AP Chemistry Chapter 19 ThermodynamicsFree Energy and Pressure
1. Calculate G for the reaction:
!"g# $ !%"g# !&"g# $ !&"g# for these conditions: T ' &9( )* P! ' 1.++ , 1+ - atm* P % O ' &.++ , 1+ - atm P & NO ' 1.++ , 1+ . atm* P & ! ' 1.++ , 1+ % atm For G use your ans/er from pro0lem 11+ on the 2Free Energy and Chemical 3eactions4 /or5sheet. &. Calculate G for the reaction: & 6&7"g# $ 7!&"g# % 7"s# $ & 6&!"g# for the follo/ing conditions at &8C: P S H & ' 1.++ , 1+ 9 atm* P & SO ' 1.++ , 1+ & atm* P O H & ' %.++ , 1+ & atm. 7ee pro0lem 111 for G. %. :sing the data from a reference source* calculate H;* S;* and K "at &9( )# for the synthesis of ammonia 0y the 6a0er process: &"g# $ 6&"g# 6%"g# Calculate G for this reaction under the follo/ing conditions "assume an uncertainty of <1 in all =uantities#: "a# T ' &9( )* P & N ' P & H ' &++ atm* P % NH ' 8+ atm "0# T ' &9( )* P & N ' &++ atm* P & H ' -++ atm* P % NH ' &++ atm "c# T ' 1++ )* P & N ' 8+ atm* P & H ' &++ atm* P % NH ' 1+ atm "d# T ' .++ )* P & N ' 8+ atm* P & H ' &++ atm* P % NH ' 1+ atm 9. Consider the follo/ing reaction: 6&!"g# $ Cl&!"g# & 6!Cl"g# K&9( ' +.+9+ For Cl&!"g#* Gf ' 9..9 5>?mol* H;f ' (+.% 5>?mol* and S; ' &--.1 >?)@ mol "a# Calculate G for the reaction using the e=uation G ' RT ln"K#. "0# :se 0ond energy Aalues to estimate H for the reaction. "c# :se the results from parts a and 0 to estimate S; for the reaction. "d# Estimate Hf and S; for 6!Cl"g#. "Assume that these Aalues are unaAaila0le from ta0ulated data.# "e# Estimate the Aalue of K at 8++ ). "f# Estimate G at &8C /hen P O H & ' 1( torr* P O Cl & ' &.+ torr* and P HOCl ' +.1+ torr. 8. A rough rule of thum0 is that for a chemical reaction S 1++"n# /here n is the change in the num0er of moles of gaseous components and S has units of >?). "a# :se this approBimation and the Aalues of 0ond energies to estimate S* H* and G for the reaction: C!"g# & 6&"g# C6%!6"g# "0# Compare the a0oAe Aalues /ith those calculated from thermodynamic data in reference source. "c# Cf you /ere to propose using this reaction on an industrial scale* /ould you choose a high or lo/ temperatureD -. Acrylic acid "C6&C6C!&6# is an important monomer in the chemical industry. !ne method for the production of acrylic acid is the reaction of car0on monoBide /ith ethylene oBide. "a# :se 0ond energies and the approBimation giAen in pro0lem 18 to estimate S* H* and G for the reaction. "0# :nder /hat temperature conditions should this reaction 0e runD