CHASSIS

CHASSIS
Chassis is a French term and was initially used to denote the
frame parts or Basic
Structure of the vehicle.
It is the back bone of the vehicle. A vehicle with out body is
called Chassis. The components of the vehicle like Power
plant, Transmission System, Axles, Wheels and Tires,
Suspension, Controlling Systems like Braking, Steering etc.,
and also electrical systemparts are mounted on the Chassis
frame.
It is the main mounting for all the components including the
body. So it is also called as Carrying Unit.
Requirements of chassis
1) To carry load of the passengers or goods carried
in the body.
2) To support the load of the body, engine, gear
box etc.,
3) To withstand the forces caused due to the
sudden braking or Acceleration
4) To withstand the stresses caused due to the bad
road condition.
5) To withstand centrifugal force while cornering
CHASSIS
Main Components of Chassis
1) Frame: it is made up of long two members
called side members riveted together with
the help of number of cross members.
2) Engine or Power plant: It provides the source
of power
3) Clutch: It connects and disconnects the
power from the engine fly wheel to the
transmission system.
4) Gear Box
Main Components of Chassis
U Joint
Propeller Shaft
Differential
Frames
There are three types of frames :
(a) Conventional frame,
(b) Semi-integral frame, and
(c) Integral frame (or unit frame).
Conventional Frame
It is non-load carrying frame. The loads of the
vehicle are transferred to the suspensions by the
frame.
This suspension in the main skeleton of the
vehicle which is supported on the axles through
springs.
The body is made of flexible material like wood
and isolated frame by inserting rubber mountings
in between.
The frame is made of channel section or tubular
section of box section.
LADDER FRAME
So named for its resemblance to a ladder, the ladder frame
is the simplest and oldest of all designs. It consists merely
of two symmetrical rails, or beams, and crossmember
connecting them.
Originally seen on almost all vehicles, the ladder frame was
gradually phased out on cars around the 1940s in favor of
perimeter frames and is now seen mainly on trucks.
This design offers good beam resistance because of its
continuous rails from front to rear, but poor resistance to
torsion or warping if simple, perpendicular crossmembers
are used. Also, the vehicle's overall height will be higher
due to the floor pan sitting above the frame instead of
inside it.
LADDER FRAME
a) Channel Section - Good resistance to bending
b) Tabular Section - Good resistance to Torsion
c) Box Section - Good resistance to both
bending and Torsion
Perimeter Frame
Similar to a ladder frame, but the middle sections of the frame rails
sit outboard of the front and rear rails just behind the rocker
panels/sill panels. This was done to allow for a lower floor pan, and
therefore lower overall vehicle in passenger cars. This was the
prevalent design for cars in the United States, but not in the rest of
the world, until the uni-body gained popularity and is still used on
US full frame cars. It allowed for annual model changes introduced
in the 1950s to increase sales, but without costly structural
changes.
In addition to a lowered roof, the perimeter frame allows for more
comfortable lower seating positions and offers better safety in the
event of a side impact. However, the reason this design isn't used
on all vehicles is that it lacks stiffness, because the transition areas
from front to center and center to rear reduce beam and torsional
resistance, hence the use of torque boxes, and soft suspension
settings.
Semi-integral Frame
In this case the rubber mountings used in
conventional frame between frame and
suspension are replaced by more stiff
mountings.
Because of this some of the vehicle load is
shared by the frame also. This type of frame is
heavier in construction.
Backbone tube
Backbone chassis is a type of an automobile
construction chassis that is similar to the body-
on-frame design.
Instead of a two-dimensional ladder type
structure, it consists of a strong tubular backbone
(usually rectangular in cross section) that
connects the front and rear suspension
attachment areas. A body is then placed on this
structure.
Superleggera
An Italian term (meaning "super-light") for
sports-car construction using a three -
dimensional frame that consists of a cage of
narrow tubes that, besides being under the body,
run up the fenders and over the radiator, cowl,
and roof, and under the rear window;
it resembles a geodesic structure.
The body, which is not stress-bearing, is attached
to the outside of the frame and is often made of
aluminium.
Sub frame
The sub frame, or stub frame, is a boxed frame
section that attaches to a unibody. Seen
primarily on the front end of cars, it's also
sometimes used in the rear.
Both the front and rear are used to attach the
suspension to the vehicle and either may
contain the engine and transmission.
The most prolific example is the 1967-1981
Chevrolet Camaro.
Integral Frame or Frame-less
Construction
In this type of construction, there is no frame. It
is also called unitized frame-body construction.
In this case, the body shell and underbody are
welded into single unit. The underbody is made
of floor plates and channel and box sections
welded into single unit.
This assembly replaces the frame. This decreases
the overall weight compared to conventional
separate frame and body construction.
VARIOUS LOADS ACTING ON THE
FRAME
1) Short duration Load - While crossing a broken
patch.
2) Momentary duration Load - While taking a
curve.
3) Impact Loads - Due to the collision of the
vehicle.
4) Inertia Load - While applying brakes.
5) Static Loads - Loads due to chassis parts.
6) Over Loads - Beyond Design capacity.
BODY
BODY
According to Chassis design the body can
divided into
a) Conventional Type
b) Integral Type
c) Semi- Integral Type
BODY
According to other usage:
a) Light vehicle Bodies - cars, jeeps
b) Heavy vehicle Bodies Busses, Lorries
c) Medium vehicle Bodies - Vans, Metadoors
BODY
REQUIREMENTS OF BODIES FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF VECHILE are:
1) The body should be light.
2) It should have minimum number of components.
3) It should provide sufficient space for passengers and luggage.
4) It should withstand vibrations while in motion.
5) It should offer minimum resistance to air.
6) It should be cheap and easy in manufacturing.
7) It should be attractive in shape and colour.
8) It should have uniformly distributed load.
9) It should have long fatigue life
10) It should provide good vision and ventilation.