HR Interview:

1] Why v hire you: I consider myself as a creative

ideas and thoughts, and your company is the only
place where my ideas can shine. I know that there
are many candidates who are eligible for this post
but among all I have the qualities that are u looking
for.
----------because i already have previous eperience
in the similar field. so i will use my previous
eperience in this !ob. and i am interested in learning
new things and a enhance my skills.
"] After 5 years you will be: I want to be in a
good position which i would have gained by my hard
work, sincerity and eperience.
#] Leave the past job: $ince there is no further
scope to improve my position. I am looking for a
change which gives me better opportunity where I
could prove myself.
%] Short Goals: I want to learn new technologies
and get eperience in that. Long-Term Goals: &o
be a 'irector( )anager an organi*ation.
+] Consier urself su!!essful: ,es, I consider
myself successful. I have a proven track record of
success throughout my education and career path.
&he another thing is -lways work for .cellence. )y
/ositive attitude
0] What o you about our organi"ation: - good
organi*ation with perfect management1s heard that
in this organi*ation i can gain knowledge and good
atmosphere.
2] Why o you want wor# in this
organi"ation$ : 3e feel good working in
companies, which has good growth in the I&
Industries. &his 4rgani*ation has all the qualities like
good growth, good .nvironment, maintaining a best
level in the I& Industries, etc.
5] %mprove ur #nowlege in past one year: %
should learn from my mistake. I always try to
consult my mistakes with my kith and kin 67riends
and relations8 especially with elderly and
eperienced person.
9] What #in of salary o you nee: % am sure
the company has already established a salary range
for this position. could you tell me what that is:
&'( )ow long woun you e*pe!te to wor#+ if
hire: % think IIwill not be leaving this company
because as I can find my growth and everything in
this company
&&( ,our greatest strength
;; 7leibility to handle change.
;; -daptable, can work anywhere, anytime(long
hours.
;; <ood leadership and team building ability.
;; 4ptimistic, positive thinking.
;; =o-operative, friendly behavior
&-( .ream job: .very !ob is unique in its challenge
and growth opportunities, I have not got any dream
!ob in that sense. >ow I working would be my dream
1#] ,our importan!e /oney r wor#: 3ork follows
money and money follows work. $o, without
eistence of one another we can1t be achievable.
1%] Ability to Wor# uner pressure: )y ability to
work under pressure is fair, because when pressure
falls on me I dont never get tensed or nervous, first I
take some time to understand the situation then I
act accordingly it makes me more comfortable to
work under pressure. I don1t feel like working under
pressure is so difficult. In every )>=?s work pressure
is common, and we must have a little ability to work
under pressure so that in feature it becomes habit
1+] /otivates you to o better job :
0esponsibility motivates me, because if I have been
given responsibility, then I want to prove that I am
the right person for the !ob, because I want to
develop myself as much as possible and become the
best I possibly can.
10] What have you learne from mista#es on
the job$
)aking mistakes is of human nature but feeling
guilty of the mistake or feeling sorry will be the
waste of time so learn from the mistakes and do not
repeat it is what my superiors had advised me. $o i
reali*e my mistake and i do not repeat them.
12] %f you were hiring a person for this job+
what woul you loo# for: dedication, hard work,
good communication skills, patience, and ability to
meet targets.
15] 1ualities o u loo#ing for a boss: &he boss
must know the strengths and weakness of his team
members, he must be a good analy*er, good human,
<ood teacher, <ood planner and good motivator.
)ust have good managing and administration skills
19] What position o you prefer on a team
wor#ing on a proje!t
&o be very frank, i want to work as a programmer
6what ever u
@ike to work8 in my team to use my logical skills to
deliver
a right product.
"A] .es!ribe your wor# ethi!: If the person
satisfied with the work he can perform more it will
useful to the organi*ation growth as well as
individuals. Bonesty, work hard but en!oy your work
are good.
"1] .o you have any 2uestions for me:
C&hank you for your time. I am highly interested in
this positionD it?s eactly the kind of work I want to
pursue for my career.
3hat is the net step in the interview process:C
HR Interview:
C Te!hni!al %nterview:
list the no of files !reate when ! sour!e file is
!ompile
.ob!,.bak
Const 3eywor:
@et?s look at what is meant when const is used. It?s
really quite simple: const means that something is
not modifiable, so a data ob!ect that is declared with
const as a part of its type specification must not be
assigned to in any way during the run of a program.
char long float volatile
short signed double void
int unsigned const
In that list, const and volatile are type qualifiers, the
rest are type specifiers.
&he keywords const and volatile can be applied to
any declaration, including those of structures,
unions, enumerated types or typedef names.
-pplying them to a declaration is called qualifying
the declarationEthat?s why const and volatile are
called type qualifiers, rather than type specifiers.
4olatile 3eywor: volatile tells the compiler that
your variable may be changed by other means, than
the code that is accessing it. It will take the value of
the given volatile variable from the main memory
every time it encounters it. &his mechanism is used
because at any time the value can be modified by
the 4$ or any interrupt. $o using volatile will help us
accessing the value afresh every time.
Const an 4olatile are - C 2ualifiers
Folatile --telling to compiler that this variable will
change
=onstant -- telling to compiler that this variable will
not change
.ynami! memory allo!ation: &he process of
allocating memory at run time is known as dynamic
memory allocation.
/allo!: -llocates memory requests si*e of bytes and
returns a pointer to the Ist byte of allocated space
Callo!: -llocates space for an array of elements
initiali*es them to *ero and returns a pointer to the
memory
0eallo!: )odifies the si*e of previously allocated
space.
5ree: clear the memory
Stru!ture 6 7nions
-ll the members of the structure can be accessed at
once,where as in an union only one member can be
used at a time.
-nother important difference is in the si*e allocated
to a
structure and an union.
for eg:
struct eample
G
int integerD
float floatingHnumbersD
I
the si*e allocated here is si*eof6int8Jsi*eof6float8D
where as in an union
union eample
G
int integerD
float floatingHnumbersD
I
si*e allocated is the si*e of the highest member.
so si*e isKsi*eof6float8D
Stru!ture: &he si*e in bytes is the sum total of si*e
of
all the elements in the structure, plus padding bytes.
7nion: Si"e of in bytes of the union is si*e of the
largest
variable element in the union.
%nline fun!tions an /a!ros:
Avantage: )acros and Inline functions are efficient
than calling a normal function. &he times spend in
calling the function is saved in case of macros and
inline functions as these are included directly into the
code.
.isavantage: )acros and inline functions
increased the si*e of eecutable code.
.ifferen!e in inline fun!tions an ma!ro
18 )acro is epanded by preprocessor and inline
function are epanded by compiler.
"8 .pressions passed as arguments to inline
functions are evaluated only once while Hepression
passed as argument to inline functions are evaluated
more than once.
#8 )ore over inline functions are used to overcome
the overhead of function calls. )acros are used to
maintain the readbility and easy maintainence of the
code.
5un!tions: Avantages 1. =ode Le usability.".
4ccupies less memory. #.error handling is easy %.
@ogic becomes clear +. =ompiler takes less time "
compile the program.
&his is the program to reverse the given
string and display. &he program internally uses the
logic of reversing the word.
MincludeNstdio.hO
MincludeNconio.hO
void strev6char ;str1, char ;str"8D
void main68
G
char ;str1, ;str"D
clrscr68D
printf6CPnPnPt .>&.L - $&LI><...: C8D
gets6str18D
strev6str1,str"8D
printf6CPnPt &B. L.F.L$.' $&LI>< I$...: C8D
puts6str"8D
getch68D
I
void strev6char ;str1, char ;str"8
G
int i K A, len K A, r K AD
while6;6str1Jlen8QK?PA?8
lenJJD
for6iKlen-1D iOKAD i--8
G
;6str"Jr8 K ;6str1Ji8D
rJJD
I
;6str"Jr8 K ?PA?D
HR Interview:
I
)ow o you write a program whi!h prou!es its
own sour!e !oe as output
(( program name avi.c
MincludeNstdlib.hO
void main68
G (((( write ur program logic here
getch68D
system6 type avi.c 8D
I
by the use of this system function from stdlib.h u can
run any dos command from ur c program but please
check the output for this only by running the ee of
ur program 6 in this case avi.ee8
Call by 4alue an Call by 0eferen!e
&he arguments passed to function can be of two
types namely
1. Falues passed or =all by value
". -ddress passed or =all by reference
&he first type refers to call by value and the second
type refers to call by reference.
7or instance consider program1
main68
G
int K+A, yK2AD
interchange6,y8D
printf6RKSd yKSdT,,y8D
I
interchange61,y18
int 1,y1D
G
int *1D
*1K1D
1Ky1D
y1K*1D
printf6R1KSd y1KSdT,1,y18D
IBere the value to function interchange is passed by
value.
=onsider program"
main68
G
int K+A, yK2AD
interchange6U,Uy8D
printf6RKSd yKSdT,,y8D
I
interchange61,y18
int ;1,;y1D
G
int *1D
*1K;1D
;1K;y1D
;y1K*1D
printf6R;KSd ;yKSdT,1,y18D
I
Bere the function is called by reference. In other
words address is passed by using symbol U and the
value is accessed by using symbol ;. &he main
difference between them can be seen by analy*ing
the output of program1 and program". &he output of
program1 that is call by value is
1K2A y1K+A
K+A yK2A
Vut the output of program" that is call by reference
is
;K2A ;yK+A
K2A yK+A
&his is because in case of call by value the value is
passed to function named as interchange and there
the value got interchanged and got printed as
1K2A y1K+A
and again since no values are returned back and
therefore original values of and y as in main
function namely
K+A yK2A got printed.
Vut in case of call by reference address of the
variable got passed and therefore what ever changes
that happened in function interchange got reflected
in the address location and therefore the got
reflected in original function call in main also without
eplicit return value. $o value got printed as ;K2A
;yK+A and K2A yK+A
S!ope of the stati! variables
&he static variables are available to the program, not
only for the function ( block. It has the scope within
the current compile. 3hen static variable is declared
in a function, the value of the variable is preserved ,
so that successive calls to that function can use the
latest updated value. &he static variables are
initiali*ed at compile time and kept in the eecutable
file itself. &he life time etends across the complete
run of the program.
.ifferen!e between obje!t oriente an obje!t
base languages
&he main difference between ob!ect oriented and
ob!ect based languages is ob!ect based languages
doesn?t support Inheritance where as ob!ect oriented
supports.
Stati! 6 global variable :
$tatic and global variable differ a lot in their
behaviour to life and scope. 7irst, let me distinguish
between life and scope. @ife of an ob!ect determines
whether the ob!ect is still in the memory 6of the
process8 whereas scope of the ob!ect is whether can
I know the variable by its name at this position. It is
possible that ob!ect is live, but not visible 6not in
scope8 but not that ob!ect is not alive but in scope
6ecept for dynamically allocated ob!ects where you
refer ob!ect through pointers8.
$tatic variables are local in scope to their module in
which they are defined, but life is throughout the
program. $ay for a static variable inside a function
cannot be called from outside the function 6because
it?s not in scope8 but is alive and eists in memory.
&he net time this function is entered 6within the
same program8 the same chunk of memory would be
accessed now retaining the variables old value and
no new memory is allocated this time for this
variable like other variables in the function
6automatic variables8. $o basically the variable
persists throughout the program. $imilarly if a static
variable is defined in a global space 6say at
beginning of file8 then this variable will be
accessible only in this file 6file scope8.
4n the other hand global variables have to be
defined globally, persists 6life is8 throughout the
program, scope is also throughout the program. &his
means such variables can be accessed from any
function, any file of the program.
$o if you have a global variable and u r distributing
ur files as a library and you want others to not
access your global variable, you may make it static
by !ust prefiing keyword static 6of course if same
HR Interview:
variable is not required in other files of yours8.
8mbee 1uestions:
%nterrupt laten!y is the responce time of interrupt
that meeans the time taken by the device to recieve
it and then acknowledge after that it will transfer to
particular I$L.
!onstant volatile variable9
In this current contet of code will not change the
value of the variable but out side of the program i.e.
hardware registers can change it.
&he :pragma prepro!essor directive allows each
compiler to implement compiler-specific features that
can be turned on and off with the Mpragma
statement.
Little 8nian means that the lower order byte of
the number is stored in memory at the lowest
address, and the higher order byte is stored at the
highest address. &hat is, the little end comes first.
C;ig 8nianC means that the higher order byte of
the number is stored in memory at the lowest
address, and the lower order byte at the highest
address. &he big end comes first.
Bere is some code to determine what is the type of
your machine
int num K 1D
if6;6char ;8Unum KK 18
G
printf6CPn@ittle-.ndianPnC8D
I
else
G
printf6CVig-.ndianPnC8D
I
-nd here is some code to convert from one .ndian to
another.
int myreversefunc6int num8
G
int byteA, byte1, byte", byte#D
byteA K 6num U AAAAAA778 OO A D
byte1 K 6num U AAAA77AA8 OO 5 D
byte" K 6num U AA77AAAA8 OO 10 D
byte# K 6num U 77AAAAAA8 OO "% D
return66byteA NN "%8 W 6byte1 NN 108 W 6byte" NN
58 W 6byte# NN A88D
I
%nterrupt: &he response to an eternal event, even
that is doing something else , is important for any
4perating $ystem. In any Leal time operating
system these interrupts has to be handled efficiently,
$ince the response time should be minimum in any
L&4$
I$L: 3hen the microprocessor detects that a signal
attached to one of its interrupt request pins is
asserted, it stops eecuting the sequence of
instructions it was eecuting, saves on the stack the
address of the instruction that would have been
net, and !umps to an interrupt routine. -n interrupt
routine is sometimes called an interrupt handler or
an interrupt service routine.
Interrupt routines are sub routines that you write,
subroutines that do whatever needs to be done when
the interrupt signal occurs.
&he term <interrupt laten!yT refers to the amount
of time it takes a system to respond to an interrupt.
Semaphores are F3orks kernel ob!ects which
allow blocking and unblocking of tasks, to coordinate
tasks1 actions with those of other tasks and with
eternal events.
4*Wor#s provies three varieties of semaphores:
Vinary 6synchroni*ation8
semaphores.
=ounting semaphores.
)ute 6mutual eclusion8
semaphores.
.ach type of semaphore is intended primarily for a
particular kind of programming problem
;inary semaphores allow tasks to wait for an event
without taking up =/X time polling. &he event might
be an interrupt, or the action of another task.
/ute* semaphores are used when multiple tasks
share a resource 6data structure, file, hardware8.
3hen used correctly, mute semaphores prevent
multiple tasks from accessing the resource at the
same time, and so corrupting it.
Counting semaphores keep a count of how many
times the event has occurred, but not been serviced.
)ay be used to ensure that the event is serviced as
many times as it occurs.
Tas#: /rogram activated for eecution
/ultitas#ing: .ecution of threads interleaved on
the basis of a scheduling algorithm.
=reemptive =riority s!heuling: &asks of higher
priority can preempt the task currently being
eecuted on the =/X - wind kernel has "+0 priority
levels
-tasks are assigned a priority when createdD
however, while eecuting , a task can change its
priority using task/riority$et68
0oun robin s!heuling can be enabled with the
routine kernel&ime$lice68, which takes a parameter
for time slice, or interval, a run time counter is kept
for each task and incremented on every clock tick
/8SSAG8 17878
primary intertask communication
mechanism within a single =/X.
allow a variable number of messages, each
of variable length to be queued
any task or I$L can send messages to the
message queue
any task can receive messages from the
message queue
multiple tasks can send to and receive from
the same message queue
=ro!ess: - process is a program under eecution
- program consists of static instructions stored in
memory.- process is that dynamic entity consisting
of the sequence of events created as a result of
eecution of these instructions.
/rocessor scheduler and dispatcher are the two main
components of the processor manager.
$electing the net process to be run is called
processor s!heuling. -ssigning the selected
HR Interview:
process to the =/X is called dispatching. /rocessor
scheduling is done by a system module called
pro!essor s!heuler9
'ispatching is done by another system module
called ispat!her9
&9 Simulator:
$uppose you have written assembly program in a file
and corresponding ee file is ready. &he simulator is
the pc software which reads the instructions from the
ee and ?minmics? the operation of the processor.
-9 8mulator:
8mulator is a 6/= software J a processor8. &he
/rocessor can be plugged into the &-L<.& V4-L'
when you want to test the developed software in real
time to check run time bugs. 3hen not in use it can
be unplugged. &he /rocessor will have a parallel or
Y&-< interface with the /= for downloading the ee
file for eecution. Bence, whereas the $imulator is
slow in eecution, .mulator will be able to give real
time verification of the developed code. <enerally
you will test your developed code on simulator first
and then go for checking on emulator.
The =rogram Counter: &he /rogram =ounter 6/=8
is a "-byte address that tells the 5A+" where the
net instruction to eecute is found in memory.
3hen the 5A+" is initiali*ed /= always starts at
AAAAh and is incremented each time an instruction is
eecuted. It is important to note that /= isn?t always
incremented by one. $ince some instructions are "
or # bytes in length the /= will be incremented by "
or # in these cases.
The .ata =ointer: &he 'ata /ointer 6'/&L8 is only
user-accessible 10-bit 6"-byte8 register. &he
-ccumulator, CLC registers, and CVC register are all 1-
byte values. &he /= !ust described is a 10-bit value
but isn?t directly user-accessible as a working
register. '/&L, as the name suggests, is used to
point to data. It is used by a number of commands
that allow the 5A+" to access eternal memory.
3hen the 5A+" accesses eternal memory it
accesses the memory at the address indicated by
'/&L.
The Sta!# =ointer: &he $tack /ointer, like all
registers ecept '/&L and /=, may hold an 5-bit 61-
byte8 value. &he $tack /ointer is used to indicate
where the net value to be removed from the stack
should be taken from. 3hen you push a value onto
the stack, the 5A+" first increments the value of $/
and then stores the value at the resulting memory
location. 3hen you pop a value off the stack, the
5A+" returns the value from the memory location
indicated by $/, and then decrements the value of
$/.
we can separate them based on =lock in the
following way.
18 I"= U $/I are $ynchronous Interfaces U
used on /=V
"8 =-> is -syncronus Interface U uses wires
for long
distence communications.
.iff ;>W %-C 6 S=%:
18 a8I"= is invented by /hilips
b8Invented by )ototola
"8 a8 Xsed to interface with -udio(Fideo
'evices as the
philips is epertise.
b8 -ccess Bigh 'ata trnsmission deives like
../L4)$
#8 a8 I"= $upports $peed is :
1AAZbps6$tandard8
:%AAZbps67ast8
:#.%)bps6Bigh $peed8
b8 $/I $upports : #)bps to 1A)bps
%8 a8 I"= is multi-master, -ddress based
=ommunication
b8 $/I is )aster $lave, 3ith $lave select6$$8
based =ommunication
+8 a8 I"= needs " pins
b8 $/I needs #Jn pins 6n is no.of devices8
08 a8 I"= supports 1"2 devices
b8 limited by avilable =hip slects
Coming To CA?:
invented by Lobert Vosh supports 1"2
devices , multimaster , )essage based
comminications, Leliable, supports %Akbps to
1)bps
18I"= is half duple as there are only two
lines6$=@ and
$'-8.
"8$/I is 7ull 'uple as between a )aster and a
dedicated
slave as selected by slaveHselect signalD there
are % lines
6$piHclk,$piHdatain,$piHdataout and
slaveHselect8.$o,at any
given time data can be sent and received by
the master on
two seperate lines.
Vit )anuplation
3henever you see the variable n, its value is
assumed to be A through 1+.
y K 6 OO n8 U 1D (( nKA..1+. stores nth
bit of in y. y becomes A or 1.
UK [61 NN n8D (( forces nth bit of to
be A. all other bits left alone.
UK 61NN6nJ188-1D (( leaves alone the
lowest n bits of D all higher bits set to A.
WK 61 NN n8D (( forces nth bit of to
be 1. all other bits left alone.
\K 61 NN n8D (( toggles nth bit of .
all other bits left alone.
K [D (( toggles -@@ the bits in .
int K 1D (( binary: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1
NNK #D (( binary: AAAAAAAAAAAA1AAA
WK #D (( binary: AAAAAAAAAAAA1A11 -
because # is 11 in binary
UK 1D (( binary: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1
\K %D (( binary: AAAAAAAAAAAAA1A1 -
toggle using binary mask 1AA
\K %D (( binary: AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1 -
toggle with mask 1AA again
HR Interview: