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AP Chemistry Chapter 19 ThermodynamicsFree Energy and Pressure

1. Calculate G for the reaction:


!"g# $ !%"g# !&"g# $ !&"g#
for these conditions: T ' &9( )* P! ' 1.++ , 1+
-
atm* P
%
O ' &.++ , 1+
-
atm
P
&
NO
' 1.++ , 1+
.
atm* P
&
!
' 1.++ , 1+
%
atm
For G use your ans/er from pro0lem 11+ on the 2Free Energy and Chemical
3eactions4 /or5sheet.
&. Calculate G for the reaction:
& 6&7"g# $ 7!&"g# % 7"s# $ & 6&!"g#
for the follo/ing conditions at &8C: P S H
&
' 1.++ , 1+
9
atm* P
&
SO ' 1.++ , 1+
&
atm*
P O H
&
' %.++ , 1+
&
atm. 7ee pro0lem 111 for G.
%. :sing the data from a reference source* calculate H;* S;* and K "at &9( )# for the
synthesis of ammonia 0y the 6a0er process:
&"g# $ 6&"g# 6%"g#
Calculate G for this reaction under the follo/ing conditions "assume an uncertainty of
<1 in all =uantities#:
"a# T ' &9( )* P
&
N
' P
&
H
' &++ atm* P
%
NH
' 8+ atm
"0# T ' &9( )* P
&
N ' &++ atm* P
&
H ' -++ atm* P
%
NH ' &++ atm
"c# T ' 1++ )* P
&
N
' 8+ atm* P
&
H
' &++ atm* P
%
NH
' 1+ atm
"d# T ' .++ )* P
&
N ' 8+ atm* P
&
H ' &++ atm* P
%
NH ' 1+ atm
9. Consider the follo/ing reaction:
6&!"g# $ Cl&!"g# & 6!Cl"g# K&9( ' +.+9+
For Cl&!"g#* Gf ' 9..9 5>?mol* H;f ' (+.% 5>?mol* and S; ' &--.1 >?)@ mol
"a# Calculate G for the reaction using the e=uation G ' RT ln"K#.
"0# :se 0ond energy Aalues to estimate H for the reaction.
"c# :se the results from parts a and 0 to estimate S; for the reaction.
"d# Estimate Hf and S; for 6!Cl"g#. "Assume that these Aalues are unaAaila0le from
ta0ulated data.#
"e# Estimate the Aalue of K at 8++ ).
"f# Estimate G at &8C /hen P O H
&
' 1( torr* P O Cl
&
' &.+ torr* and P HOCl ' +.1+ torr.
8. A rough rule of thum0 is that for a chemical reaction S 1++"n# /here n is the
change in the num0er of moles of gaseous components and S has units of >?).
"a# :se this approBimation and the Aalues of 0ond energies to estimate S* H* and
G for the reaction:
C!"g# & 6&"g# C6%!6"g#
"0# Compare the a0oAe Aalues /ith those calculated from thermodynamic data in
reference source.
"c# Cf you /ere to propose using this reaction on an industrial scale* /ould you choose a
high or lo/ temperatureD
-. Acrylic acid "C6&C6C!&6# is an important monomer in the chemical industry. !ne
method for the production of acrylic acid is the reaction of car0on monoBide /ith
ethylene oBide.
"a# :se 0ond energies and the approBimation giAen in pro0lem 18 to estimate S* H*
and G for the reaction.
"0# :nder /hat temperature conditions should this reaction 0e runD

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