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Faunal Remains as Markers of Ethnicity: A Case Study from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada Christian Gates St-Pierre Universite de Montreal Main species of marine mammals exploited in the. St. Lawrence Estuary during the Late Woodland period (AD 1000-1500) WHITE WHALE / BELUGA (Delphinapterus leucas) Mean weight: 1100 kg HARBOUR SEAL (Phoca vitulina
Faunal Remains as Markers of Ethnicity: A Case Study from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada Christian Gates St-Pierre Universite de Montreal Main species of marine mammals exploited in the. St. Lawrence Estuary during the Late Woodland period (AD 1000-1500) WHITE WHALE / BELUGA (Delphinapterus leucas) Mean weight: 1100 kg HARBOUR SEAL (Phoca vitulina
Faunal Remains as Markers of Ethnicity: A Case Study from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada Christian Gates St-Pierre Universite de Montreal Main species of marine mammals exploited in the. St. Lawrence Estuary during the Late Woodland period (AD 1000-1500) WHITE WHALE / BELUGA (Delphinapterus leucas) Mean weight: 1100 kg HARBOUR SEAL (Phoca vitulina
A Case Study from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada
By: Christian Gates St-Pierre
This paper and accompanying slides are licensed with a Creative Commons: Attribution- Noncommercial license. Attribution: Christian Gates St. Pierre
Faunal Remains as Markers of Ethnicity: A Case Study from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada Christian Gates St-Pierre Universit de Montral The St. Lawrence Estuary Main species of marine mammals exploited in the St. Lawrence Esturary during the Late Woodland Period (AD 1000-1500) WHITE WHALE/BELUGA (Delphinapterus leucas) Mean weight: 1100 kg HARBOUR SEAL (Phoca vitulina) Mean weight: 65 kg HARP SEAL (Phoca groenlandica) Mean weight: 135 kg Archaeologist William J. Wintemberg looking at St. Lawrence Iroquoian pottery in 1932 Historical distribution (approximate) of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, the Montagnais and the Maliseet STUDY AREA Montagnais/ Innus St. Lawrence Iroquoians Maliseet Location of the archaeological sites investigated Excavations at the Pointe--Crapaud and Falaise sites Iroquoian ceramics of the middle phase of the Late Woodland period (1200-1350 AD) Iroquoian ceramics of the late phase of the Late Woodland period (1350-1550 AD) Grinding tools Arrow head in green chert from the Quebec City area Ceramic pipes Bone preservation Bones buried in dry sand Bones in small shell middens Bone identification: some reliable cranial elements for the identification of seal species Results: Sea mammals vs. terrestrial mammals Algonquian 8 9.7 21.0 56.8 12.5 3 454 Ste-Marguerite II Algonquian 20 4.3 34.2 48.4 13.0 12 906 Ste-Marguerite I Algonquian 13 1.6 1.0 40.1 57.4 8 579 Falaise Ouest Iroquoian 17 0.1 3.1 7.1 89.7 4 980 Escoumins Iroquoian 16 0.1 7.1 2.2 90.6 19 153 Pointe--Crapaud Iroquoian 4 0.1 0.3 5.1 94.5 4 663 Ouellet Iroquoian 6 0.0 2.2 3.6 94.2 11 746 Cap-de-Bon-Dsir III Iroquoian 8 0.0 0.7 2.2 97.1 10 718 Cap-de-Bon-Dsir II Iroquoian 5 0.0 0.2 0.4 99.4 15 451 Cap-de-Bon-Dsir I Ethno-cultural identity Number of species % Fishes % Birds % Land mammals % Marine mammals Sample size Site NISP Results: Harp seal vs. Harbour seal Algonquian 100.0 0.0 Ste-Marguerite II Algonquian 100.0 0.0 Ste-Marguerite I Algonquian 100.0 0.0 Falaise Ouest Iroquoian 0.0 100.0 Escoumins Iroquoian 1.6 98.4 Pointe--Crapaud Iroquoian 0.0 100.0 Ouellet Iroquoian 9.1 90.9 Cap-de-Bon-Dsir III Iroquoian 5.9 94.1 Cap-de-Bon-Dsir II Iroquoian 0.0 100.0 Cap-de-Bon-Dsir I Ethno-cultural identity % Harbour seal % Harp seal Site NISP Results: Seasonality and Mobility Periods of the year when seals are present in the St. Lawrence Estuary Harbour seal Harp seal Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May April March Feb. Jan. Settlement patterns Interior Coasts of the estuary Algonquians (Montagnais/Innus): Coasts of the eastuary Quebec City Area St. Lawrence Iroquoians: Winter/Spring Summer/Fall
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