Name of Work : Trial

SPECIFIC GRAVITY & WATER ABSORPTION TEST (I S 2386 III/63)

Test 1 Test 2
Weigt of Pycnometer (gms) W1 664.5 670
Weigt of Pycnometer + Sand (gms) W2 1665 1654.5
Weigt of Pycnometer + Water +Sand (gms) W3 2185 2177.5
Weigt of Pycnometer + Water (gms) W4 1545 1544
W2-W1 W5 1000.5 984.5
W3-W4 (W4-W1)-(W3-W2) W6 360.5 351
Specific Gravity=(W2-W1)/(W2-W1)-(W3-W4) 2.78 2.80
Average Specific Gravity
WATER ABSORPTION TEST
Test 1 Test 2
Weigt of Saturated Aggregate in Air (gms) W1 1997 1325
Weigt of Oven Dried Aggregate (gms) W2 1972 1315
Weigt of water Absorbed (W3-W4) (gms) W3 25 10
Percent Water Absorption=W6/W4X100(%) 1.27 0.76
Average Aggregate Water Absorption(%)
Observations
2.79
1.01%
Observations
Name of Work : Trial
SPECIFIC GRAVITY & WATER ABSORPTION TEST (I S 2386 III/63)
Test 1 Test 2
Weigt of Saturated Aggregate + Basket in water (gms) W1 3000 2000
Weigt of Basket in water (gms) W2 500 500
Weigt of Saturated Aggregate in water (W1-W2) (gms) W5 2500 1500
Weigt of Saturated Aggregate in Air (gms) W3 3550 3000
Weigt of Oven Dried Aggregate (gms) W4 3501 2960
Weigt of water Absorbed (W3-W4) (gms) W6 49 40
Percent Water Absorption=W6/W4X100(%) 1.40 1.35
Average Aggregate Water Absorption(%)
Specific Gravity=W4/(W3-W5) 3.33 1.97
Average Specific Gravity 2.65
1.38
Observations
Name of Work : Trial
Weight of Sample Taken 1000 Gms
10 mm 0.00 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100 100
4.75 mm 92.00 9.20% 9.20% 90.80% 90.80 90.80
90--100 90--100
2.36 mm 43.00 4.30% 13.50% 86.50% 86.50 86.50
60--95 75--100
1.18 mm 150.00 15.00% 28.50% 71.50% 71.50 71.50
30--70 55--90
600 Micron 130.00 13.00% 41.50% 58.50% 58.50 58.50
15--34 35--59
300 Micron 110.00 11.00% 52.50% 47.50% 47.50 47.50
5--20 8--30
150 Micron 400.00 40.00% 92.50% 7.50% 7.50 7.50
0--10 0--10
Concluded Sand Zone
Name of Work :
Weight of Sample Taken 12530 Gms
63 mm 0.00 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100
40 mm 45.00 4.50% 4.50% 95.50% 95.50 95.50
95--100 100
20 mm 650.00 65.00% 69.50% 30.50% 30.50 30.50
30--70 95--100
10 mm 75.00 7.50% 77.00% 23.00% 23.00 23.00
10--35 25--55
4.75 mm 210.00 21.00% 98.00% 2.00% 2.00 2.00
0--5 0--10
40MM 20MM
Gradation of Course Aggregate
I.S.Sieve
Size MM
Weight
Retained in
Percent
Retained %
Cummulative
Percent
Percent
Passing %
Zone II
Gradation of Fine Aggregate
I.S.Sieve
Size MM
Weight
Retained in
Gms
Percent
Retained %
Cummulative
Percent
Retained %
Percent
Passing %
Zone I Zone II
Concluded Metal Size 20mm
100 100
90.80 90.80
90--100 95--100
86.50 86.50
85--100 95--100
71.50 71.50
75--100 90--100
58.50 58.50
60--79 80--100
47.50 47.50
12--40 15--50
7.50 7.50
0--10 0--15
Zone III Zone IV
Zone II
Name of Work:
1. Decide Grade of Concrete to be designed M25
2. Characteristic Strength required (Fck) 25N/sq.mm.
3. Maximum size of Aggregates #REF!
4. Degree of Quality Control Fair
5. Degree of Exposure Moderate -RCC
6. Minimum Cement Content (For Above Exposure as per table 5) 300Kg/Cum
7. Maximum water Cement Ratio (For Above Exposure as per table 5) 0.50
8. Degree of Workability 50 mm. Slump
9. Whether Plasticizer to be used No
1. Cement Used 43 Grade with 28 days strength 43N/sq.mm.
2. Specific Gravity of Cement 3.15
3. Specific Gravity of CA 2.65
4. Specific Gravity of FA 2.79
5. Water Absorption of CA 1.38
6. Water Absorption of FA 1.01
7. Sand Conforms ot Grading Zone Zone II
For Degree of QC Good and M25, K=4 Mpa
as per Para 4 ( Increase 1 Mpa for lower
5
Target Strenght is goven by Ft=Fck+KS 33.25Mpa
K= 1.65
C
Hence, for a target Mean strenght of 33.25Mpa W/C Ratio-0.42
Check
Whether, this water cement ration is less than permissible 0.50 ? 0.42
Yes.. Hence ok, use water cement ration as determined above
hence the water
content wiill be
In this case, . aggregates are used,
20MM
Lit/Cum-186
Since, Plasticizer is not used, no reduction in
water quantity is made.
0.42
443Kg/Cum
From Table 5, minimum cement content for Above exposure condition = 300Kg/Cum
Hence OK
Step C : Target Strength
STEP A : Design Stipulation
Step B : Test Data of Material : Tests to be Conducted in Laboratory
Note. It is not necessary to conduct cement testing first, and then carry out mix design.
You can also gety 28 days strenght of cement from manufactures test certificate (MTC). If
such certificate is niot available, you can always consider 28 days strenght as 43 or 53
N/sq.mm. for 43 or 53 grade respectively. in that case though, number of trails may
increase.
Concrete mix design(IS 10262-2009)
Step E : Calculation of Cement Content
Water Cement ratio
Cement Content = Water Content / Water Cement ratio -- kg/cu.m.
Step D : Selection Free Water Cement Ratio
Step E : Selection of Water Content
For a given target strength of concrete and 28 days strenght of cement, free WCR is
determined form following figure. Six curves are given for six ranges of 28 days cement
strength
Having decided the water cement ratio, next is to decide water content. Water content is
related to maximum aggregate size used. For - standard 50 mm. slump.
if Water cenment ratio exceeds 0.50 restrict it to 0.50 because it is the maximum water
cement ratio

Table 5
Exposure
Min.
Cement
Max. WCR Min.
Grade
Mild-RCC 300 0.55 M20
Moderate -RCC 300 0.50 M25
Severe -RCC 320 0.45 M30
Very severe -RCC 340 0.45 M35
Extreme -RCC 360 0.40 M40
ZoneIV Zone III Zone II Zone I
10 mm 0.5 0.48 0.46 0.44
20 mm 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.6
40 mm 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69
0.62
Furter water cement ration is Less than 0.50 hence correction will be
0.60
and thus vollume of sand will be 1-** 0.40
Now we know
Weight of Cement : 443 Kg/Cum
Weight of water : 186 Kg/Cum
volume of sand : 0.40 Cum
volume of coarse aggregate : 0.60 Cum
a. volume of concrete = 1 cum = a a= 1 Cum
b. volume of cement = Mass of cement / sp.gr.of cement * 1/1000 b= 0.1406 Cum
c. volume of water = Mass of water / sp.gr.of water * 1/1000 c= 0.186 Cum
d volume of all in aggregate = a-(b+c) d= 0.673 Cum
e. mass of coarse aggregate = d*vol. of CA * sp.gr of CA * 1000 1079 Kg
f. mass of fine aggregate = d*vol.of FA * sp.gr of FA *1000 744 Kg
Based on weights calculated determine mix proportion as follows
C : Cement content 443Kg/Cum Cement F.A. C.A. W.C. Ratio
FA : fine aggregate content 744Kg/Cum 1 1.68 2.44 0.42
CA : Coarse aggregate content 1079Kg/Cum
W : water content 186Kg/Cum
If aggregates are dry correction for water absorpton is to be applied as under Water content w.rt. Free WCT - 186Kg/Cum
Absorption of Aggregare = 1.38 %
Extra for WA of C. A.= 14.84 kg/cum
Absorption of Sand = 0.80 %
Sand content * WA Sand / 100 Extra for WA of Sand = 5.95 kg/cum W.C. Ratio
Total Water content 206.79 kg/cum 0.47
IS specify volume of coarse
aggregate depends on zone of
sand, but for 50 mm. standard
slump as follows
Step H : Determine Mix Proportion
Step F : Proportion of Coarse aggregate And Fine aggregate
Maximum Aggregate Size Volume of Coar. Aggre. for sand zone
Note - if water cement ratio is lower than 0.50 the proportionof volume of coarse
aggregate is varies at the rate of - / + 0.01 for every +- 0.05 change in water cement ratio
In this usingabove chart volume of coarse agregate is
0.01 * (0.50 - *) / 0.05 = ** and the corrected aggreagte contendt will be***-**=
Step J : Corrections for Absorption
Step G : Mix Calculation
Step L : Trials
Prepare mix using above mix proportion. Observe slump, texture cohesiveness, workaility of fresh
concrete. Make necessary adjustments based on observations. Take atleaset three trials by increasing
an / or decreasing the water cement ratio. For economy utilise miximum water cement ration. observe
7 days and 28 days strengths of cubes. finalise the mix based on strength.
Name of Work :
Consistancy of Standard Cement Paste(IS 4031(Part 4)-1988)
Sr.
No
.
Wt. of Cement( C ) Percentage of
Water
Quantity of
Water
Depth of Penetration
from bottom in MM
1
2
3
Setting Time of Cement (IS 4031(Part 5)-1988)
1 Wt. of Water in Gms
2 Wt. of Cement( C )in Gms
3 Time at which water is mixed with cement
3 Time at which needle( C ) fails to pierce the test block
4
A FInal Setting Time of Cement sample in minutes
B Initial Setting Time of Cement sample in minutes
Time at which needle (F) makes an impression while annual ring
fails to do so