P3-11

BER Performance under Rician Fading Environments in Radio-on-Fiber

Ubiquitous Antenna Architecture
for Road-to-Vehicle Wireless CDM System
Shi n TAKAHASHI, Hideaki OHTSUKI , Katsutoshi TSUKAMOTO , and Shozo KOMAKI
Department of Communications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,
Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871 J apan
Tel: +81-6-6879-7717, Fax: +81-6-6879-7715, E-mail: sin3203@roms.comm.ene.osaka-u.a~.~
Abstract - This paper evaluates the BER performance
under Rician fading environment in radio-on-fiher
ubiquitous antenna architecture for Road-to-Vehicle
wireless CDM system. As a result, the BER perfom-
ance is improved in comparison with that of usi ng
single RBS wi thout SS radio transmission
scheme.
1. Introduction
Many traffic problems such as traffic jams, traffic
accidents, and environmental problems according to
them have motivated extensive research in Intelligent
Transport System (ITS) technology. Road-to-Vehicle
Communication (RVC) system is one of the key tech-
nologies in ITS. Using millimeter-wave band is con-
sidered since its large available bandwidth for provid-
ing high data transmission rate of various multimedia
communication services in RVC [1],[2]. However
there are many problems in using millimeter-wave
hand. One of them is the high free-space loss. The
cellular zones, hence, must he small, such as several
I O m. So, many radio base stations (RBSs) must he
needed and handovers will he frequent and handover
control will he quite complex.
Against these problems, it is suitable to use the ra-
dio-on-fiber (RoF) ubiquitous antenna architecture. In
this architecture, several RBSs are connected to one
CS by RoF links and the size of RBSs is small he-
cause each RES needs only a device to convert be-
tween optical signals and radio signals [4]. To realize
the seamless communication in this architecture, it has
been proposed the use of code division multiplexing
(CDM) radio transmission scheme, which can perform
soft handover, in [I]-[4]. This scheme, moreover, can
distinguish multipath fading signals each, and then
combines divided signals using a maximum ratio
combining diversity technique, such as the Rake di-
versity reception, hence receiving characteristic will
be improved. In [3], multipath Rayleigb and Rician
fading environment was considered, but the delay
between direct wave and scattered waves in Rician
fading environment wasnt considered. In line-of-site
communication, it can he considered birect wave and
scattered waves arrive all at once if the distance be-
tween the RBS and the MS is small, at the same time
if the distance between the RBS and the MS is larger,
it can be considered scattered waves arrive after direct
wave for some time.
-253-
I n this paper, we evaluate hit error rate (BEK) under
multipath Rayleigh and Rician fading envirnnrnents in
consideration of the delay between direct wave and
scattered waves in downlink by computer simulation.
2. System configuration and models
Fig. 1 RoF ubiquitous antenna architecture
Figure 1 illustrates the RoF ubiquitous antenna ar-
chitecture. In this architecture, several RBSs are con-
nected to control station (CS) by star type RoF link.
The CS equips all radio modulation and demodulation
units, and each RBS equips only O/E and E/O con-
verters.
Fig.2 shows the configuration for the downlink. The
CS employs QPSK modulation and direct spread
spectrum for CDM in the downlink. Then the RF SS
signals are converted into an optical intensity modu-
lated signal and transmitted to several RBSs through
RoF link. At each RBS, the optical signal is converted
into RF signal and transmitted to the mobile stations
(MSs). A MS received some RF signals propagated
through some paths from some RBSs. At the MS
modulator, sliding-carrelator despreads the received
signal, where these paths are optimally combined at
coherent Rake combiner performing maximum ratio
combining diversity. Finally. the optimal QPSK signal
is demodulated to the transmitted data.
Fig. 2 Configuration of downlink transmission
In this paper, we consider the following three types
of channel delay profiles between a RBS and a MS:
AWGNchannel with only a direct component.
Rayleigh fading channel with multiple indirect com-
ponents.
Rician fading channel type A with a direct component
and scattered components arriving simultaneously.
Rician fading channel type B with a direct component
and delayed and scattered components.
Direct component Direct component
I scattered, 1 Sca; d
components components
t
(4 Type A (b) Type
Fig. 3 Delay profile in Rician fading channels
3. Computer simulation
We examine BER of the system by computer simu-
lations. The simulation parameters are indicated in
Table 1. We assume that in Type B Rician fading
channel the delay between scattered components and
the direct component is 16 [nsec] which corresponds
to a chip duration.
-25'-
Table. 1 Simulation parameters
First modul ati on
Second modul ati on DS-SS
Ri ce factor
Fig.4-6 show relationship between BER and aver-
age E&' o of total received signals, in Rayleigh fading
channel, Rician fading channel type A, and Rician
fading channel type B, respectively. In each simula-
tion, signals are transmitted from two RBSs, and the
level difference between the received signals is 0 [dB]
The arrival time difference between two received sig-
nals is 0 [T,] and 2 [T,]. By way of comparison, we
simulate in using single RBS with CDM and without
spread-spectrum (SS) radio transmission scheme.
Fig. 4 BER performance in Rayleigh fading channel
IL
I
I "
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Aveage EbiNo Id01
Fig. 5 BER performance in Rician fading channel
type A
10'
10
B 10
m
I O
10-
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Average EbiNo [dB1
Fig. 6 BER performance in Rician fading channel
type B
I t is seen from Fig.4 and 5 that in Rayleigh
and Ri ci an fadi ng channel type A, there is no
difference between the BER performances i n us-
i ng single RBS wi th CDM and wi thout SS radio
transmi ssi on scheme. In Fig.6, however, usi ng
single RBS wi th CDM transmi ssi on scheme
shows better BER performance than wi thout SS
radio transmission scheme. Because CDM radio
transmission scheme can suppresses the delayed scat-
tered waves.
I n Rayleigh fadi ng channel as shown i n Fig.4,
usi ng two RBSs, the BER performance of case ar-
rival ti me difference between two received
signals of 2 [T,] i s better than that of case no
arri val ti me difference between two received
signals, because it is impossible to distinguish the
multipath signals if the signals from two RBSs arrive
all at once. The BER performance of case no arri val
ti me difference between two received signals is
same as that of usi ng single RBS wi th CDM and
wi thout SS radio transmi ssi on scheme.
I n Rice fading channel as shown in Fig.5 and 6,
however, the BER performance of case no arri val
ti me difference between two received signals is
better than that of case arri val ti me difference
between two received signals of 2 [T,], because
the SNR is more improved according to the coherent
-255-
addition of the direct wave components than the ef-
fect of Rake diversity in reducing the fluctuation in
the received signal strength.
4. Conclusions
In this paper, we evaluated BER under multipath
Rayleigh and Rician fading environments in consid-
eration of the delay between direct wave and scattered
waves in downlink by computer simulation. As the
result, the BER performance in Rician fading channel
B is better than that in Rician fading channel A, he-
cause CDM radio transmission scheme can suppress
the delayed scattered waves. Comparing the BER
performances that delay between received signals
from two RBSs is 0 [TJ with 2 [TJ , former is better
in Rayleigh fading channel, and latter is better in Ri-
cian fading channel A, B. In Rayleigh fading channel,
the BER performance of case arri val ti me differ-
ence between two received si gnal s of 2 [T,] is
better than that of usi ng single RBS wi thout SS
radio transmi ssi on scheme. In Rice fadi ng
channel , the BER performance in usi ng two
RBS wi th CDM transmission scheme is better
than that of usi ng single RBS wi thout SS radio
transmi ssi on scheme
Acknowledgment
This paper is partially supported by the
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No.
14350202, from the J apan Society for the Promotion
of Science.
5. References
[I ] H.Harada, K.Sato, M.Fujise. A Feasibility Study on a
Radio-on-Fiber Based Road-to-Vehicle Communication
Systems by a Code Division Multiplexing Radio Trans-
mission Scheme, Proc.of ITST2000, pp.155-160,
Oct.2000
H.Harada, K.Sato, M.Fujise, A Radio-on-fiber Based
Millimeter-wave Road-vehicle by a Code Division Mul-
tiplexing Radio Transmission Scheme - Symmetry be-
tween Uplink and Downlink -, Proc.of ITST2001,
pp.47-52, Oct.2001
[3] KShimezawa, H.Harada, HShirai, M.Fujise, An ad-
121
vanced DSRC system based on a
code-division-multiplexing based radio transmission
scheme, Proc.of ITST200l. pp.77-82, Oct.2001
[4] K.Tsukamoto, Y.Kadota, M.Okada and S.Komaki,
Macro Diversity using Photonic Fed Ubiquitous An-
tenna ArchirecNre for Road-to-Vehicle Communication,
Proc.of WPMC99, pp.468-473, Sep. 1999.
[ 5 ] J ohn.G.Proakis, Digital Communications, McCraw-Hill,
1983
-256-