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Chemi cal Bondi ng

Important Points
The chemical properties of an atom depend upon its electronic configuration.
The inert gases have stable electronic configuration.
The properties of an ion are different from that of corresponding atom.
The ionic compounds are crystalline solids.
The ionic compounds have high melting points.
The molecules are of different shapes.
NaCl is an ionic compound.

Valency The valency of an atom is defined as the number of electrons it loses or gains or shares
in bonding with the other atoms in a molecule in order to attain noble gas configuration.

Positive I on The ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons is called positive ion.

Negative I on The ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons is called negative ion.

Chemical Bonds The electrostatic forces that keep the atoms of a solid together are known as
chemical bonds.

I onic or Electrovalent Bond The bond formed by the complete transference of one or more
valence electrons of one atom to the valence shell of the other atom is called an ionic or electrovalent
bond.
Example Sodium chloride, potassium oxide etc.
Ionic bond is formed between atoms of different elements.
Ionic compounds have higher boiling and melting points as compared to covalent compounds.
Ionic bond is a strong bond as compared to covalent bond.
Ionic compounds are soluble in water.
Ionic compounds are insoluble in non-polar solvents (benzene, carbon tetrachloride etc.).
Ionic bonds are non-directional.
Ionic compounds are generally found in solid state.
Ionic compounds (in liquid form) conduct electricity.


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Covalent Bond The bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons between two atoms is
called a covalent bond.
Example Chlorine, hydrogen molecule etc.
Covalent bond is formed between the atoms of the same element.
Covalent compounds are insoluble in water.
Covalent compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents.
Covalent bonds are directional.
Covalent compounds are found in solid, liquid or gaseous state.
Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity.
Elements of groups I, II, IV, and VII often constitute ionic compounds whereas elements of all
the other groups make covalent compounds.
The elements X any Y have atomic number 7 and 9 respectively.

Then, chemical formula of the compound will be:
Electronic configuration of X = 2, 5
Electronic configuration of Y = 2, 7
Three atoms of Y and one atom of X will form bond. The chemical formula of compound will
be XY3.