The

The
Psychological
Psychological
Theories of the
Theories of the
Biopsychosocial
Biopsychosocial
Model
Model
Main message
Main message
n
n
The two main
The two main
psychological theories
psychological theories
that are used in the
that are used in the
biopsychosocial model
biopsychosocial model
are:
are:
n
n
Psychochoanalysis
Psychochoanalysis
n
n
Cognitive Behavioral
Cognitive Behavioral
Theory
Theory
Objectives
Objectives
n
n
To describe the main
To describe the main
features of the
features of the
psychological theories in
psychological theories in
the biopsychosocial
the biopsychosocial
model.
model.
n
n
To apply psychoanalysis
To apply psychoanalysis
and cognitive behavior
and cognitive behavior
theory in the
theory in the
understanding of
understanding of
personality and normal
personality and normal
behavior.
behavior.
Outline:
Outline:
n
n
Review of the
Review of the
Biopsychosocial Model
Biopsychosocial Model
n
n
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n
Main features
Main features
n n!nconscious !nconscious
n nPsychose"ual stages Psychose"ual stages
n nDefense mechanisms Defense mechanisms
n nThe unconscious in normal The unconscious in normal
behavior behavior
n
n
Cognitive#Behavioural
Cognitive#Behavioural
Theory
Theory
n
n
$alse beliefs
$alse beliefs
Group work
Group work
n
n
$orm groups of %#&'
$orm groups of %#&'
n
n
(elect leader to lead
(elect leader to lead
discussion and report
discussion and report
n
n
(elect leader to submit
(elect leader to submit
list of names of
list of names of
members in alphabetical
members in alphabetical
order and ta)e notes
order and ta)e notes
n
n
*nswer the following
*nswer the following
+uestions.
+uestions.
n
n
,ou have &- minutes.
,ou have &- minutes.
uestions
uestions
n
n Psychological factors such as defense Psychological factors such as defense
mechanisms contribute to the mechanisms contribute to the
development of personality. *gree or development of personality. *gree or
disagree. Provide / e"amples of disagree. Provide / e"amples of
defense mechanisms and show and defense mechanisms and show and
how they contribute to the how they contribute to the
development of personality. development of personality.
n
n The two psychological theories most The two psychological theories most
commonly applied in the commonly applied in the
biopsychosocial model are biopsychosocial model are
psychoanalysis and cognitive psychoanalysis and cognitive
behavioral theory. Dene each. behavioral theory. Dene each.
(imilarities and di0erences. (imilarities and di0erences.
1. 2 are not aware of a big part of much 1. 2 are not aware of a big part of much
of our thoughts3 feelings and behavior. of our thoughts3 feelings and behavior.
n
n*gree or disagree. *gree or disagree.
n
n4ive at least 1 e"amples that 4ive at least 1 e"amples that
illustrate this. illustrate this.
5. 6ur beliefs determine our feelings. 5. 6ur beliefs determine our feelings.
n
n*gree or disagree. *gree or disagree.
n
n4ive at least 1 e"amples that 4ive at least 1 e"amples that
illustrate this. illustrate this.
The
The
Biopsychosoci
Biopsychosoci
al Model of
al Model of
!isease
!isease
n
n
states of health and illness are
states of health and illness are
produced by the interaction
produced by the interaction
between
between
n
n biological3 biological3
n
n psychological3 and psychological3 and
n
n social factors. social factors.
BP( $actors in
BP( $actors in
Mental 7ealth and
Mental 7ealth and
8llness
8llness
n
n Biological Biological
n
n 4enetic 4enetic
n
n 9eurochemical3 neuroendocrine 9eurochemical3 neuroendocrine
n
n Biological rhythms Biological rhythms
n
n Psychological Psychological
n
n Con:icts Con:icts
n
n Defense mechanisms Defense mechanisms
n
n 6b;ect relations 6b;ect relations
n
n (elf#esteem (elf#esteem
n
n (ocial (ocial
n
n $amily $amily
n
n (ocio#economic status (ocio#economic status
n
n Race Race
n
n Religion Religion
Psychological
Psychological
Theories in the
Theories in the
BP" Model
BP" Model
n
n
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
n
n
Cognitive Behavioral Theory
Cognitive Behavioral Theory
Psychoanalysis:
Psychoanalysis:
n
n
* theory of personality
* theory of personality
which states that much of
which states that much of
our behavior is governed by
our behavior is governed by
unconscious forces.
unconscious forces.
n
n
$ounded by (igmund $reud
$ounded by (igmund $reud
The "tructure of
The "tructure of
the Mind
the Mind
n
n Conscious <...we are aware of Conscious <...we are aware of
n
n facts about yourself facts about yourself
n
nI dont like this movie star. I dont like this movie star.
n
n Preconscious # ...sometimes aware of3 Preconscious # ...sometimes aware of3
sometimes not sometimes not
n
nsome dar) feelings in the past some dar) feelings in the past
n
nI think it may be his mustache. I think it may be his mustache.
n
n !nconscious # ...not at all aware of !nconscious # ...not at all aware of
n
nsome dar) feelings about some persons some dar) feelings about some persons
n
nI dont know why. (He probably reminds you I dont know why. (He probably reminds you
of your father who you do not like.) of your father who you do not like.)
#hat is the
#hat is the
unconscious
unconscious
composed of$
composed of$
n
n
$eelings we don=t understand
$eelings we don=t understand
n
n8nordinate anger 8nordinate anger
n
nI get so angry when my boyfriend I get so angry when my boyfriend
cannot give me attention. I dont cannot give me attention. I dont
know why. know why.
n
n
$ears we don=t understand.
$ears we don=t understand.
n
nPhobias Phobias
n
nIm scared of spiders. I dont know Im scared of spiders. I dont know
why. why.
n
n
Beliefs we are not aware of.
Beliefs we are not aware of.
n
n$alse beliefs $alse beliefs
n
nRacial pre;udice Racial pre;udice
n
n
*cts we are not aware of.
*cts we are not aware of.
n
n(abotaging self (abotaging self
n
nI fell asleep the night before the I fell asleep the night before the
exams. exams.
Proofs that the
Proofs that the
unconscious
unconscious
e%ists
e%ists
n
n
2e are unaware of our motives.
2e are unaware of our motives.
n
n
2e cannot describe them in
2e cannot describe them in
words but we e"press them in
words but we e"press them in
n
nDreams Dreams
n
nslips of the tongue slips of the tongue
n
nself#destructive behaviors self#destructive behaviors
The unconscious is
The unconscious is
composed of
composed of
instinctual forces&
instinctual forces&
'nstinctual forces
'nstinctual forces
n
n
(e"ual or pleasure#see)ing force
(e"ual or pleasure#see)ing force
n
n
Destructive or death#see)ing
Destructive or death#see)ing
force
force
The conscious
The conscious
and the
and the
unconscious are
unconscious are
always in con(ict
always in con(ict
with each other&
with each other&
n
n
Conscious deals with reality
Conscious deals with reality
while unconscious does not.
while unconscious does not.
n
n
Therefore3 unconscious motives
Therefore3 unconscious motives
are always in con:ict with reality.
are always in con:ict with reality.
n
n
To deal with the con:ict3 the
To deal with the con:ict3 the
mind employs defense
mind employs defense
mechanisms
mechanisms
#hat are
#hat are
defense
defense
mechanisms$
mechanisms$
n
n
*re unconscious mental
*re unconscious mental
operations deployed to
operations deployed to
deal with an"iety.
deal with an"iety.
n
n
*re unconscious
*re unconscious
n
n
Can be mature or
Can be mature or
immature
immature
n
n
8mmature defenses are
8mmature defenses are
seen in early stages of
seen in early stages of
life> mature defenses are
life> mature defenses are
seen in later stages of
seen in later stages of
life
life
Psychose%ual
Psychose%ual
stages
stages
n
n
*s we go through life3 we go
*s we go through life3 we go
through various stages
through various stages
n n 6ral 6ral
n n *nal *nal
n n Phallic Phallic
n n ?atency ?atency
n n 4enital 4enital
n
n
*s we go through life=s stages3
*s we go through life=s stages3
we have to accomplish
we have to accomplish
developmental tas)s.
developmental tas)s.
n
n
To accomplish particular tas)s3
To accomplish particular tas)s3
we employ particular defenses.
we employ particular defenses.
Psychose%ual
Psychose%ual
stages
stages
!evelopmental Tasks in
!evelopmental Tasks in
Psychose%ual stages
Psychose%ual stages
)&Oral stage
)&Oral stage
n
n
Age
Age
n
n
Birth to 18 months
Birth to 18 months
n
n
Mouth
Mouth
n
n
feeding
feeding
n
n
Developmental Task
Developmental Task
n
n
Satisfaction of dependency needs;
Satisfaction of dependency needs;
n
n
Development of trusting relationships
Development of trusting relationships
*& +nal stage
*& +nal stage
n
n
Age
Age
n
n
18 months to 3 years
18 months to 3 years
n
n
Anus
Anus
n
n
Boel movement
Boel movement
n
n
Developmental Tas)
Developmental Tas)
n
n
Autonomy and control of on !ody
Autonomy and control of on !ody
,& Phallic stage
,& Phallic stage
n
n
*ge
*ge
n
n1#5 to -#@ years 1#5 to -#@ years
n
n4enitals 4enitals
n
n6bservation of di0erence between 6bservation of di0erence between
the se"es the se"es
n
n
Developmental tas)
Developmental tas)
n
n*ppreciating gender di0erences *ppreciating gender di0erences
n
ndevelopment of se"ual identity development of se"ual identity
-& .atency stage
-& .atency stage
n
n
Age
Age
n
n
"#$ to pu!erty
"#$ to pu!erty
n
n
%ncreased sociali&ation
%ncreased sociali&ation
n
n
Developmental Task
Developmental Task
n
n
'ontrol of se(ual and aggressive
'ontrol of se(ual and aggressive
forces through su!limation and peer
forces through su!limation and peer
relationships
relationships
/& Genital stage
/& Genital stage
n
n
Age
Age
n
n
)u!erty into adulthood
)u!erty into adulthood
n
n
Se(ual function
Se(ual function
n
n
Developmental Tas)
Developmental Tas)
n
n
*sta!lishment of personal identity
*sta!lishment of personal identity
Psychose%ual
Psychose%ual
stages
stages
n
n
To accomplish the
To accomplish the
developmental tas)s
developmental tas)s
in the particular
in the particular
stages3 we use
stages3 we use
particular defense
particular defense
mechanisms more
mechanisms more
than others.
than others.
#hat are these
#hat are these
defense
defense
mechanisms$
mechanisms$
n
n
Repression
Repression
n
n
Reaction formation
Reaction formation
n
n
Denial
Denial
n
n
RationaliAation
RationaliAation
n
n
Displacement
Displacement
n
n
(ublimation
(ublimation
n
n
Pro;ection
Pro;ection
n
n
8dentication
8dentication
n
n
Regression
Regression
)& 0epression
)& 0epression
n
n
Definition
Definition
n
n*(clusion from consciousness of impulses+ *(clusion from consciousness of impulses+
emotions+ or memories that ould otherise emotions+ or memories that ould otherise
cause distress cause distress
n
n
*(ample,
*(ample,
n
n)ainful memories+ such as se(ual a!use are )ainful memories+ such as se(ual a!use are
kept out of aareness kept out of aareness
*& 0eaction
*& 0eaction
formation
formation
n
n
Definition
Definition
n
nAdoption of !ehavior opposite to !ehavior Adoption of !ehavior opposite to !ehavior
that ould truly reflect true feelings or that ould truly reflect true feelings or
intentions intentions
n
n
*(ample
*(ample
n
n)rudish attitudes to se( as a reaction to )rudish attitudes to se( as a reaction to
unaccepta!le se(ual urges unaccepta!le se(ual urges
,& !enial
,& !enial
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n
8nferred when a person
8nferred when a person
behaves as if unaware of
behaves as if unaware of
something that he may
something that he may
reasonably be accepted to
reasonably be accepted to
)now
)now
n
n
B"ample
B"ample
n
n
(omeone with cancer C to live
(omeone with cancer C to live
normally as if C
normally as if C
-&
-&
0ationali1ation
0ationali1ation
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n
Provision of a false but
Provision of a false but
acceptable e"planation for
acceptable e"planation for
behavior that has a less
behavior that has a less
acceptable origin
acceptable origin
n
n
B"ample
B"ample
n
n
* husband may leave his wife
* husband may leave his wife
at home because C
at home because C
/& !isplacement
/& !isplacement
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n
Transfer of emotion from a
Transfer of emotion from a
person3 ob;ect or situation
person3 ob;ect or situation
which is properly associated
which is properly associated
with another source
with another source
n
n
B"ample
B"ample
n
n
*fter the recent death of his
*fter the recent death of his
wife3 a man may blame the
wife3 a man may blame the
doctor for her deathC
doctor for her deathC
2& "ublimation
2& "ublimation
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n
Diversion of unacceptable
Diversion of unacceptable
impulses to more acceptable
impulses to more acceptable
outlets
outlets

n
n
B"ample
B"ample
n
n
Turning the need to dominate
Turning the need to dominate
others into organiAation of
others into organiAation of
good wor)s for charity
good wor)s for charity
3& Projection
3& Projection
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n*ttribution to another person of *ttribution to another person of
thoughts or feelings similar to one=s thoughts or feelings similar to one=s
own3 thereby rendering one=s own own3 thereby rendering one=s own
thoughts and feelings more thoughts and feelings more
acceptable acceptable
n
n
B"ample
B"ample
n
n* person who disli)es a colleague * person who disli)es a colleague
may attribute reciprocal feelings of may attribute reciprocal feelings of
disli)e to himC disli)e to himC
4& 'denti5cation
4& 'denti5cation
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n
*doption of the characteristics
*doption of the characteristics
or activities of another person3
or activities of another person3
often to reduce the pain of
often to reduce the pain of
separation or loss
separation or loss
n
n
B"ample
B"ample
n
n
* widow may underta)e
* widow may underta)e
volunteer wor) that her
volunteer wor) that her
husband used to do
husband used to do
6& 0egression
6& 0egression
n
n
Denition
Denition
n
n
*doption of behavior
*doption of behavior
appropriate to an earlier stage
appropriate to an earlier stage
of development
of development
n
n
B"ample
B"ample
n
n
Dependence on others
Dependence on others
!efenses in
!efenses in
Psychose%ual "tages
Psychose%ual "tages
7ormal behavior
7ormal behavior
is largely
is largely
unconscious&
unconscious&
n
n
* large part of our
* large part of our
personality and behavior is
personality and behavior is
unconscious.
unconscious.
n
n
2e employ defense
2e employ defense
mechanisms as part of
mechanisms as part of
normal behavior.
normal behavior.
Problems in
Problems in
childhood lead to
childhood lead to
problems in
problems in
adulthood&
adulthood&
n
n
Childhood trauma in
Childhood trauma in
particular stages "ates
particular stages "ates
us in immature patterns
us in immature patterns
of defenses
of defenses
n
n
?ead to problems in
?ead to problems in
adult life.
adult life.
Group work
Group work
n
n
!sing the table of
!sing the table of
defenses in
defenses in
psychose"ual stages as
psychose"ual stages as
a guide3 gure out what
a guide3 gure out what
adult problem would
adult problem would
result from trauma or
result from trauma or
problems in particular
problems in particular
stages.
stages.
!efenses in
!efenses in
Psychose%ual "tages
Psychose%ual "tages
Trauma in the oral
Trauma in the oral
stage leads to eating
stage leads to eating
disorders8 substance
disorders8 substance
abuse and paranoia
abuse and paranoia
n
n
Trauma in early childhood,
Trauma in early childhood,
child
child
a!use
a!use
n
n
-eads to,
-eads to,
n n .ear of a!andonment .ear of a!andonment
n n lack of trust lack of trust
n
n
Adult pro!lem
Adult pro!lem
n n /vereating /vereating
n n Alcoholism Alcoholism
n n Suspicious Suspicious
Trauma in anal stage
Trauma in anal stage
leads to obsessive9
leads to obsessive9
compulsive behavior
compulsive behavior
n
n
Trauma in toddler years,
Trauma in toddler years,
overly strict
overly strict
mother
mother
n
n
-eads to,
-eads to,
n
n
.ear of disapproval
.ear of disapproval
n
n
/!stinacy and stu!!ornness
/!stinacy and stu!!ornness
n
n
Adult pro!lem
Adult pro!lem
n
n
o!sessive#compulsive !ehaviour
o!sessive#compulsive !ehaviour
Trauma in
Trauma in
phallic
phallic
stage
stage
leads to
leads to
problems in se%ual
problems in se%ual
functioning
functioning
n
n
Trauma in pre#school years:
Trauma in pre#school years:
absent parent of same se" absent parent of same se"
n
n ?eads to: ?eads to:
n
n
Confusion about male#female
Confusion about male#female
relationships
relationships
n
n
*dult problem
*dult problem
n
n(e"ual an"iety (e"ual an"iety
Trauma in
Trauma in
latency
latency
stage
stage
leads to poor
leads to poor
interpersonal relations
interpersonal relations
n
n
)ro!lem in school years,
)ro!lem in school years, 'haotic family life 'haotic family life
n
n -eads to, -eads to,
n
n%mpaired creativity %mpaired creativity
n
n)oor development of social skills )oor development of social skills
n
n
Adult pro!lem
Adult pro!lem
n
n)oor interpersonal relations )oor interpersonal relations
Trauma in genital stage
Trauma in genital stage
leads to problems in
leads to problems in
se%ual orientation
se%ual orientation
n
n
Problem in adolescence:
Problem in adolescence: non# non#
aDrmation from parents aDrmation from parents
n
n ?eads to ?eads to
n
n
8dentity crisis
8dentity crisis
n
n
*dult problem
*dult problem
n
ncomple" psychopathology in adult comple" psychopathology in adult
life life
n
n4ender dysphoria 4ender dysphoria
!e5nition of
!e5nition of
:ognitive9
:ognitive9
Behavioural
Behavioural
Theory
Theory
n
n
* model of personality
* model of personality
that states that the
that states that the
interplay of learning and
interplay of learning and
e"perience determines
e"perience determines
development.
development.
n
n
6ur beliefs determine our
6ur beliefs determine our
emotional response to
emotional response to
information.
information.
n
n
Beliefs guide our actions.
Beliefs guide our actions.
n
n
$alse beliefs about the
$alse beliefs about the
self3 others and the world
self3 others and the world
cause mental health
cause mental health
problems and mental
problems and mental
illness.
illness.
Our beliefs
Our beliefs
determine our
determine our
behavior and
behavior and
mental health
mental health
n
n
6ur beliefs determine our
6ur beliefs determine our
emotional response to
emotional response to
information.
information.
n
n
Beliefs guide our actions.
Beliefs guide our actions.
n
n
$alse beliefs about the self3
$alse beliefs about the self3
others and the world cause
others and the world cause
mental health problems and
mental health problems and
mental illness.
mental illness.
n
n
I am lovable so, I am condent
I am lovable so, I am condent
about meeting new people.
about meeting new people.
n
n
!ecause I am lovable, I can
!ecause I am lovable, I can
calmly strike up a conversation
calmly strike up a conversation
with my new classmate.
with my new classmate.
n
n
I am not lovable so Im afraid to
I am not lovable so Im afraid to
make friends in school.
make friends in school.
Group work
Group work
n
n
4o over the following
4o over the following
false beliefs. $ill in the
false beliefs. $ill in the
blan)s with the feeling
blan)s with the feeling
and the action that
and the action that
follows from it3
follows from it3
;alse beliefs<
;alse beliefs<
n
n
* rst year med student
* rst year med student
wants to try Aip#lining. *s
wants to try Aip#lining. *s
he waits his turn in the
he waits his turn in the
+ueue3 he thin)s:
+ueue3 he thin)s:
n
n
"ven if there is the remotest
"ven if there is the remotest
chance of something bad
chance of something bad
happening, I must protect
happening, I must protect
myself. #o$ %eeling& 'ction&
myself. #o$ %eeling& 'ction&
n
n
* rst year med student is
* rst year med student is
being as)ed by her best
being as)ed by her best
friend to be the emcee at
friend to be the emcee at
the friend=s wedding
the friend=s wedding
reception. (he wants to try
reception. (he wants to try
butC
butC
n
nIf I dont do it perfectly, then Ive If I dont do it perfectly, then Ive
done it horribly. #o$ %eeling& done it horribly. #o$ %eeling&
'ction& 'ction&
n
n
* rst year med student
* rst year med student
scratched his arm against
scratched his arm against
the wall of his classroom in
the wall of his classroom in
(an Beda. 7e had ;ust
(an Beda. 7e had ;ust
learned of 78E.
learned of 78E.
n
n'n open sore on my arm means$ 'n open sore on my arm means$
'I(#. #o$ %eeling& 'ction& 'I(#. #o$ %eeling& 'ction&
;alse beliefs<
;alse beliefs<
n
n
6ver#estimating ris)
6ver#estimating ris)
n
n
* rst year med student wants
* rst year med student wants
to try Aip#lining. *s he waits
to try Aip#lining. *s he waits
his turn in the +ueue3 he
his turn in the +ueue3 he
thin)s:
thin)s:
n n"ven if there is the remotest "ven if there is the remotest
chance of something bad chance of something bad
happening, I must protect myself. happening, I must protect myself.
#o$ %eeling& 'ction& #o$ %eeling& 'ction&
n
n
*ll or none
*ll or none
n
n
* rst year med student is
* rst year med student is
being as)ed by her best friend
being as)ed by her best friend
to be the emcee at the
to be the emcee at the
friend=s wedding reception.
friend=s wedding reception.
(he wants to try butC
(he wants to try butC
n nIf I dont do it perfectly, then Ive done it If I dont do it perfectly, then Ive done it
horribly. #o$ %eeling& 'ction& horribly. #o$ %eeling& 'ction&
n
n
CatastrophiAing
CatastrophiAing
n
n
* rst year med student
* rst year med student
scratched his arm against the
scratched his arm against the
wall of his classroom in (an
wall of his classroom in (an
Beda. 7e had ;ust learned of
Beda. 7e had ;ust learned of
78E.
78E.
n n'n open sore on my arm means$ 'I(#. 'n open sore on my arm means$ 'I(#.
#o$ %eeling& 'ction& #o$ %eeling& 'ction&
+pplication of
+pplication of
Main :oncepts to
Main :oncepts to
7ormal Behavior
7ormal Behavior
n
n
6ur beliefs are based on:
6ur beliefs are based on:
n
n
Childhood e"periences
Childhood e"periences
n n
within the family3
within the family3
n n
at school3
at school3
n n
with peers and
with peers and
n n
in the culture.
in the culture.
+pplication of Main
+pplication of Main
:oncepts to 7ormal
:oncepts to 7ormal
Behavior
Behavior
n
n
Problems in childhood
Problems in childhood
lead to false beliefs.
lead to false beliefs.
n
n
$alse beliefs lead to
$alse beliefs lead to
problems in adulthood
problems in adulthood
because we do not learn.
because we do not learn.
=%ample
=%ample
n
n
Child neglect
Child neglect
n
nBelief. Belief.
n
n$eeling. $eeling.
n
n*ction. *ction.
n
n
Problems in childhood.
Problems in childhood.
n
n
Problems in adulthood.
Problems in adulthood.
'n summary:
'n summary:
n
n
The psychological
The psychological
theories that are used in
theories that are used in
the biopsychosocial
the biopsychosocial
model are:
model are:
n
n
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
n
n
Cognitive Behavioral
Cognitive Behavioral
Theory
Theory
Main features of
Main features of
psychoanalysis:
psychoanalysis:
n
n
* big part of our
* big part of our
personality is
personality is
unsconscious.
unsconscious.
n
n
2e use defense
2e use defense
mechanisms
mechanisms
unconsciously.
unconsciously.
n
n
Problems in childhood
Problems in childhood
lead to problems in
lead to problems in
adulthood.
adulthood.
Main features of
Main features of
:ognitive
:ognitive
Behavioral Theory:
Behavioral Theory:
n
n
Barly childhood e"periences
Barly childhood e"periences
form our beliefs
form our beliefs
n
n
Problems in childhood can
Problems in childhood can
lead to false beliefs
lead to false beliefs
n
n
The resulting false beliefs
The resulting false beliefs
lead to further false beliefs.
lead to further false beliefs.
!i>erences between
!i>erences between
Psychoanalysis and
Psychoanalysis and
:ognitive9Behavioral
:ognitive9Behavioral
Theory
Theory
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
n
n Behavior is unsconscious. Behavior is unsconscious.
n
n Barly childhood e"periences form our Barly childhood e"periences form our
unconscious3 especially defense unconscious3 especially defense
mechanisms. mechanisms.
n
n Problems in childhood lead to Problems in childhood lead to
unresolved unconscious issues. unresolved unconscious issues.
n
n These issues lead to problems in These issues lead to problems in
adulthood. adulthood.
:BT
:BT
n
n Behavior is conscious. Behavior is conscious.
n
n Barly childhood e"periences form our Barly childhood e"periences form our
beliefs. beliefs.
n
n Problems in childhood can lead to false Problems in childhood can lead to false
beliefs beliefs
n
n The resulting false beliefs lead to The resulting false beliefs lead to
further false beliefs and mental health further false beliefs and mental health
problems. problems.
)
)
n
n
The biopsychosocial
The biopsychosocial
model states that
model states that
psychological factors
psychological factors
contribute to the
contribute to the
development of
development of
personality.
personality.
True or $alse.
True or $alse.
*
*
n
n
The two psychological
The two psychological
theories most commonly
theories most commonly
applied in the are
applied in the are
psychoanalysis and
psychoanalysis and
e"istential theory.
e"istential theory.
True or $alse.
True or $alse.
,
,
n
n
(igmund $reud
(igmund $reud
formulated
formulated
psychoanalysis.
psychoanalysis.
True or $alse.
True or $alse.
-
-
n
n
*ccording to the
*ccording to the
psychoanalytic theory3
psychoanalytic theory3
we are not aware of a
we are not aware of a
big part of our behavior.
big part of our behavior.
True or $alse.
True or $alse.
/
/
n
n
Dreams represent our
Dreams represent our
unconscious.
unconscious.
True or $alse.
True or $alse.
2
2
n
n
*ccording to the
*ccording to the
cognitive behavioral
cognitive behavioral
theory3 human behavior
theory3 human behavior
is learned.
is learned.
True or $alse.
True or $alse.
3
3
n
n
8f we believe we are
8f we believe we are
happy3 then we feel
happy3 then we feel
happy. 6ur beliefs
happy. 6ur beliefs
determine our feelings.
determine our feelings.
True or $alse.
True or $alse.
4
4
n
n
8f you believe you
8f you believe you
believe that psychiatry is
believe that psychiatry is
worth learning3 you will
worth learning3 you will
learn it.
learn it.
n
n
True
True
'f you can dream
'f you can dream
it8 you can
it8 you can
become it&
become it&