Kondisi Aktual Tambang

Based upon the positive results of the 2003 Prefeasibility Study, development of the
Grasberg Block Cave actually began in 2004 with the initiation of development of the
Ali Budiardjo Adits (AB Adits), which will ultimately be the primary access for men and
materials to the GBC. That access drift reached the GBC rail terminal, at a distance of
about 5.5 kilometers from the portal, in late 2007. Early development access to the
GBC Service Shaft hoist room and concrete batch plant area is provided via the Amole
Adits and the KL East Characterization Drift (Figure 2-2). This work is covered under
the Common Infrastructure Project (CIP) Phase 3 (CI3) AFE and is currently in
progress. PTFI crews are also driving the GBC Ventilation Drifts (GVDs) from the Amole
portal area and from BGN accesses via the acid rock drainage (ARD) portal (Figure
2-3).



Actual mine level and infrastructure development is scheduled to begin in 2008 and will
be accessed principally via the AB Adits, the CI3 drift, and the GVDs.
The GBC will extract approximately 980 million tonnes of copper / gold ore situated
below the economic bottom of the GRS open pit mine. The mine will be a mechanized
block cave operation. Planned peak production is 160,000 metric tonnes per day.
Production from caving is initiated in 2016, peak production is achieved in 2022, and
the mine is projected to close in 2037. The GBC is planned as a panel caving mine,
accessed primarily through the Ali Budiardjo (AB) Adits driven from RidgeCamp and
between the GBC AB terminal and the mine levels above, via the GBC Service Shaft
and inter-level ramp system. Ore produced from the GBC is to be conveyed to the 74
Mill stockpiles via inclined conveyors. Primary and secondary crushing at the GBC
underground crusher stations ahead of the main conveyors reduces the size of ore
reporting to the stockpiles to a P of 50mm (2-inch).
Further development will include raising and slashing the Service Shaft, driving the
inter-level ramp, establishing level accesses, and excavating and constructing major
mine infrastructure. While this work is in progress, mining crews will excavate and
commission production panels and drawpoints, drive undercut headings, and extend
Haulage and Drainage Level headings. Once the first haulage loop, a crushing plant,
and one line of main conveyors are completed, the ore body will be undercut, initiating
productionoperations. First production is scheduled for 2016, with production ramping
up to a daily average of 160,000 tpd by 2022.
Several significant challenges are presented in developing the GBC mine design. The
following are foremost among these.
Developing the Cave
Electrical Power
Mine Water
Ventilation
Contractor Assets
Man and Materials Handling Logistics
Manpower

Batuan
The Grasberg igneous complex hosts one of the largest copper and gold porphyry-type
ore deposits in the world. The Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) will be the deep extension of
the mineralization extending beneath the Grasberg pit ore mineralization, and thus
extends to a depth of more than two kilometers from the surface. Currently Grasberg
produces approximately six percent of the worlds copper supply, as well as significant
quantities of gold. Grasberg production started in1989 as an open pit. Underground
operations by block caving will begin in 2016. The total projected mine life for the
deposit, from open pit and underground, is at least 45 years and contains more than
two billion tones of ore grading at an average of one weight percent copper and one
gram per tonne gold.
The Grasberg monzodiorite intrusive complex is hosted by a Jurassic to Tertiary
sedimentary package. The sediments have been folded into a synclinorium, cut by
major subparallel and cross-cutting fault-joint structures, then intruded by a series of
igneous bodies. The earliest igneous activity is represented by a flared breccia-filled
volcanic structure of intermediate composition. Pipe-like to tabular intrusions,
subdivided into three stages based on textural criteria, filled the center of this volcanic
structure. The first intrusive stage is interpreted to represent a partly brecciated
volcanic unit, while the second and third intrusive stages comprise multiple intruded
dikes that form irregular composite stocks.
The primary copper minerals in the Grasberg ore body are chalcopyrite, bornite (less
than 20%), and minor digenite, covellite and chalcocite. Bornite is less common at high
levels in Grasberg, but becomes more abundant at depth. Covellite occurs at the
margins of the one percent copper equivalent ore envelope.
Pyrite is only an accessory component of the sulfide mineralization in the ore zone.
The Grasberg copper-gold deposit (as defined by a one percent equivalent copper
cutoff grade shell) extended from the original 4200m surface elevation to the currently
explored levels below 2600m. At the present pit level the one percent copper
equivalent envelope forms a 600 x 1000m annulus around the non mineralized Kali
composite intrusion.
The one gram per ton gold grade envelope forms a similar but smaller annulus, 400 x
700m.
In cross section the Grasberg ore body tapers upward from a maximum width of 950m
at the 3200 to 3000m elevation levels, where it fills the entire volcanic vent, and
narrows to about 200m width at the pre-mine surface. Below 3200m the ore body
again narrows to about 400m width at the 2600m elevation. In the upper part of the
ore body, the one gram per tone gold grade envelope narrows upwards as the Kali
becomes thinner.


Hidrogeologi
The hydrogeologic setting of the Grasberg Area was described in the 2003 Grasberg
Bock Cave Prefeasibility Study. Hydrologic Consultants Inc. was the primary researcher
for that hydrogeologic model. During the past five years hydrogeological investigations
have continued to be carried out in the vicinity of the Grasberg area. However, the
results of these investigations do not indicate any required major changes to the
Conceptual Hydrogeologic Model.

Much of the feasibility investigation activities have been focused on hydrological
testing, installation of underground and surface piezometers, and water chemistry
analysis to further characterize the hydrogeologic conditions below the Amole level and
their connection with other hydrogeologic units surrounding the proposed GBC.

The presence of low-flow artesian wells in some of the drain holes drilled downward
into the GBC area suggests there is a potential of low pressure heads above the GBC
planned level. However, the hydraulic testing concludes that most of the artesian drain
holes likely represent the fracture aquifer with low hydraulic conductivity and limited
geometry, as evidenced by observed flow reduction following completion of those drain
holes.

Pit dewatering drilling to date has significantly lowered the water levels in GIC and HSZ
areas. Dewatering drilling into the limestone rock is more problematic due to the
irregular flow in the karstified ground. Drilling into limestone targets from underground
in the Amole adits system has met with mixed results. To date, drawdown in the
limestone rock is much slower and appears essentially limited to the piezometers which
are located near HSZ or where it is sufficiently near to the drain holes such that the
dewatering drain hole has an impact.

This feasibility report is aimed at refining the inflow prediction by incorporating into the
groundwater model flow the most recent hydrogeological information (water intersects,
flows, etc.), pit plans, cave line and development schedule of the block cave.

GROUNDWATER SOURCE
All ground water originates from the recharge of precipitation within the hydrologic
study area (HSA). Recharge of the precipitation into the groundwater system varies
significantly across the Ertsberg Mining District. Much of the alpine region is karstified,
and large quantities of surface runoff have been observed disappearing into large
sinkholes in areas like the Upper Wanagon and Carstenszweide. As much as ninety
percent of the precipitation is estimated to recharge the ground-water system in these
closed alpine karst basins. Recharge in the non-karstified areas is estimated to range
from fifty percent in areas underlain by limestone to ten to fifty percent in areas
underlain by intrusive rocks (e.g., the East Ertsberg diorite and Grasberg intrusive).

There are more than 90 springs in the Wanagon, Aghawagon, and Tsinga basins that
were mapped by HCI using a Global Position System (GPS) during several days of
helicopter reconnaissance in early 1996 (HCI, 1997a). The majority of these springs
occur at an elevation of about 3,300 mamsl, probably at the base of the alpine karst
system. These springs comprise the headwaters of most of the perennial streams.

Generally, the regional ground-water flows from the topographic highs at the
watershed divide to areas of lower elevation to the south or southeast. All ground
water from the study area eventually discharges into one of eight major streams -
Wanagon, Aghawagon, Nasura, Tsinga, Tsinganogong, North Canyon, Fairy Lakes, and
Water Fall. However, both major and minor faults and related structures allow ground
water to flow beneath topographic divides, at least at the sub-basin level.

Hydrogeology of the Grasberg Block Cave area
The generalized geology of the Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) mine is shown in Figure 4-1
and in cross section in Figure 4-2. As indicated in Figure 4-2, the GBC is an extension
of existing Grasberg ore body with the extraction level located on the 2,815 meter
elevation. The orebody is essentially cylindrical apart from a low grade zone due to
the Kali intrusive, resulting in a horseshoe-shaped ore zone. Due to its location directly
below the Grasberg Pit, the rainfall within this area will directly infiltrate and enter the
proposed GBC mine. It is estimated that a total of 760 L/s (12,000 gpm) will
continuously enter GBC throughout the long life of the mine. The conceptual
hydrogeology of the GBC area is very similar to the regional hydrogeology in that the
local ground-water flow is controlled by secondary permeability i.e., fault and related
structures (lithological contacts). A relatively detailed understanding of the local
hydrogeology was obtained from the result of the existing dewatering program for the
Grasberg Mine from the Amole drifts and a hydrogeology study to support the GBC
Feasibility Study work. A schematic of the inflow regimes is illustrated in Figure 4-3
below.