Bio-Filter

Waste Water Treatment Technology

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The Nation Faces Two Severe Problems

a) Water Scarcity
b) Sewage / Waste Water Disposal
A) Water Scarcity Challenge:

1. 70% of India would be water stressed by 2020.

2. The Water availability will be highly skewed.

3. The urban need of water is increasing , need to transfer from long distance, availability will also be limited /
costly.


Background
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B) Sewage/Waste Water Disposal Challenge:

Government report on Urban and Industrial Water Supply and Sanitation for Five year plan (2012-17) highlights
the following points about waste water in India :

1. No Indian city is in position to boast of complete sewerage system which can keep up with sanitation and
pollution challenge.

2. If sewerage systems are not comprehensive-spread across the city to collect, convey and intercept waste of all-
than the pollution will not be under control.

3. Waste water treatment is important not only for controlling pollution but recycle & reuse will be important.

4. Waste water is not only limited to industries, urban centers, town but the problem is emerging in small towns
& villages.




Background
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1. Industrial Waste Water

Industrial Waste Water Treatment is:

1. Very specific to type of waste water
2. Highly cost intensive and
3. Not able to meet the standard norms.

2. Sewerage

The sewage treatment system are:

1. Capital intensive ( Rs. 1.0 Cr. to 3.0 Cr. /MLD & still costly for smaller capacities less than 25 MLD)
2. High on operating & maintenance cost
3. Not able to treat at desired efficiency & quality. (As per CSE report currently most of the cities do not
have STPs and wherever installed, not working to the desired level)
Current Situation
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Decentralized wastewater Treatment can be smart alternative for considering new systems or modifying,
replacing, or expanding existing waste water systems.

Advantages of Decentralized STP:

1. Can be stand alone arrangements for many parts/wards of the city or scattered settlements
2. Easy to handle, operate and maintain
3. Better public participation and acceptance
4. Cost saving in sewage collection piping and in transportation as well as treated water transportations.
(Treated water can be reused locally for landscapes / trees / washing and for flushing)
5. Better adoption to local contexts and needs
6. Cost- effective and efficient
7. Needing smaller areas for treatment
8. Chances of failure almost nil
9. Can replace septic tanks


Decentralized Treatment Systems
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Bio-filter is emerging as an environmentally sustainable, economically viable & socially acceptable
technology.

It uses the ability of the earthworms and beneficial microbes to break down organic waste present in the
waste water and transform it into worm-cast.

It is a natural way of recycling nutrients and removal of toxins.

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Biofilter is a bed of organic material which supports worms (microbes) that break down solid and convert to
carbon dioxide , water and nutrients.
Bio-filter Technology is a synthesis process, which harnesses the energy, carbon and other elements of the
waste and converts them to precious Bio-nutritional" products like energy rich humus & bio-fertilizer and
nutrient rich water.
It involves removal of organic matter by adsorption & filtration followed by biological degradation and oxy-gen
supply by natural aeration to the treatment system.

Concept
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Bio filtration as a principle originates from the fact that consortium of bacteria is developed for feeding on the
substrate and thus for further microbial colonization.

During this process, the important plant nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and calcium present
in the feed material are converted through microbial action into forms that are much more soluble and bio-
available to the plants. The treated water is almost Disinfected during the process.

Earthworms act as media to hosts millions of microbes which helps in fast decomposition organic matters in
sewage /industrial waste water .

The solids fed in by Earthworms converts in useful compost which is rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)

Biofilter Process
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1. It reduces the cost of collection / transportation / treatment /

2. No Odor / No Sludge Formation / Hygienic process acceptability of local people for sight of the plant is
very high.

3. Very Low operating and maintenance costs. Treated water can be marketed for reuse.

4. It can be tailored made for each situation / land availability.

5. Able to meet pollution norms for irrigation and additionally cost saving on artificial fertilizers.

6. Does not need qualified / highly skilled persons for monitoring.

Advantages

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Biofilter for Dairy Waste Water
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Waste Water is generated in dairy during pasteurization, homogenization and production of dairy products
such as butter, cheese, milk powder etc..
In CIP (Clean in place) process, a) Caustic Solution, b) Phosphoric acid/ Nitric acid, c) Sodium hypo-chlorite
are used which is eventually become a part of waste water.
Cleaning of dairy processing plants generate waste water contain detergent, sanitizers, base, salts and organic
matter.
The characteristics of waste water changes season to season and products to products .
Dairy waste contain organic matter like fat, proteins , carbohydrates and nutrients mainly nitrogen
phosphorous.
It contain high BOD, COD, Turbidity and high TDS.





Dairy Waste Water
Collection
BOD: 4500-9000 PPM
COD: 5500-12000 PPM
Turbidity: >1000 NTU

BFT
(Earthworms & beneficial
microbes)
Treated Water Collection
BOD: 30-100 PPM
COD: 80-180 PPM
Turbidity: 15-30 NTU

Reuse for
agriculture or
industrial use
In aqua culture environment nitrogen is of primary concern as a component of waste product generated by
rearing fish.

The source of nitrogen waste urea , uric acid, and amino acid excreted by the fish , organic debris from dead
and dying organisms , uneaten feed and feces and nitrogen gas from the atmosphere.

Fish expel various nitrogenous waste products through
1.Gill Diffusion, 2.Gill Cation Exchange ,3.Urine and Feces

Biofilter remove toxicity of ammonia by nitrification process




Biofilter for Fisheries Waste Water
Ammonia
Oxidation
Nitrite
Oxidation
Nitrate
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Conventional STP/ETP
(Activated Sludge Process)
Bio-filtration Technology

Comparative

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Assessment Of Technology Options For Sewage Treatment Plant

Criteria
Transchem -
Biofilter ASP UASB+EA SBR MBBR MBR WSP
Performance in Terms of Quality of Treated Sewage
Potential of Meeting TSS,BOD and
COD Discharge Standards
++++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++
Potential of Total / Fecal Coliform
Removal
++++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++
Potential of DO in Effluent

++++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
Potential for Nitrogen Removal
(Nitrification)
++++ + + ++++ ++ ++ +
Potential for Phosphorous Removal
++++ + + ++++ ++ ++ +
Performance Reliability

++++ ++++ ++ ++ +++ ++++ ++

Impact of Effluent Discharge
Potential of No Adverse Impact on
Land, Surface Waters and Ground Water
++++ ++ ++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++
Low : + Medium : ++ High : +++ Very high : ++++
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Assessment Of Technology Options For Sewage Treatment Plant

Criteria
Transchem -
Biofilter ASP UASB+EA SBR MBBR MBR WSP

Potential for Economically Viable Resource Generation
Manure / Soil Conditioner

++++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + +
Economically Viable Electricity
Generation/Energy Recovery
0 + +++ + + + 0
Impact of STP
Potential of No Adverse Impacts on
Health of STP Staff/Locals
++++ ++ + +++ +++ +++ ++
Potential of No Adverse Impacts on
Surrounding Building/Properties
++++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++++
Potential of Low Energy Requirement
++++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++++
Potential of Low Land Requirement
+++ ++ ++ +++ +++ ++++ +
Potential of Low Capital Cost and
Recurring cost
++++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++++
Potential of Low Level of Skill in
Operation and Maintenance
++++ +++ +++ +++ ++ + ++++
Low : + Medium : ++ High : +++ Very high : ++++
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Cost Comparison for various Technologies for Sewage Treatment Plant

Sr
No
Assessment
Parameter/Technology
Transchem -
Bio Filter
ASP MBBR SBR
UASB+E
A
MBR WSP
1

(I) Capital Cost
Average Capital Cost
(Secondary Treatment)
+ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++++ +
2

(II) Area Requirements

Average Area, m2/MLD
Secondary Treatment +
Secondary sludge handling
550 900 450 450 1000 450 6000
Low : + Medium : ++ High : +++ Very high : ++++
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(III) Operating Cost ( per MLD)
1

Power Cost
+ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++++ 0
2 Annual Repairs costs + +++ ++ ++ +++ ++++ +++
3 Chemical Cost/Additives + ++ ++ ++ +++ ++++ ++
4 Salary costs + ++++ ++++ ++ ++++ ++++ ++++
5 Annual O & M costs + +++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ ++
6 Approx . Treatment cost, Rs/KL 3.0-3.5 7.0 -7.80 7.50-8.00 6.00-6.50 6.50-7.00 10.00-10.50 6.00-6.50
Sr No Assessment Parameter/Technology

Transchem-
Bio Filter
ASP MBBR SBR UASB+EA MBR WSP
Cost Comparison for various Technologies for Sewage Treatment Plant

Low : + Medium : ++ High : +++ Very high : ++++
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Inside view of 800 KLD STP (Bhavnagar)
Comparison of Input and Output Water from Bhavnagar STP

BEFORE TREATMENT AFTER TREATMENT
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Parameters Before
Treatment
After Biofilter
Treatment
After R.O.
Treatment
Standard Norms for
Land Irrigation
pH 7.0-7.8 7.5-8.0 7.0 7.5 5.5-9.0
TDS (ppm) 1500-2000 1200-1800 < 200 2100
Turbidity (NTU) 40-100 <2.0 Nil
COD (ppm) 200-400 50 - 80 < 20 100
BOD (ppm) 100-200 10 - 20 < 5 30
DO (ppm) Nil 3-4
Colour Dark Grey Pale Yellow Clear White
Odour Strong Odourless Odourless
Bio-Assay
--
100% survival of fish after
96 hours
90% Survival of Fish
after 96 hours
Fecal Coliforms
(MPN/100ml)
> 10
6
< 10
3
< 100

< 10
3
Average Results Obtained (Bhavnagar)
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Parameters Before
Treatment
After
Treatment
NH4 -N(ppm) 25-40 <1.0
NO3 (ppm) 10-20 >50
Total P (ppm) 4-8 1-2
Available P (ppm) 1-2 5-7
Potassium (ppm) 10-15 20-25
Nutrient Conversion In Treated Water (Bhavnagar)
Considering the nutrient content in treated water as:
Available Nitrogen 50 mg/l
Available Phosphorous -- 7 mg/l &
Available Potassium 25 mg / I

And assuming 800 KLD treated water availability , the nutrient availability would be:
Nitrogen 40 Kgs/day i.e. 14000 Kgs/annum eq. to 28 Tons of Urea
Phosphorous 5.6 Kgs/day i.e. 2000 Kgs/annum eq. to 4.0 Tons of DAP
Potassium 20 Kgs/day i.e. 7000 Kgs/annum eq. to 12.0 Tons of Potash
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Modular Biofilter Plant
Capacity of Plant :
10 KLD up to 30 KLD
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Sewage Treatment Plants Installed
Sr.
No
Name & Location Kind of waste
water
Cap. In
KLD
Before Treatment Water
Quality
Treated Water
Quality
% COD
Reduction
1 Excel Crop Care Ltd,
Bhavnagar
Sewage 800 BOD: 100-200 PPM
COD: 200-400 PPM
Turbidity: 40-100 NTU
BOD: 10-20 PPM
COD: 50-80 PPM
Turbidity: <2 NTU
80.0
2 M/s Transpek Industry
Ltd, Vadodara
Sewage 50 BOD: 100-200 PPM
COD: 200-400 PPM
Turbidity: 40-100 NTU
BOD: 10-20 PPM
COD: 50-80 PPM
Turbidity: <2 NTU
80.0
3 Agrocel, Kutch Sewage 25 BOD: 300-400 PPM
COD: 500-800 PPM
Turbidity: 200-250 NTU
BOD:20-30 PPM
COD: 80-100 PPM
Turbidity: 10-15 NTU
87.5
4 Sam Fine O Chem,
Rajkot
Sewage 10 BOD: 100-200 PPM
COD: 800-1200 PPM
Turbidity: 200-250 NTU
BOD: 18-20 PPM
COD: 50-80 PPM
Turbidity: <5 NTU
More than
90.0
5 Gharda Institute of
Technology, Chiplun
Sewage 30 BOD: 300-400 PPM
COD: 500-800 PPM
Turbidity: 200-250 NTU
BOD: 18-20 PPM
COD: 50-80 PPM
Turbidity: < 10 NTU
More than
90.0

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Food Industry Treatment Plants
Sr.
No
Name &
Location
Kind of
waste water
Cap. In
KLD
Before Treatment Water
Quality
Treated Water
Quality
%
COD
Reduct
ion
1 M/s Baroda
Dairy, Vadodara

Dairy waste
water

Onsite
Trials
BOD: 2500-8000 PPM
COD: 3500-10000 PPM
Turbidity: 700 - 1000 NTU
BOD: 30-80 PPM
COD: 80-150 PPM
Turbidity: 10-25 NTU
98.5
2 M/s Vimal Dairy,
Mehsana
Dairy waste
water

30 KLD
proposal

BOD: 4500-9000 PPM
COD: 5500-12000 PPM
Turbidity: >1000 NTU
BOD: 30-100 PPM
COD: 80-180 PPM
Turbidity: 15-30 NTU
98.5

3 M/s. Avani Food
products ,
Mehasana
Casein
Manufacturin
g
6 BOD: 2000-3000 PPM
COD: 2500-4000 PPM
Turbidity:90-100 NTU
BOD: 23-30 PPM
COD: 60-125 PPM
Turbidity:5-15 NTU
96.8
4 M/s Patanjali
Food Park,
Haridwar
Food
Processing
Waste water

Onsite
Trials

BOD: 1000-1200 PPM
COD: 1500-2000 PPM
BOD: 50-100 PPM
COD: 150-200 PPM
90.0
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Chemical Industry Treatment Plants
Sr.
No
Name & Location Kind of waste
water
Cap. In
KLD
Before Treatment
Water Quality
Treated Water
Quality
% COD
Reduction
1 M/s. Transpek,
Vadodara
Chemical waste
water
75 BOD: 1000 PPM
COD: 3500 PPM
Turbidity: 200-250 NTU
BOD: 50-100 PPM
COD: 150-200 PPM
Turbidity: < 5 NTU
94.2
2 M/s. Ajrakhpur Dyeing
& Printing Units, Kutch
Chemical &
Natural dye
50 BOD: 100-150 PPM
COD: 600-1500 PPM
Turbidity:200-400 NTU
BOD: <30 PPM
COD: 75-150 PPM
Turbidity:5-10 NTU
90
3 M/s. Vivekanand Rural
Development Institute,
Mandvi-Kutch
Dyes printing 2 BOD: 600-700 PPM
COD: 1500-2000 PPM
Turbidity:>1000 NTU
BOD: 15-30 PPM
COD: 150-200 PPM
Turbidity:5-10 NTU
90
4 M/s Dinesh Mills,
Ankaleshwar
Scouring Liquor
from woolen
Textile
Onsite
Trials
BOD: 17500-18000 PPM
COD: 20000-20500 PPM
Turbidity: >1000 NTU
BOD: 250 PPM
COD: 400 PPM
Turbidity: <10 NTU
95.6
5 M/s Phthalo colours,
Vapi
Dye Intermediate
waste water
Onsite
Trials
BOD: 2000 PPM
COD: 6560 PPM
Turbidity: 200-250 NTU
BOD: 50-100 PPM
COD: 150-200 PPM
Turbidity: <5 NTU
96.9
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Performance Certificate from Baroda Dairy and Vimal Dairy
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Success on Industrial Waste Water

Our technology is successful in following industrial effluents :

Dairy Effluent
Alcohol Distillery (Grain Based)
Food Processing waste water
Chemical processing waste water
Fisheries Industry
Dye & printing units waste water
Capsule Manufacturing units


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Contact Details
Contact Person:

Mr. Rajendra Shah (Business Head)
Mobile: +91 9558812967
Email: biofilterdivn@gmail.com


Mr. Mandar Prabhune (Technical Head)
Mobile: +91 9898508844
Email: mandarp@transpek.com
biofilterdivn@gmail.com






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Technical Advisors


Dr. Rajiv K Sinha (Technical Advisor)
Senior Associate Professor (Environmental Engineering),
Griffith University (Nathan Campus)
Brisbane, QLD-4111, Australia.

Shri. R.K.Sama ( Ex. Project Director, WASMO)
Mobile No. - 9825235749





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J udiciously Use the 5 P's (Petrol, Power, Paper, Plastic & Potable Water)

Embrace the 5 R's Rule (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle & Be Responsible)
everyday in Life about WASTE.
THANK YOU


Transchem Agritech Ltd.
B/10,Sahjanand Kutir Udhyog,
Mujmahuda, Vadodara 390020,Gujarat,
India
Tel.: 91-265-6542247
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