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Guru Rinpoche - Padmasambhava
statue - near Kullu, India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major
schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the
Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug). "Nyingma" literally means
"ancient," and is often referred to as Nga'gyur (Tibetan:
, Wylie: snga 'gyur , ZYPY:
Nga'gyur, school of the ancient translations) or the "old
school" because it is founded on the first translations of
Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Tibetan, in the
eighth century. The Tibetan script and grammar was
actually created for this endeavour. In modern times, the
Nyingma lineage has been centered in Kham in eastern Tibet.
Contents [hide]
1 Early lineage and traditions
2 History
2.1 Geographical dissemination of Buddhism into the
Tibetan plateau
2.2 Origins
2.3 25 disciples
2.4 Early period
2.5 Political ethos
2.6 Rise of scholasticism and monasticism
2.7 Chinese influence
3 Distinguishing features of the Nyingma lineage
3.1 Nine Yanas
3.2 Philosophy and doctrinal tenets
4 Tantra and Dzogchen texts and praxis in the Nyingma
tradition
4.1 Mahayoga
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingma
Nyingma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingma[06/27/2014 11:57:45 AM]
Part of a series on
Tibetan Buddhism
4.2 "Eighteen" Texts of the Mind Division (Semde)
4.3 Yidam practice & protectors
5 Termas and tertons
5.1 Terma
5.2 Tertons
6 Various traditions and important historical figures
6.1 Longchenpa (1308-1363)
6.2 J igme Lingpa (1730-1798) and the Longchen
Nyingthig
6.3 Rinchen Terdzod
6.4 J amgon J u Mipham Gyatso (18461912)
6.5 Six mother monasteries
7 Contemporary lineage teachers
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Early lineage and traditions [edit]
The Nyingmapa, a Red Hat sect of Tibetan Buddhism, incorporate mysticism and local deities shared by the
pre-Buddhist Bon religion, which has shamanic elements. The group particularly believes in hidden terma
treasures. Traditionally, Nyingmapa practice was advanced orally among a loose network of lay
practitioners. Monasteries with celibate monks and nuns, along with the practice of reincarnated spiritual
leaders are later adaptations.
[1]
The Nyingma tradition actually comprises several distinct lineages that all trace their origins to the Indian
master Padmasambhava , who is lauded in the popular canon as the founder of Tibetan Buddhism in the
eighth century, and is still propitiated in the discipline of reciprocity that is guru yoga sadhana , the staple of
the tradition(s).
Historically, Nyingmapa
[2]
are categorised into Red Sangha and White Sangha. Red Sangha denotes a
celibate, monastic practitioner; whereas White Sangha denotes a non-celibate practitioner who abstains from
vows of celibacy. At different times in one's life, due to changing circumstances and proclivities, individuals
historically moved between these two Sanghas. Rarely was either determination of Red or White for the
duration of one's life.
Nyingma maintains the earliest tantric teachings which have been given the popular nomenclature of
Vajrayana . Early Vajrayana that was transmitted from India to Tibet may be differentiated by the specific
term 'Mantrayana ' (Wylie: sngags kyi theg pa ).
[3]
'Mantrayana' is the Sanskrit of what became rendered in
Tibetan as "Secret Mantra" (Wylie: gsang sngags ): gsang sngags is the self-identifying term employed in the
earliest literature, whereas Nyingma became associated in differentiation from the "New Schools" Sarma .
History [edit]
Geographical dissemination of Buddhism
into the Tibetan plateau [edit]
Dargyay (1998: p. 5) provides a sound case
[citation needed]
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