Project Title:

Impact of Salt Present in the Effluent on Health And Environment

Submitted To.Dr. Mudassar Abbas
Name....Siraj Munir
Id..101520027
Subject.. Environment Issues Related To Textile Industry








Abstract:
This study have been carried out to analyze waste water treatment contaminations especially
total dissolved solid (TDS) in the effluent water of textile chemical processing industry. New
methods of recycling of waste water treatment and recovery of salt was studied. Further, the
negative aspects of high amount of salt were studied for agriculture point view as well as their
effect on human health is also studied
Introduction:
Water is very important for the survival of all the human beings, agriculture and industries.
Without water existence of life is impossible. High quantity of water is being used in the textile
processing industry producing high amount of contamination in soluble and insoluble forms. The
contaminations are color, mineral contents, softeners, sequesting agents, wetting agents,
surfactants, soaps, FBAs, OBAs, etc in the dyeing, printing, and finishing processes which are
desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization and dyeing etc[1].All these contaminations can be
categorized in two forms i) soluble ii) insoluble. The effluent water is measured in terms of
chemical oxygen demand COD, biochemical oxygen demand BOD, and total dissolved salts
TDS. Since large quantity of salt is being used for cellulosic dyeing for reactive and direct
dyes.The salts, NaCl and Na
2
SO
4,
are used to increase the exhaustion of dyes for cellulosic
material. These mineral content, if not separated by water treatment, create a lot of problems for
environment as well health[2].
Literature review:
Salinity in water cause many problems so it is essential to remove the salinity or dissolved salt in
the effluent. For one kg dyeing of cotton fabric 100-150 liters of water and 0.6 to .8 kg of salt is
required[]. Many techniques have been developed to remove dissolved salts. Carine Allgre et. al
studied in detailed on the reuse of salt and dyes.he study on nano filtration technique by using
which we can separate the minerals contents in the effluent and make them reusable as well[]. He
introduced four step procedure for separation of dyes and salts which are
1)Pre- filtration: to remove fibrils and coloured materials.
2) Neutralization: tomake the solution neutral.
3)Nano filtration: to separate dyes and colorless salt solution.
4)Reverse osmosis:to get pur water and concentrated salts[3].
Tony Provin and J.L. Pitt studied the effect of salt on soil plant health and their growth.
Due to high salts in water soils for plantation have more salinity and for plants to get water
from the soil become difficult.
When the salt concentration in the soil is very high, the plant will die.
There are three type of salt related problems in the soil.
1) Saline soils: Saline soils hold enough soluble salts to damage plants. The soil becomes
white or light brown crusts on the outside.
Saline soils have ph below 8.5. The usual desired range is 6.0 to 7.0, but many some soils are
having ph 7.5 to 8.3.
2) Saline sodic soil: Saline-sodic soils are similar to saline soils, but difference is that these
have considerably higher amount of sodium salts comparative to magnesium and calcium salts.
Saline-sodic soils have pH normally below 8.5.
3)sodic soil): Sodic soils have low soluble salts but comparatively high in sodium. Sodic soils
cannot be suitable for a lot of plants because of their high sodium amount, which may results
plant rooting problems, these type of soils have ph range from8.5 to 12.0.[]
American Heart Association (AHA) work on amount of sodium used per day and they concluded
that sodium per day should not be more than 1500mg because high amount of sodium cause
hypertension. High blood pressure cab be lower by using low amount of sodium per day.
Cardiovascular disease can also be preventing by low sodium amount.
The best solution or alternate of mineral salt is to use any bio degradable salt like poly carboxylic
acid sodium salt.



Results and discussion:
The above study clearly depicts that if the water ic is not properly treated to remove all the
contamination then it is threat to environment. High amount of salt in effluent is go into drain
and some damage the fresh water sources and ground water as well making them saline. That
saline water is when used for agricultural purposes creates a lot of problems. So it not sensible to
not use waste treatment plant just for the sake of your own profit as industrial point of view but
we also should take care of our environment up to maximum extent so as we move towards
green products.
Conclusion:
From this study we conclude that salt is a very harmful not only for agricultural but also for
human health. Do not take it easy but this inorganic non biodegradable should be replaced by
some organic bio degradable salt to save our environmental and health issues.
References:
[1]. Desai p. A. And kore v. S.
,
performance evaluation of effluent treatment plant for textile
industry in

kolhapur of maharashtra,
universal journal of environmental research and
technology, volume 1, issue 4: 560-565
[2]. Zongping wang, miaomiao xue, kai huang and zizheng liu, textile dyeing wastewater
treatment, page 94,95.

[3] carine allgre1#, philippe moulin1*, michel maisseu2, franoise charbit, treatment and
valorisation of the textile wastewater.
[4]
tony provin and j.l. Pitt, managing soil salinity.

[5] american heart association 2010 dietary guidelines
January 23, 2009 page 4