Effect of Noise FM Jamming against ISAR Imaging

Dong Chunxi, Yang Shaoquan, Zhao Guoqing, Zhang Yu

School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
chxdonggmail.xidian.edu.cn

Abstract The imaging principle of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Generally, ISAR use linear frequency modulation signal
Radar are analyzed, jamming means against ISAR are to achieve wide bandwidth multi frequency signal, and multi
discussed, and the noise FM jamming method is proposed. Also, pulse processing to gain the rotating information. In order to
the effect of noise FM jamming against ISAR one or two- decrease the processing bandwidth, STRETCH method is
dimensional imaging is described in detail, and the power used widely.
requirement of noise FM jamming is compared with that of RF
noise jamming. It is proved by theoretic analysis and computer If coo is radar's carrier frequency, B is bandwidth, and T
simulation that the noise FM jamming can destroy the one or
two-dimensional image of ISAR and is an effective jamming 2ffB
method. is pulsewidth, then the FM slope is c= T , the

Keywords: Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), transmission signal can be denoted as:
Jamming, Noise Frequency Modulation (Noise FM), Imaging
UT (t)= ARectKt expLjKCot+ IPt22 (1)
I. INTRODUCTION
The echo signal is:
Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) can obtain the
2RC
two-dimensional image of moving target. Its high radial C)
(2)
2

resolution is due to the wide band, and azimuth resolution to u,(t)=u(t v)= u (t ARect
T
j w)t 2R0O
at)
( 2R

c Ij

synthetic aperture. It is issued that the bandwidth of some

ISAR is up to 1 GHz, of which a 15cm radial resolution can
be achieved. With synthetic aperture, the radar can get a
Where Ro is the distance between the radar and the
15cm azimuth resolution too. This is to say that it can get
high resolution two-dimensional image. So it is important to target, zr = 2RO° is the delay of echo signal.
study the countermeasure against ISAR
The local oscillation can be expressed as:
II. THE PRINCIPLE OF ISAR IMAGING
Although the characteristics of the ISAR target's surface 2R 2R 22]}
uL(t)= Rect C exp{ji!ooKt- (3)
are complex, it can be considered that the surface is made up
of many scatter points with different scatter coefficient at
different position. ISAR imaging is to get back every scatter 2Rref
point's relative position and scatter coefficient according the
radar echo.
Where Rref is reference range, Tref
ref
=
~~~c
is the

The scatter function of target and the radar echo is a delay to transmission signal, and Tp is pulsewidth.
Fourier transformation pair, so the two-dimensional scatter Generally, there is Tp . T.
characteristics of target can be achieved by the two-
dimensional Fourier transformation of the radar echo. ISAR The essential of STRETCH method is to compute the
obtains the target information through two ways, one is the product of echo and reference signal:
variation of echo bought from the variation of radar
frequency, which requires the radar using wide band and u(t) =UR (t) * UL (t) (4)
multi frequency signal this makes high radar radial The result is:
resolution. Another is bought from the target rotating, which
requires the target rotating around its axes this makes the
radar has high azimuth resolution.
Support by National Electronic Warfare Lab under grant no. 51435040105DZ0103

0-7803-9582-4/06/$20.00 C2006 IEEE

Authorized licensed use limited to: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS. Downloaded on May 28, 2009 at 21:35 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 UIF(t)= Aexp!- i (t- CRe)R exp i- R expj j R2 (5) If modulation coefficient is defined as mf = >1,
Where RA =R Rref is the difference between
when mf >> 1, the frequency spectrum shape of the first
reference and target range. If the target keeps the distance to
radar fixed, the midfrequency signal is sigle-frequency, and item is gauss shape, and the bandwidth is:
the frequency is:
B. = 2 k2fl2kfm = 2.35kkfm (1 1)
fi =
iLtRA (6) After STRETCH processing, jamming signal surrounds
zc the radar echo front and back, and the scope of jamming can
The Fourier transmission of (5) is a Sinc pulse in be calculated
frequency domain, the pulsewidth is 1/Tn and the
IV. THE EFFECT OF FM JAMMING AGAINST ISAR ONE OR
frequency is direct proportion to RA This is to say that the TWO-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING.
STRETCH method can gain high radial resolution in Figure 1 is a simulation of FM jamming to LFM signal.
frequency domain.
After motion compensation, envelope alignment, Fourier
transmission, ISAR can gain high azimuth resolution.
lI
lf l...
III. THE PRINCIPLE OF NOISE FREQUENCY MODULATION -M --
--
--
.-

JAMMING TO ISAR
One-dimensional image is the foundation of ISAR two- Afflb J- - L .
dimensional imaging, so any jamming method which can
destroy the one-dimensional image can destroy the two- _.- _ I- -L L.

dimensional imaging.
406 2 2.1 -L LI a _2
The frequency modulation jamming applies frequency
modulation to radar signal. The jamming signal can be
expressed as:
Accordn
- theLFM
sina
-figure,
- - -
afe
-s-STEC procdure - - -drawn
conluion
U, (t) = uT (t)exp[jkf jn(r)drc]= exp{jL ot +-t+ k fn()dzj} (7)

The frequency ofjamming signal is:

c(t) = coo + jt + kfln(t) (8)
4)If the jaMmingl signal ration(JSR) satis
With simple transformation, the jamming signal can be dimuensionalF rangeimageffcisLFsimilar.wThe thatr one i the
expressed as: frequency spectrum ofnos FMjamigng.
h ideoe steLMsga
Fiur 2 is an ISA tw-iesoa
3)te STRTCpoeueanthe
scopn ofcaaecotold
mxue sjamming
h FM
-1-
----wite---hohut
img b
U,(t) = exPJLcO + +kf n()Jd =exp{[c +kf n(r)d-cj ex J1u2ut (9) jamin, an fiur 3 is th wit img jamn.ti
The first item of right hand is FM jamming signal, and assumed thathie distammncebfetweentF inlhe raaranetrgoet isth
jAmmoringcnms
setu disechore
tha thesthe
lk,tecrirfrequency
2au of sig cnal.so
sbetwu
ISARFiga,h middl edan
9onea amnd
the rad andhiga
z taris
thtLM
the last item is LFM function.
imageisimlrwtpofjmintsgti
bandwidt GHzd
STRTE prcdue Thetargthase iscathemitre aned
According with the analysis of FM jamming to common Fgr2isaTSRtodimensionalrag witfthou
pulse radar[2], its jamming effect can be known easily. jammieng,an oMjmimage
tobAntcedin figcture3im h signa
that figue,jmmn ihF amigti
conclusion drawndo
some

If n(t) is a band limitation white noise, its spectrum is: jamming

10km Thebased on (7).
scarrer ofrequencyno TSaR is 9.5GHz,land the
baandwitheis;1(H.tetre
jamin a satrpit.Isne
sope ofjmmn7anbcnrlldb
based
tob noIcef ta
the jammingt signal raincludSRom ranifidom
G | O<f <
n (h10)
O other

Authorized licensed use limited to: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS. Downloaded on May 28, 2009 at 21:35 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 | If the jamming is RF noise (DINA), the power of
jamming is D times larger than critical jamming to signal
ratio, where D = TB is compression ratio of ISAR.
-0.1 If the parameters of ISAR is:
l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
j
Il
L--- i---- Pt=81000OW , Gt=Gr=56dB , B-=GHz X
T = 128/us ,and the STRETCH window is lOOm, and the
*- parameter of the target is CT = Im2, the critical power can
0.1 be expressed as( JSR = OdB ):
0. I - - - - - - - - - - - - - L .. - - -
- rtG rtL J
T1
- - - - - - I- - - -I r - - - i-- - - 1- - - -I - - - - - - 4 - - - -
PERPJ
ERJ 4JTR2 Lr S R2W
R2w (12)
- I

I
i
9M M Figue
6 92 A ex9
mp DO IA 1 iMage
1 The requirement power of noise FM and DINA jamming
Figure 2. A example of ISAR image. can be computed, the results are given in table 1.

rT T-- TABLE I. COMPARISON OF POWER REQUIREMENT

L -L
Range/Jamming method 4000km 3000km 2000km 100Okm
ERP(dB) ofDINA 18 20 24 30
-0.1 -r-r ---r--
ERP(dB) of FMjamming -5 -3 1 7
With the assumption, the requirement power of noise FM
L jamming is 23dB less than that of DINA jamming.
0
r r
VI. CONCLUSION
]m lo lc
ISAR is mainly used to achieve the image of motion
0.1
target, of which the imaging procedure includes ranging,
envelope alignment, one-dimensional imaging, motion
compensation, two-dimensional imaging and so on.
Commonly, the target is not cooperative, so every procedure
must be granted; otherwise, it is impossible to achieve the
target image. In spite of power limitation, any successful
Figure 3. Noise FM jamming against ISAR two-dimensional image. jamming method against imaging procedure will lead to
successful jamming against image. However, the jamming is
According the figure some conclusion can also be draw: to protect motion target, there is some power limitation
1) Along radial direction, there are many scatter points commonly, so it is necessary to discover some jamming
method of which the requirement power is little.
which mask the echo signal;
2) Along azimuth direction, the energy is decentralized In the paper, the imaging principle of ISAR is analyzed,
to entire image space; noise FM jamming method is purposed. According the
3) ISAR Two-dimensional imaging is failure. theoretic analysis and simulation experimentation, it is
It is to say that the FM jamming can destroy the two- concluded that noise FM jamming is an efficient jamming
dimensional image of ISAR. means against ISAR.

V. COMPARISON OF POWER REQUIREMENT

REFERENCE
The jamming bandwidth is determined by (11), which
determines the bandwidth and range scope of jamming signal, [1] Bao zheng, Xing Mendao, WangTong, Technology of radar imaging
(in Chinese). Publishing house of Electronic Industry, 2005.
so it also determines the power requirement of jamming
[2] Zhao GuoQing. The principle of radar countmeasure (in Chinese).
signal. Publishing house of Xidian University. 1999.
The power of FM jamming is that of carrier signal. if [3] Ding Lufei, Zhang Ping, Radar System (in Chinese), Publishing
critical jamming to signal ratio is OdB and jamming scope is house of Xidian University. 1984.
RA, the jamming power need to increase 2BRA /C times
to critical JSR.

Authorized licensed use limited to: INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS. Downloaded on May 28, 2009 at 21:35 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.