STUD SPECIFICATION 2

Indian Standard IS 1367 is on technical supply conditions for threaded steel fasteners. There are many parts in this
standard. Part numbers 3, 6, 7 and 14 are on mechanical properties and tests. Property class is used to give
information about type of material and its properties. Information about these standards to show areas of their
usefulness and mechanical properties of stainless steel fasteners is given in this article. For full detail / more
information, please refer latest version of the standards.
Note: In preparation of IS standards, considerable assistance has been derived from ISO Standards and hence
they are similar to ISO Standards.
IS 1367, Part 3: Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel.
This standard covers the mechanical properties, methods of testing and acceptance of bolts, screws and studs with
full loadability. This standard applies to bolts, screws and studs:
with nominal diameters up to and including 39 mm,
of ISO metric thread and with diameters and pitches according to IS 4218 and
made of carbon steel or alloy steel.
Designation system and property classes
The designation system for property class of bolts, screws and studs is as shown below (Note: Only one property
class is shown in the sketch as an illustration).

The abscissas show the nominal tensile strength values while the ordinates show those of the elongation after
fracture.
The designation consists of two figures:
The first figure indicates 1/100 of the nominal tensile strength in N/mm
2
and
The second figure indicates 1/10 of the ratio, expressed as a percentage, between nominal yield stress and
nominal tensile strength.
The multiplication of these two figures will give 1/10 of the nominal yield stress in N/mm
2
.
Minimum yield stress and minimum tensile strength are equal to or greater than the nominal values.
Steel for the various property classes is as shown in the table blow.
Property
Class
Material and Treatment
Tempering
Temperature C
Minimum
4.6
Low or medium carbon steel _
4.8
5.6
5.8
6.8
8.8
Low carbon steel with additives (e.g. boron or Mn or Cr),
quenched and tempered or
425
Medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered 450*
9.8
Low carbon steel with additives (e.g. boron or Mn or Cr),
quenched and tempered or
410
Medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered
10.9
Low carbon steel with additives (e.g. boron or Mn or Cr),
quenched and tempered or
340
Medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered or
425
Medium carbon steel with additives (e.g. boron or Mn or
Cr), quenched and tempered or
Alloy steel
12.9 Alloy steel 380
*For size M20 and larger a temperature of 425 C may be used.
Note:
Property class 9.8 applies only to sizes up to 16 mm thread diameter and is included for information only and
manufacture of products with this property class is to be discouraged.
The minimum tempering temperatures listed in above table are mandatory for property classes 8.8 to 12.9 in all
cases.
Mechanical properties
Some of the important properties like tensile strength, Brinell hardness and elongation after fracture as % for
various property classes are as under (for other properties like Rockwell and Vickers hardness, etc. please refer the
standard).
Clause
No.
Mechanical Property 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 M16 8.8>M16 9.8 10.9 12.9
4.1 &
4.2
Tensile strength,R
m
, N/mm
2
,
Nominal
400 400 500 500 600 800 800 900 1000 1200
Tensile strength, R
m
, N/mm
2
,
Minimum
400 420 500 520 600 800 830 900 1040 1220
4.4
Brinell hardness HB Minimum 114 124 147 152 181 219 242 266 295 353
Brinell hardness HB Maximum 209 238 285 319 342 362 412
4.7
Yield stress, R
eL
, N/mm
2
,
Nominal
240 320 300 400 480 - - - - -
Yield stress, R
eL
, N/mm
2
,
Minimum
240 340 300 420 480 - - - - -
4.8
Stress at permanent set
limit,R
p0.2
,
- 640 640 720 900 1080
N/mm
2
, Nominal
Stress at permanent set
limit,R
p0.2
,
N/mm
2
, Minimum
- 640 660 720 940 1100
4.9
Stress under proof load, S, S
p
/R
eL

Ratio of proof load stress and
yield stress
0.94 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.88 0.88
Stress under proof load, S, N/mm
2
225 310 280 380 440 580 600 650 830 970
4.10 Elongation after fracture A
5
% 22 14 20 10 8 12 12 10 9 8
Tables for minimum ultimate tensile loads and proof loads for ISO metric coarse and fine threads are also given in
the standard.
Minimum ultimate tensile load and proof load of a fastener can be calculated by multiplying nominal stress area of
the fastener by minimum tensile strength and proof stress respectively from above table.
For ready reference tables showing nominal stress areas, minimum ultimate tensile loads and proof loads as per ISO
898 (IS 1367, part 3) are given in next article Design Data for Threaded Fasteners.
Tests to be carried out and test methods for following tests are given in the standard.
1. Tensile test for machined test pieces.
2. Tensile test for full size bolts.
3. Hardness tests.
4. Proof load test for full size bolts.
5. Test for strength under wedge loading of full size bolts and screws (Not Studs).
6. Impact test for machined test pieces.
7. Head soundness test (for bolts M16 and lengths too short for wedge load testing).
8. Decarburization test.
9. Surface integrity test to be carried out as per IS 1367 Part 9.
In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from ISO 898/1- Mechanical
properties of fasteners, Part 1 Bolts, screws and studs.
IS 1367, Part 6 and 7: Mechanical properties and test methods for nuts
Part 6 of the standard (IS 1367) covers the mechanical properties and methods of testing for nuts with specified
proof load values made of carbon steel or low alloy steel.
Coarse threaded nuts with Nominal Heights 0.8d are designated by a number to indicate the maximum appropriate
property class of bolts with which they may be mated. A bolt or screw of a particular property class assembled with
the equivalent property class of nut in accordance with table-1 of the standard is intended to provide an assembly
capable of being tightened to achieve a bolt tension equivalent to the bolt proof load or yield load with out
stripping.
Thus, nut property class is the same as the first figure of the bolt designation.
Table-1 of the standard gives proof stress and Vickers Hardness values (mechanical properties) for various nominal
sizes of nuts as per property class.
Coarse threaded nuts with Nominal Heights 0.5d and < 0.8d are designated as under.
Property Class
of Nut
Nominal proof load
stress, N/mm
2

Test proof load
stress, N/mm
2

04 400 380
05 500 500
The requirements for nuts, which are not amenable to proof loading either due to their geometry or application,
are covered in Part 7 of the standard (IS 1367 1980). The standard has specified hardness values (Vickers Hardness)
for two property class (14H and 22H) of nuts.
The numerical part of the symbol represents 1/10 of the minimum Vickers hardness and the letter H in the symbol
refers to hardness. Thus 14H represents minimum harness of 140 Vickers.
If female threads are tapped in one of the components to be fastened, the necessary length of thread will depend
on the strength of the chosen material. The following rules of thumb will give an initial guide to the length of
female thread for use with steel bolts:
Steel length at least equal to the major thread diameter.
Cast Iron, brass or bronze at least 1.5 times the major diameter.
Aluminium or Zinc Alloys at least twice the major diameter.
IS 1367, Part 14: Stainless steel threaded fasteners
This standard covers the requirements of bolts, screws, studs and nuts made from austenitic, ferritic and
martensitic grades of corrosion resistant stainless steels for nominal thread diameters from 1.6 up to 39 mm.
Designation system
The designation system of the stainless steel threaded fasteners is as shown below.

The steel grades and property classes are designated by a four character identifier consisting of a letter followed
by three digits. The letter indicates the general composition group of steels as follows.
A for austenitic steels,
C for martensitic steels and
F for ferritic steels.
The first digit following the letter indicates the type of alloying element present for the particular Group A, C or F.
A table (Table 2) is given in the standard giving % of alloying element present in each group and grade of material.
The last two digits indicate the property class (metallurgical condition, tensile strength 70 indicates tensile
strength of 700 N / mm
2
and so on).
Multiplying last two digits by 10 gives minimum tensile strength of the material for externally threaded fasteners
and proof load stress for nuts in N / mm
2
.
Examples
A2 70 indicates: austenitic steel, cold worked, minimum 700 N / mm
2
tensile strength.
C3 80 indicates: martensitic 16 % Cr Steel, hardened and tempered, minimum 800 N / mm
2
tensile strength.
All austenitic steel fasteners are normally non-magnetic.
Austenitic steel fasteners of grades A2 and A4 shall not show any grain-boundary carbide network and shall be
resistant to inter-crystalline corrosion test.
Grade A1 fasteners can also be supplied resistant to inter-crystalline corrosion subject to prior agreement with the
manufacturer.
Acceptability tests and method for tests
Tests for acceptability and method for tests are given in the standard.
Tables are given showing mechanical properties. For externally threaded fasteners (bolts, screws and studs) values
are given for tensile strength, stress at 0.2 % permanent strain, minimum elongation and hardness. For austenitic
grade screws of M5 and smaller, breaking torque test is carried out and table is given for breaking torque values.
Proof load stress values are given for nuts.
The nuts shall be capable of being fully loaded up to the proof load (specified minimum tensile strength of bolts of
the same steel grade and property class) without thread stripping occurring.
Test methods are given for the following:
1. Determination of tensile strength.
2. Determination of stress at 0.2 % permanent strain.
3. Determination of total extension at fracture.
4. Determination of breaking torque.
5. Proof load test for nuts.
6. Hardness tests.
This standard is in conformity with ISO 3506 Corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners.
Mechanical properties of stainless steel fasteners
For ready reference tables showing mechanical properties of stainless steel are reproduced below from web site of
Bufab Stainless AB, Sweden.
Mechanical properties of Martensitic and Ferritic stainless steel fasteners:
(As per ISO 3506)
Group Grade
Property-
class
Bolts, screws and studs 3) Nuts
Tensile-
strength
Rm 1)
N/mm min.
Stress at 0,2
% permanent
strain
Rp0,2 1)
N/mm min
Elongation
A_L 2)
Min.
Stress under
Proof load Sp
N/mm min.
1)
HV
min. max.
HB
min. max.
HRC
min
max.
Martensitic




C1
C3
C4


50
70
110 7)
80
50
500
700
1100
800
500
250
410
820
640
250
0,2 d
0,2 d
0,2 d
0,2 d
0,2 d
500
700
1100
800
500
-
220
350
240
155
-
330
440
340
220
-
209
-
228
147
-
314
-
323
220
-
20
36
21
-
-
34
45
35
-
70 700 410 0,2 d 700 220 330 209 314 20 34
Ferritic

F1 4)

45
60
450
600
250
410
0,2 d
0,2 d
450
600
135
180
220
285
128
171
209
271
-
-
-
-
Mechanical properties of Austenitic stainless steel fasteners:
(As per ISO 3506)
Group Grade
Property-
class
Dimension-
range 5)
Bolts, screws and studs 3) Nuts 3)
Tensile-
strength
Rm 1)
N/mm
min.
Stress at 0,2
% permanent
strain
Rp0,2 1)
N/mm min
Elongation
A_L 2)
Min.
Stress under
Proof load Sp
N/mm min. 1)
Austenitic






A1, A2
A3, A4
and A5
Pressure
vessel


50
70
80
Bumax 88
Bumax 88
Bumax 88
Bumax 109
M39
M24
M24
M36
M6 M24
1 UNC
M20
500
700
800
800
800
800
1000
210
450
600
640
640
640
900 9)
0,6 d
0,4 d
0,3 d
0,3 d 8 )
0,4xd
0,4xd
0,2 d
500
700
800
800
800
800
1000
1) All stress values are calculated and reported in terms of the nominal stress area of the thread and are valid for
lengths 2,5xd.
2) The elongation is given in mm x nominal thread diameter (d)
3) Refers to test on finished products, not a prepared test piece.
4) Max. diameter for F1 = 16 mm.
5) Must be by agreement between user and manufacturer for property classes 70 and 80 above M24.
6) ISO 3506 specifies 50, 70 and 80. Bumax 88 and 109 are Bufab Stainless internal standard and not part of ISO
3506.
7) Hardened and annealed. Min annealing temperature = 275 C
8 ) Bumax 88 >M30 = 0,2xd
9) Bumax 109 M14 = 800
BUMAX stainless steel
Bufab Stainless AB, Sweden makes stainless steel fasteners under brand name BUMAX. Bufab Stainless is a member
of the Bufab Group. The BUMAX 88 and 109 fasteners are developed to achieve ultimate tensile and yield strength
values in line with those of Steel-screws in class 8.8 and 10.9. They are made from austenitic stainless steels. Thus
they are used where fasteners demand high strength in addition to corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel.
They are very useful for marine application. For more information on stainless steel and BUMAX fasteners, please
refer their website. Address of their website is http://www.bufab-stainless.se
For ready reference table showing mechanical properties of non ferrous material as per DIN / ISO 8839
Material
Nominal thread
diameter mm
Tensile
strength R
m

N/mm
2

Stress at permanent
set limit R
p
0,2
N/mm
2

Percentage
elongation
after
fracture
A
5
%
Symbol Designation over to min. min. min.
CU1
E-Cu57/Cu-
ETP
39 240 160 14
CU2 CUZn37
6 440 340 11
6 39 370 250 19
CU3 CuZn39Pb3
6 440 340 11
6 39 370 250 19
CU4 CuSn6
12 470 340 22
12 39 400 200 33
CU5 CuNi1,5 Si 39 590 540 12
CU6 CuZn40MnPb 6 39 440 180 18
CU7 CuAl10Ni5Fe4 12 39 640 270 15
AL1 AIMg3
10 270 230 3
10 20 250 180 4
AL2 AIMg5
14 310 205 6
14 36 280 200 6
AL3 AISi1MgMn
6 320 250 7
6 39 310 260 10
AL4 AlCuMgSi
10 420 290 6
10 39 380 260 10
AL5 AIZnMgCu0,5 39 460 380 7
AL6 AIZn5,5MgCu 39 510 440 7
TI1 TI 99,8 20 290 180 30
TI2 TiAI6V4 39 890 820 10
Cold formed bolts and nuts are primarily made of following materials:
Brass = Ms 63 = Cu Zn 37
Aluminium = AI Mg 3
Kuprodur = Cu Ni 1,5 Si
Machined bolts and nuts are made of following materials:
Brass = Ms 58 = Cu Zn 39 Pb3
Aluminium = AI Mg Si 1