Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
5000).
If Acme had less than a direct connection between the Cisco 4700 and Cisco 5300, it would be advisable to use a congestion
management tool such as RED or WRED as soon as that becomes widely available.
For the WAN portion of its network Acme plans to utilize several different QoS tools. For all its WAN links, Acme plans to
use Compressed Real-Time Transfer Protocol (CRTP) to keep the RTP header from using unnecessary bandwidth. IP precedence
will also be set by the router on all voice packets to precedence level 5 (critical).
Remote branches using Frame Relay will utilize two DLCIs to prioritize voice and data. The MTU size will be adjusted to reect
the available delay budget and speed of the circuit (that is setting the MTU to 300 kb on a 56K link would cause the maximum
latency between packet transmission to be about 36 ms). The voice DLCI will be provisioned to allow the CIR to cover all needed
bandwidth, while the data DLCI will be provisioned to allow bursts (Be) when necessary. Static routes will be utilized to send all
trafc destined to a router through the voice DLCI and all trafc destined to a network to the data DLCI. While this scenario does
not allow for the granular approach that policy-based routing allows, it is an effective way to segment trafc.
London
Tokyo
At l ant a
Ral ei gh
San Di ego
256k
256k
128k
Frame
Relay
PBX/ PABX
PBX/ PABX
PBX/ PABX
E
t
h
e
r
n
e
t
Aust i n
PRI
T1-B
T1-A
V
V
V
V
V
V
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 44 of 80
Note: Until Cisco IOS software allows for a congurable source IP address for null trafc, policy-based routing will run into
problems when used with subinterfaces.
On the links running PPP (Tokyo and London), RTP header compression will be used to compress the voice packet headers.
WFQ will be used in conjunction with RSVP to prioritize voice ows across these higher-speed links. More bandwidth will be
allocated for RSVP than will be necessary for voice to allow for other applications to use RSVP when needed (that is, video streams,
application sharing, and so on).
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 45 of 80
Conguration Information for Acme Corporation
Austin C5300 Voice over IP Gateway Conguration
Current conguration:
!
version 11.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname 5300_Gateway
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
isdn switch-type primary-5ess
!
!
controller T1 0
framing esf
clock source internal
linecode b8zs
pri-group timeslots 1-24
!
controller T1 1
framing esf
clock source internal
linecode b8zs
pri-group timeslots 1-24
!
controller T1 2
framing esf
clock source line primary
linecode b8zs
pri-group timeslots 1-24
!
controller T1 3
framing esf
clock source internal
linecode b8zs
!
dial-peer voice 2 voip
destination-pattern +2.......
req-qos controlled-load
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.74
!
dial-peer voice 3 voip
destination-pattern +3.......
req-qos controlled-load
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.66
!
dial-peer voice 4 voip
destination-pattern +4.......
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.19
!
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 46 of 80
dial-peer voice 5 voip
destination-pattern +5.......
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.18
!
dial-peer voice 6 voip
destination-pattern +6.......
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.20
!
dial-peer voice 2000 voip
destination-pattern +12089882...
req-qos controlled-load
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.74
!
dial-peer voice 3000 voip
destination-pattern +13089883...
req-qos controlled-load
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.66
!
dial-peer voice 4000 voip
destination-pattern +14089884...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.19
!
dial-peer voice 5000 voip
destination-pattern +15089885...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.18
!
dial-peer voice 6000 voip
destination-pattern +16089886...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.20
!
dial-peer voice 9 pots
destination-pattern +9.......
direct-inward-dial
port 0:D
!
dial-peer voice 99 pots
destination-pattern +1808988....
direct-inward-dial
port 1:D
prefix 18089888
!
dial-peer voice 999 pots
destination-pattern +18089888...
direct-inward-dial
port 2:D
prefix 18089888
!
num-exp 82... 12089882...
num-exp 83... 13089883...
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 47 of 80
num-exp 84... 14089884...
num-exp 85... 15089885...
num-exp 86... 16089886...
num-exp 88... 18089888...
!
voice-port 0:D
!
voice-port 1:D
!
voice-port 2:D
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.168.121.4 255.255.255.248
!
interface Serial0:23
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
isdn incoming-voice modem
no cdp enable
!
interface Serial1:23
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
isdn incoming-voice modem
no cdp enable
!
interface Serial2:23
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
isdn incoming-voice modem
no cdp enable
!
interface FastEthernet0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex full
!
router eigrp 1
network 192.168.121.0
redistribute connected
!
no ip classless
snmp-server community public RO
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
scheduler interval 1000
end
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 48 of 80
Austin 4700 WAN Aggregation Router
Current conguration:
!
version 11.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Austin_4700_WAN
!
enable secret cisco
enable password test
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.168.121.5 255.255.255.248
no mop enabled
!
interface Ethernet1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet2
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet3
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet4
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet5
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial0
ip address 192.168.121.73 255.255.255.248
ip rtp header-compression
ip rsvp bandwidth 1158 1158
encapsulation ppp
no ip mroute-cache
fair-queue 64 256 1000
!
interface Serial1
ip address 192.168.121.65 255.255.255.248
ip rtp header-compression
ip rsvp bandwidth 1158 1158
encapsulation ppp
no ip mroute-cache
fair-queue 64 256 1000
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 49 of 80
!
interface Serial2
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial3
mtu 300
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface Serial3.100 multipoint
mtu 300
ip address 192.168.121.17 255.255.255.240
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.18 20 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.19 30 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.20 40 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
!
interface Serial3.101 multipoint
mtu 300
ip address 192.168.121.40 255.255.255.240
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.33 25 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.34 35 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.35 45 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
!
router eigrp 1
network 192.168.121.0
!
no ip classless
ip route 192.168.121.18 255.255.255.255 Serial3.100
ip route 192.168.121.19 255.255.255.255 Serial3.100
ip route 192.168.121.20 255.255.255.255 Serial3.100
ip route 192.168.121.80 255.255.255.248 192.168.121.35
ip route 192.168.121.88 255.255.255.248 192.168.121.33
ip route 192.168.121.96 255.255.255.248 192.168.121.34
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 50 of 80
San Diego Router (Frame Relay, 2 DLCIs)
Current conguration:
version 11.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname SanDiego_Router
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
ip domain-name Acme.com
ip name-server 192.168.6.1
ip name-server 192.168.6.2
!
dial-peer voice 6000 pots
destination-pattern +16089886000
port 1/0/0
!
dial-peer voice 6001 pots
destination-pattern +16089886001
port 1/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 6002 pots
destination-pattern +16089886002
port 1/1/0
!
dial-peer voice 6003 pots
destination-pattern +16089886003
port 1/1/1
!
dial-peer voice 6 pots
destination-pattern +6
port 2/0/0
!
dial-peer voice 66 pots
destination-pattern +6
port 2/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 666 pots
destination-pattern +6
port 2/1/0
!
dial-peer voice 6666 pots
destination-pattern +6
port 2/1/1
!
dial-peer voice 2 voip
destination-pattern +2
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.74
!
dial-peer voice 3 voip
destination-pattern +3
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.66
!
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 51 of 80
dial-peer voice 4 voip
destination-pattern +4
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.19
!
dial-peer voice 5 voip
destination-pattern +5
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.18
!
dial-peer voice 9 voip
destination-pattern +9
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.4
!
dial-peer voice 2000 voip
destination-pattern +12089882...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.74
!
dial-peer voice 3000 voip
destination-pattern +13089883...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.66
!
dial-peer voice 4000 voip
destination-pattern +14089884...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.19
!
dial-peer voice 5000 voip
destination-pattern +15089885...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.18
!
dial-peer voice 9000 voip
destination-pattern +18089888...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.4
!
num-exp 82... 12089882...
num-exp 83... 13089883...
num-exp 84... 14089884...
num-exp 85... 15089885...
num-exp 86... 16089886...
num-exp 88... 18089888...
!
voice-port 1/0/0
output attenuation 3
!
voice-port 1/0/1
output attenuation 3
!
voice-port 1/1/0
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 52 of 80
output attenuation 3
!
voice-port 1/1/1
output attenuation 3
!
voice-port 2/0/0
input gain 14
!
voice-port 2/0/1
input gain 13
!
voice-port 2/1/0
input gain 8
!
voice-port 2/1/1
input gain 11
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.121.81 255.255.255.248
no keepalive
!
interface Serial0/0
mtu 300
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
fair-queue 64 256 1000
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
mtu 300
ip address 192.168.121.20 255.255.255.248
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
frame-relay interface-dlci 140
frame-relay ip rtp header-compression
!
interface Serial0/0.2 point-to-point
mtu 300
ip address 192.168.121.35 255.255.255.240
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
frame-relay interface-dlci 145
frame-relay ip rtp header-compression
!
interface BRI0/0
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip address
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.121.40
ip route 192.168.121.4 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.19 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.18 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.66 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.74 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 53 of 80
!
!
snmp-server community public RO
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 54 of 80
London Router (PPP, RTP, RSVP)
version 11.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname London
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
ip domain-name Acme.com
ip name-server 192.168.6.1
ip name-server 192.168.6.2
!
dial-peer voice 3000 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 1/0/0
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3001 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 1/0/1
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3002 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 1/1/0
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3003 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 1/1/1
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3004 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 2/0/0
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3005 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 2/0/1
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3006 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 2/1/0
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3007 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 2/1/1
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3008 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 3/0/0
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3009 pots
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 55 of 80
destination-pattern +13089883
port 3/0/1
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3010 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 3/1/0
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3011 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 3/1/1
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 1/0/0
!
dial-peer voice 31 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 1/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 32 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 1/1/0
!
dial-peer voice 33 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 1/1/1
!
dial-peer voice 34 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 2/0/0
!
dial-peer voice 35 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 2/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 36 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 2/1/0
!
dial-peer voice 37 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 2/1/1
!
dial-peer voice 38 pots
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Page 56 of 80
destination-pattern +3
port 3/0/0
!
dial-peer voice 39 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 3/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 310 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 3/1/0
!
dial-peer voice 311 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 3/1/1
!
dial-peer voice 2 voip
destination-pattern +2
fax-rate 9600
req-qos controlled-load
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.74
!
dial-peer voice 4 voip
destination-pattern +4
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.19
!
dial-peer voice 5 voip
destination-pattern +5
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.18
!
dial-peer voice 6 voip
destination-pattern +6
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.20
!
dial-peer voice 9 voip
destination-pattern +9
fax-rate 9600
req-qos controlled-load
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.4
!
dial-peer voice 2000 voip
destination-pattern +12089882...
fax-rate 9600
req-qos controlled-load
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.74
!
dial-peer voice 4000 voip
destination-pattern +14089884...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.19
!
dial-peer voice 5000 voip
destination-pattern +15089885...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 57 of 80
session target ipv4:192.168.121.18
!
dial-peer voice 6000 voip
destination-pattern +16089886...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.20
!
dial-peer voice 9000 voip
destination-pattern +18089888...
fax-rate 9600
req-qos controlled-load
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.4
!
num-exp 82... 12089882...
num-exp 83... 13089883...
num-exp 84... 14089884...
num-exp 85... 15089885...
num-exp 86... 16089886...
num-exp 88... 18089888...
!
voice-port 1/0/0
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 1/0/1
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 1/1/0
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 1/1/1
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 2/0/0
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 2/0/1
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 2/1/0
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 2/1/1
operation 4-wire
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 58 of 80
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 3/0/0
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 3/0/1
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 3/1/0
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
voice-port 3/1/1
operation 4-wire
type 5
signal immediate
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.121.81 255.255.255.248
!
interface Serial0/0
ip address 192.168.121.66 255.255.255.248
ip rtp header-compression
ip rsvp bandwidth 1158 1158
encapsulation ppp
no ip mroute-cache
fair-queue 64 256 1000
!
interface BRI0/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/1
no ip address
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 59 of 80
shutdown
!
router eigrp 1
network 192.168.121.0
!
no ip classless
!
snmp-server community public RO
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end
Congurations Explained:
This section will explain the portions of CLI having to do with Voice over IP.
Conguration Information for ACME Corporation
Austin 5300 Voice over IP Gateway Conguration
Current conguration:
!
isdn switch-type primary-5ess
!
!
controller T1 0
framing esf
clock source internal
linecode b8zs
pri-group timeslots 1-24
!
dial-peer voice 3 voip
The dial-peer statement is used to map a particular telephony number or E.164 address to an IP address or physical port. The
number 3 is simply a placeholder and has only local signicance. The Voice Over IP keyword is used to denote that this is a dial
peer that points to an IP address with which to establish an H.323 session.
destination-pattern +3.......
The destination pattern is simply the phone number for this particular dial peer. As shown, wild cards can be used.
req-qos controlled-load
This activates RSVP to request a controlled-load service when this dial peer is used.
fax-rate 9600
If a fax machine is used on for this particular dial peer it will be hard-coded to 9600 baud. This band can be set to 1200, 2400,
9600, and 14,400 baud. It is recommended to set the maximum allowable speed your fax machines can handle.
ip precedence 5
This sets the IP precedence of every voice packet using this dial peer to IP precedence 5 (critical)
session target ipv4:192.168.121.66
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 60 of 80
This is the IP address with which an H.323 session is made for this dial peer.
!
dial-peer voice 6 voip
destination-pattern +6.......
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.20
!
dial-peer voice 3000 voip
destination-pattern +13089883...
req-qos controlled-load
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.66
!
dial-peer voice 6000 voip
destination-pattern +16089886...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.20
!
dial-peer voice 9 pots
The keyword basic telephone service in the dial-peer statement signies a local physical port.
destination-pattern +9.......
direct-inward-dial
Direct-inward-dial tells the Cisco IOS software to use the incoming called number as the end destination number. (In other words,
If the called number is noted as 13089883000 in the Q.931 setup message, then that will be the nal destination number and no
secondary dial tone will be given).
port 0:D
Since this conguration uses ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI), all call information will be received from the D channel.
!
dial-peer voice 99 pots
destination-pattern +1808988....
direct-inward-dial
port 1:D
prefix 18089888
The prex command is used to add a string of digits on any outgoing call placed through this dial-peer.
!
num-exp 86... 16089886...
Number expansion is used to assist in shortening the numbering plan. Wild cards can also be used with number expansion.
!
voice-port 0:D
!
voice-port 1:D
!
voice-port 2:D
!
interface Serial0:23
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
isdn incoming-voice modem
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 61 of 80
In order for incoming voice calls to be answered by the voice over IP module in the Cisco 5300, this command must be used to send
the calls to the voice over IP carrier card.
no cdp enable
!
end
Austin Cisco 4700 WAN Aggregation Router
Current conguration:
!
hostname Austin_4700_WAN
!
interface Serial1
ip address 192.168.121.65 255.255.255.248
ip rtp header-compression
IP RTP enables RTP header compression.
ip rsvp bandwidth 1158 1158
The IP RSVP bandwidth statement allocates the amount of bandwidth you want available for RSVP applications.
encapsulation ppp
no ip mroute-cache
fair-queue 64 256 1000
This scenario enables WFQ on the interface.
!
interface Serial2
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial3
mtu 300
The MTU must be set on the main interface; it is then carried down to the subinterface.
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
!
interface Serial3.100 multipoint
mtu 300
ip address 192.168.121.17 255.255.255.240
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.18 20 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.19 30 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
frame-relay map ip 192.168.121.20 40 broadcast CISCO rtp header-compression active
This is a standard Frame Relay map statement, but it forces RTP header compression for these DLCIs.
!
!
no ip classless
ip route 192.168.121.18 255.255.255.255 Serial3.100
ip route 192.168.121.19 255.255.255.255 Serial3.100
ip route 192.168.121.20 255.255.255.255 Serial3.100
These static routes send any packet destined for a router to the voice DLCIs.
ip route 192.168.121.80 255.255.255.248 192.168.121.35
ip route 192.168.121.88 255.255.255.248 192.168.121.33
ip route 192.168.121.96 255.255.255.248 192.168.121.34
These static routes send any trafc destined for these networks to the data DLCIs.
!
end
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 62 of 80
San Diego Router (Frame Relay, 2 DLCIs)
version 11.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname SanDiegoRouter
!
dial-peer voice 9000 voip
destination-pattern +18089888...
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.4
!
voice-port 1/0/0
output attenuation 3
Output attenuation on an FXS interface connecting to a handset should
normally be set to 3 dB.
!
voice-port 2/0/0
input gain 14
The input gain on a particular interface should be adjusted according to the Voice Tuning section explained earlier in this design
guide.
!
interface Serial0/0
mtu 300
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
fair-queue 64 256 1000
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
mtu 300
ip address 192.168.121.20 255.255.255.248
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
frame-relay interface-dlci 140
frame-relay ip rtp header-compression
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.121.40
There is no dynamic routing protocol on this network because bandwidth is preserved for actual voice and data. A static default
route is congured to send all trafc to the data DLCI.
ip route 192.168.121.4 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.19 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.18 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.66 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
ip route 192.168.121.74 255.255.255.255 192.168.121.17
Any trafc destined to a specic host router will be sent through the voice DLCI.
!
end
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 63 of 80
London Router (PPP, RTP, RSVP)
version 11.3
no service password-encryption
!
hostname London
!
!
dial-peer voice 3000 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 1/0/0
prefix 83
The prex command allows a numerical string to be added to any outgoing called numbers on this interface.
!
dial-peer voice 3001 pots
destination-pattern +13089883
port 1/0/1
prefix 83
!
dial-peer voice 3 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 1/0/0
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 64 of 80
It is possible to use multiple dial peers to congure one interface. So in effect, one interface can have multiple dial peers attached
and give that interface multiple personalities.
!
dial-peer voice 31 pots
destination-pattern +3
port 1/0/1
!
dial-peer voice 6 voip
destination-pattern +6
fax-rate 9600
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.20
!
dial-peer voice 9 voip
destination-pattern +9
fax-rate 9600
req-qos controlled-load
Calls placed to the Cisco 5300 will request specic QoS using RSVP controlled-load service.
ip precedence 5
session target ipv4:192.168.121.4
!
voice-port 1/0/0
operation 4-wire
This scenario congures this E&M interface to four- wire operation.
type 5
This command congures this E&M interface to use signal type V.
signal immediate
This command congures this E&M interface to use immediate signaling.
!
end
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 65 of 80
Voice over IP miscellaneous Information and Specications for Cisco 3600 Module
To determine the amount of bandwidth used across various topologies using various compression methods, see Table 5.
Note: Fax rates given were tested at 2400, 4800, and 9600 baud.
To determine the actual amount of bandwidth consumed by each encapsulation type matched with each codec type, use the
following formula:
Multiply byte count by 8 to obtain the bit count. Then multiply the result by 50 to obtain the bits per second.
Example:
G.729 with RTP Header Compression over Frame Relay
The chart gives a 28-byte frame. There are 8 bits in a byte.
28 x 8 = 224
The voice over IP implementation sends out a frame every 20 milliseconds; this is equivalent to 50 packets per second.
224 x 50 = 11,200 bps
or 11.2 kbps
This packet rate is for the voice trafc itself it does not count the H.323 setup, RSVP trafc, RTCP, or other protocol-related
information (Local Management Interface [LMI], PPP hello, and so on). This is the amount of bandwidth consumed if only one
speaker is talking and VAD is enabled. If speakers are talking at the same time or VAD is not utilized, then this 11.2-kbps stream
needs to be doubled. If background noise is signicant enough, VAD is not able to distinguish the background noise from the speech,
and packets are transmitted, consuming backwidth, even though there is no speech.
Memory Information:
Cisco 3600 Voice over IP
Static image size:
1 MB larger that non-voice over IP image of same name; most of the size increase is due to static tables in the Abstract Syntax
Notation One (ASN.1) code.
Processor Memory:
With voice and a small IP network, 18 MB of processor memory and 6 MB of I/O memory are sufcient; 32 MB is the recommended
amount for voice over IP and all plus images.
Allocated Memory:
20 KB per system + 3 KB per voice port
10 KB per active call
1.5 KB per call history record (includes both call legs)
2.5 KB per dial peer
Table 5 Packet Sizes with Various Compression Schemes and Topologies
G.729 G.711 G.729 w/CRTP G.711 w/CRTP
Frame Relay 66-byte frame 206-byte frame 28-byte frame 168-byte frame
with fax 66-byte frame 66-byte frame 28-byte frame 28-byte frame
PPP 66-byte frame 206-byte frame 28-byte frame 168-byte frame
with fax 66-byte frame 66-byte frame 28-byte frame 28-byte frame
HDLC 66-byte frame 206-byte frame 28-byte frame 168-byte frame
with fax 66-byte frame 66-byte frame 28-byte frame 28-byte frame
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 66 of 80
Delay Information:
Table 6 is given to allow you to plan your voice network properly. If you know a specic link is going to add more delay than
suggested, you need to nd another place in the network to make up for the lost time or adjust the quality expectation of the
customer.
Maximum congurable jitter buffer (playout buffer)
G.711 voice200 ms
G.711 fax300 ms
G.729 voice1360 ms
G.729 fax300 ms
Table 6 Delay Points in a Voice OVer IP Network
Delay Cause Description
~20 ms Coder delay Algorithmic delay plus processing delay with G.729
~20 ms Packetization/framing 2 x 10 ms frames
12 ms Move to I/O queue
<10 ms Queue delay Varies, based upon congestion and priority scheme
~10 ms Access (up) link transmission Slow links cause greatest problems
<70 ms Backbone network transmission Physical limits, distance, speed of light
<10 ms Access (down) link transmission If end destination is slow bandwidth link
~1-2 ms Input queue to application
~20-40 ms Jitter buffer This can be very large, depending upon network jitter
0 ms Coder processing delay Minimal with G.729
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 67 of 80
Appendix A
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
4w E&M
PBX
Si gnal i ng Si de
Typi cal PBX t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Type 1Application
Trunki ng Si de
48v
48v
On-hook
E
pi n 1
RJ-45 Socket
M at i ng Face
(E&M VIC)
E
7
M
2
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 68 of 80
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
4w E&M
PBX
Si gnal i ng Si de
Typi cal PBX t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Type 2Application
Trunki ng Si de
48v
48v
E
SG
pi n 1
RJ-45 Socket
M at i ng Face
(E&M VIC)
E
7
M
2
SB
1
SG
8
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
pt c
SB
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Det ect
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
C bank
Trunki ng Si de
Back-t o-Back Channel Bank t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Trunki ng Si de
48v
48v
E
SG
E
7
M
2
SB
1
SG
8
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
pt c pt c
SB
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Det ect Det ect
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 69 of 80
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
PBX
Si gnal i ng Si de
Typi cal PBX t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Type 3Application
Trunki ng Si de
48v
On-hook
48v
pt c
E
pi n 1
RJ-45 Socket
M at i ng Face
(E&M VIC)
E
7
SG SG
8
M
2
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
SB
1
SB
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 70 of 80
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
PBX
Si gnal i ng Si de
Typi cal PBX t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Type 4Application
Trunki ng Si de
48v
48v
E
SG
pi n 1
RJ-45 Socket
M at i ng Face
(E&M VIC)
E
7
M
2
SB
1
SG
8
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
SB
T
R
T1
R1
48v
Audi o
Audi o
Det ect
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
C bank
Trunki ng Si de
Back-t o-Back Channel Bank t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Trunki ng Si de
48v
E
SG
E
7
M
2
SB
1
SG
8
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
SB
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Det ect Det ect
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 71 of 80
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
PBX
Si gnal i ng Si de
Typi cal PBX t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Type 5Application
Trunki ng Si de
48v
48v
48v
E
pi n 1
RJ-45 Socket
M at i ng Face
(E&M VIC)
E
7
M
2
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
C bank
Back-t o-Back Channel Bank t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Trunki ng Si de Trunki ng Si de
48v
E E
7
M
2
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Det ect
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 72 of 80
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
PBX
Not e t hat t hi s t ype
shows t hat cont act s
are cl osed f or on-hook,
so t he channel i s busy
when t he l i ne breaks
Si gnal i ng Si de
Typi cal PBX t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Type SSDC5A Application
Trunki ng Si de
48v
48v
E
pt c
pi n 1
RJ-45 Socket
M at i ng Face
(E&M VIC)
E
7
M
2
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
Rout er
VNM
EM VIC
Trunk
E&M
C bank
Back-t o-Back Channel Bank t o Rout er wi t h Voi ce Appl i cat i on
Trunki ng Si de Trunki ng Si de
48v
48v
E E
7
M
2
R1
4
T1
5
R
3
T
6
Det ect
Det ect
Audi o
Audi o
M
T
R
T1
R1
Audi o
Audi o
On-hook
On-hook
On-hook
On-hook
pt c pt c
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 73 of 80
Appendix B
Introduction
A fax over packet application enables the interworking of standard fax machines with packet networks. It accomplishes this by
extracting the fax image from an analog signal and carrying it as digital data over the packet network. This paper references a
general class of packet networks, since the modular software objects allow networks such as ATM, Frame Relay, and Internet (IP),
to be used to transport the fax. Currently, the Frame Relay Forum is the only packet network standards body that has dened a
protocol for transmission of fax over a packet network. However, the principles described are equally applicable to ATM and IP
networks.
An overview of a software architecture utilizing Embedded Communication Objects (ECOs) that supports fax over packet
applications is presented, and a system is described for sending fax image data and signaling information over the packet network.
ECOs are real-time software and hardware modules that can be dynamically congured to provide exibility and scalability in
communication systems. Customers can gain a considerable advantage in time to market by using ECOs in building their
communication systems.
Applications
There are tremendous opportunities for cost savings by transmitting fax calls over packet networks. Fax data in its original form is
digital. However, it is modulated and converted to analog for transmission over the Public Swithced Telephone Network (PSTN).
This analog form uses 64 kbps of bandwidth in both directions.
The fax over packet interworking function (IWF) reverses this analog conversion, instead transmitting digital data over the
packet network, and then reconverting the digital data to analog for the receiving fax machine. This conversion process reduces the
overall bandwidth required to send the fax because the digital form is much more efcient and the fax transmission is half duplex
(that is, only one direction is used at any time). The peak rate for a fax transmission is 14.4 kbps in one direction. A representation
of this process is shown in Figure A-1.
This White Paper and the facsimile software described therein are
provided by Telogy Networks to Cisco under license agreements
from Telogy Networks. The White Paper and related software are
Telogy Networks copyrighted materials, and are subject to restrictions
in their respective license agreements and related non-disclosure
obligations. This White Paper may not be modified without prior written
permission from Telogy Networks, is for Cisco internal use only and may
not be transferred to any third party.
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 74 of 80
Figure A-1 Fax Over Packet Conversion Process
An application for fax over packet, shown in Figure 2, is a network conguration of a company with numerous branch
ofces that wants to use the packet network, instead of the long distance network, to provide fax access to the main ofce. The
Interworking Function (IWF) is the physical implementation of the hardware and software that enables the transmission of fax
over the packet network. It must support analog interfaces that directly interface to fax machines at the branches and to a PBX
at the central site. The Interworking Function must emulate the functions of a private branch exchange (PBX) for the fax machines.
Figure A-2 Fax Over Packet Application
PSTN Fax Call Procedure
This section describes the stages of a standard fax call over the PSTN so that the processing required for a reliable fax transmission
over a packet network can be explored. Fax machines in common use today implement the ITU T.30 and T.4 protocols. The T.30
protocol describes the formatting of nonpage data, such as messages that are used for capabilities negotiation. The T.4 protocol
describes formatting of page image data.
T.30 and T.4 have evolved substantially over time and are now quite complex because they attempt to describe the behavior of
an evolving set of fax machines. The timing related to the message interaction and phases of the call is critical and is one of the
major causes of problems in the transmission of fax over packet networks.
The PSTN fax call is divided into ve phases, as shown in Figure A-3. This example assumes that the call is accomplished
without errors. The procedure becomes somewhat more complicated if errors occur or if there is a need for modem retraining.
The ve phases include:
Call establishment
Control and capabilities exchange
Fax Over
Packet
IWF
Fax Over
Packet
IWF
Fax Fax
Fax inAnalogForm Fax inDigital Form
Fax Over Packet ConversionProcess
Fax inAnalogForm
64 Kbps
Ful l Dupl ex
14.4 Kbps
Hal f Dupl ex
64 Kbps
Ful l Dupl ex
ATM
Frame Rel ay
Int ernet
Home Of f i ces
PBX
IWF
IWF
IWF
Fax
Fax Fax
Fax
Packet
Net work
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 75 of 80
Page transfer
End-of-page and multipage signaling
Call release
Figure A-3 PSTN Fax Call Flow
Call Establishment
The fax call is established either through a manual process, where someone dials a call and puts the machine into fax mode, or by
automatic procedures, where no human interaction is required. In both cases, the answering fax machine returns an answer tone,
called a CED, which is the high-pitched tone that you hear when you call a fax machine. If the call is automatically dialed, the calling
station also indicates the fax call with a calling tone (CNG), which is a short, periodic tone that begins immediately after the number
is dialed. These tones are generated to allow a human participant to realize that a machine is present on the other end call. These
tones are sometimes used to recognize the presence of a fax call, although they are not a very reliable indication.
Control and Capabilities Exchange
The control and capabilities exchange phase of the fax call is used to identify the capabilities of the fax machine at the other end of
the call. It also negotiates the acceptable conditions for the call. The exchange of control messages throughout the fax call are sent
using the low-speed (300 bps) modulation mode.
PSTN Fax Call Flow
Of f hook Di al
Answer
Legend
Low Speed Dat a
Hi gh Speed Dat a
Cal l i ng Fax
M achi ne
Cal l i ng Fax
M achi ne
Send Cal l i ng Tone (CNB) i f aut omat i c di al i ng
Send Cal l ed St at i on ID Tone (CED)
Send DCS (Opt i onal NSF & CST)
Preambl e
Send DCS (Opt i onal TSP)
Preambl e
Hi gh Speed M odem Trai ni ng
TCP
Preambl e
Send Conf i rmat i on t o Reci eve (CFR)
Hi gh Speed M odem Trai ni ng
Preambl e
Send End of Page (EDP)
Preambl e
Send M essage Conf i rmat i on (M CF)
Preambl e
Send Di sconnect (DCN)
Cal l Rel ease
End of Page
and M ul t i -Page
Si gnal i ng
Page Transf er
Cont rol and
Capabi l i t i es
Exchange
Cal l
Est abl i shment
Fax Fax
Fax Page One
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 76 of 80
Every control message is preceded by a one-second preamble, which allows the communication channel to be conditioned for
reliable transmission.
The called fax machine begins the procedure by sending a Digital Identication Signal (DIS) message, which contains the
capabilities of the fax machine. An example of a capability that could be identied in this message is that the V.17 (14000-bps) data
signaling rate is supported. At the same time, the Called Subscriber Information (CSI) and Non-Standard Facilities (NSF) messages
are optionally sent. nonstandard facilities are capabilities that a particular fax manufacturer has built into a fax machine to
distinguish their product from others. They are not required to be supported for interoperability.
After the calling fax machine receives the DIS message, it determines the conditions for the call by examining its own
capabilities table. The calling machine responds with the digital command signal (DCS), which denes the conditions of the call.
At this stage, high-speed modem training begins. The high-speed modem is used in the next phase of the fax call to transfer
page data. The calling fax machine sends a training check eld (TCF) through the modulation system to verify the training and
ensure that the channel is suitable for transmission at the accepted data rate. The called fax machine responds with a conrmation
to receive (CFR), which indicates that all capabilities and the modulation speed are conrmed and the fax page may be sent.
Page Transfer
The high-speed modem is used to transmit the page data that has been scanned in and compressed. It uses the ITU T.4 protocol
standard to format the page data for transmission over the channel.
End-of-Page and Multipage Signaling
After the page has been successfully transmitted, the calling fax machine sends an end-of-procedures (EOP) message if the fax call
is complete and all the pages have been transmitted. If only one page has been sent and there are additional ones to follow, it sends
a multipage signal (MPS). The called machine would responds with message conrmation (MCF) to indicate that the message has
been successfully received and it is ready to receive more pages.
Call Release
The release phase is the nal phase of the call, where the calling machine sends a disconnect message (DCN). While the DCN
message is a positive indication that the fax call is over, it is not a reliable indication since the fax machine can disconnect
prematurely without ever sending the DCN message.
Quality of Service
The advantages of reduced cost and bandwidth savings of carrying fax over packet networks are associated with some quality of
service that which are unique to packet networks and can affect the reliability of the fax transmission. These issues are explored
next.
Timing
A major issue in the implementation of fax over packet networks is the problem of inaccurate timing of messages caused by delay
through the network. The delay of fax packets through a packet network causes the precise timing that is required for many portions
of the fax protocol to be skewed; this delay can result in the loss of the call. The fax over packet protocol in the interworking
function must compensate for the loss of a xed timing of messages over the packet network so that the T.30 protocol operates
without error.
There are two sources of delay in an end-to-end fax over packet call: network delay and processing delay.
Network delay is caused by the physical medium and protocols that are used to transmit the fax data and by buffers used to
remove packet jitter on the receiving end. This delay is a function of the capacity of the links in the network and the processing that
occurs as the packets transit the network. The jitter buffers add delay when they remove the packet delay variation of each packet
as it transits the packet network. This delay can be a signicant part of the overall delay since packet delay variations can be as high
as 70 to 100 msec in some Frame Relay networks, and even higher in IP networks.
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 77 of 80
Processing delay is caused by the process of demodulating and collecting the digital fax information into a packet for
transmission over the packet network. The encoding delay is a function of both the processor execution time and the amount of
data collected before sending a packet to the network. Low-speed data, for instance, is usually sent out with a single byte per packet
since the time to collect a byte of information at 300 bps is 30 milliseconds.
Jitter
Delay issues are compounded by the need to remove jitter, a variable interpacket timing caused by the network that a packet
traverses. An approach to removing the jitter is to collect packets and hold them long enough so that the slowest packets to arrive
are still in time to be played in the correct sequence. This approach, however, causes additional delay. In most fax over packet
protocols, a time stamp is incorporated in the packet to ensure that the information is played out at the proper instant.
Lost Packet Compensation
Lost packets can be an even more severe problem, depending on the type of packet network that is being used. In a voice over packet
application, the loss of packets can be addressed by replaying last packets and other methods of interpolation. A fax over packet
application, however, has more severe constraints on the loss of data since the fax protocol can fail if information is lost. This
problem varies depending on the type of fax machine used and whether the error correction mode is enabled.
Two schemes that are used by fax over packet software to address the problems of lost frames follow:
Repeating information in subsequent frames so that the error can be corrected by the receivers playout mechanism
Using an error-correcting protocol such as TCP to transport the fax data at the expense of added delay
Fax over Packet Software Architecture
The facsimile interface unit (FIU) is the software ECO that resides within a fax over packet interworking function. It demodulates
voice-band signals from an analog interface and converts them to a digital format that is suitable for transport over a packet
network. It also remodulates data received from the packet network and transmits it to the analog interface. In doing so, the FIU
performs protocol conversion between group 3 facsimile protocols and the digital facsimile protocol employed over the packet
network.
The fax interface unit, shown in Figure A-4, consists of the following three units:
Fax modem unit frequency modulation [FM]: processes pulse code modulation (PCM) samples based on the current
modulation mode and supports the following functions:
V.21 channel 2 (300-bps) binary signaling modulation and demodulation
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) framing (0-bit insertion/removal, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generation/checking)
V.27 ter (2400/4800-bps) high-speed data modulation and demodulation
V.29 (7200/9600-bps) high-speed data modulation and demodulation
V.17 (14,390-bps) high-speed data modulation
CED detection and generation
CNG detection and generation
V.21 channel 2 detection
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 78 of 80
Figure A-4 Fax Over Packet Module
The fax protocol unit (FP) compensates for the effects of timing and lost packets caused by the packet network. The FP prevents
the local fax machine from timing out while waiting for a response from the other end by generating HDLC ags. If, after a timeout,
the response from the remote fax machine is not received, it also sends a CRP frame (command repeat) to resend the frame. This
unit monitors the facsimile transaction timing, the direction of current transmission, and the proper modem conguration. It
performs:
Protocol processing (group 3 facsimile)
Examination/alteration of binary signaling messages to ensure compatibility of the facsimile transfer with the constraints of the
transmission channel
Network channel interface data formatting
Line state transitions
The fax network driver unit (FND) assembles and disassembles fax packets to be transmitted over the network and is the interface
unit between the FP and the network modules. The fax packets are formatted to be carried as a voice payload to the network
modules. The control information packets consist of header and time stamp information. In the direction of the pulse code
modulation (PCM) to the packet network, the FND collects the specied number of bytes and transmits the packet to the network.
In the receive direction, the FND provides data with the proper timing (as generated on the transmit side and reproduced through
the received time-stamp information) to the rest of the FIU. The FND delays the data in order to remove timing jitter from the packet
arrival times and performs:
Formatting of control information
Formatting of fax data
Properly timed playout of data
Elastic (slip) buffering
Fax Summary
A fax over packet software architecture using Embedded Communication Objects (ECOs) has been described for the interworking
of fax machines and packet networks. Some of the key features enabling this application to function successfully follow:
An approach that addresses the effect of delay through the network
A process that minimizes the effect of jitter
Features that address lost packet compensation
Though the quality of service issues associated with carrying fax over packet networks are signicant, the future of this approach
will be driven by the substantial cost savings and exciting applications made possible with fax over packet software technology.
PCM
Int erf ace
Real Ti me
Operat i ng
Envi ronment
Cont rol
Uni t
Fax
M odem
Uni t
Fax
Prot ocol
Uni t
Fax Int erf ace Uni t (FIU)
Fax Over Packet Module
Fax
Net work
Dri ver
Uni t
Packet
Voi ce
Prot ocol
Fax
To Packet
Net work
Seri al
Port
Cisco Condential
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 79 of 80
End of Appendix B and the Telogy Fax over Packet white paper.
Summary
This design implementation guide has covered a very broad and far-reaching topic known as packet voice. This guide has covered
the basics in H.323, voice, fax, packet voice, and fax as well as the necessary quality-of-service information to design the next level
in voice networks. This however, is just the beginning of what you will need to learn to design, implement, and deploy these
next-generation voice networks. For more information, see the suggested reading list.
Suggested Reading
Pecar, Telecommunications Factbook.
McGraw-Hill; (sbn: 0-07-049183-6).
Good detail on PBX networks, PSTN, and analog and digital technology
Bezar, LAN Times Guide to Telephony.
McGraw-Hill; (isbn: 0-07-882126-6).
A mixture of CTI, telephony, and data communications
Telephony Reference Books:
Newton, Newtons Telecom Dictionary; 12th ed.
Flatiron Publishing isbn; (isbn: 1-57820-008-3).
Minoli, Telecommunications Technology Handbook
Artech House; (isbn: 0-89006-425-3).
Freeman, Telecommunication System Engineering; third ed.
Wiley; (isbn: 0-471-13302-7.)
Freeman, Reference Manual for Telecommunications Engineering, second ed.
Wiley; (isbn: 0-471-57960-2.)
Cover almost everything in the telco world; the next level up/down is then the ITU specications.
Books by detailed topic:
Schaphorst, Videoconferencing & Videotelephony: Technology & Standards.
Artech House (isbn: 0-89006-844-5)
Details of H.320, H.323, H.324
Trulove, A guide to fractional T1.
Artech House; (isbn: 0-89006-524-1).
Black, The V Series Recommendations.
McGraw-Hill; (isbn: 0-07-005592-0).
Everything you need to know about V.x modem, ISDN standards
Kessler, ISDN; Concepts, Facilities and Services; 3rd ed.
McGraw-Hill; (isbn: 0-07-034249-0)
ISDN in detail, including relationship to ATM, Frame Relay, SMDS,...
Russell, Signaling System #7.
McGraw-Hill; (isbn: 0-07-054991-5).
Ginsburg, ATM; Solutions for enterprise interworking.
Addison-Wesley; (isbn: 0-201-87701-5)
Excellent ATM 101 to detailed, with good historical overview
Copyright 1998 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Cisco IOS is a trademark, and Catalyst, Cisco, Cisco Systems, and the Cisco Systems logo are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.
in the U.S. and certain other countries. All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. 9802R 3/98LW
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Tel: 408 526-4000
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Recognition
There were many people responsible for contributing to this guide. I would like to thank James Murphy, Mike Knappe, Cary
Fitzgerald, Tony Gallagher, David Oran, Fred Baker, Gavin Jin, Herb Wildfeur, Mark Rumer, Jas Jain, and Mark Monday for their
contributions to this design guide. I would also like to thank Telogy Networks for allowing use of their Fax over Packet White paper
in this guide.