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DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Slash-and-Burn
Deforestation
The deforestation
technique of slash and
burn, utilized extensively
to clear large areas of
forest for agricultural
and other purposes,
causes an enormous
amount of environmental
damage. The large
amounts of carbon
dioxide given off into the
atmosphere during
burning adds to the
greenhouse effect. The removal of all trees and groundcover
destroys animal habitats and greatly accelerates erosion, adding
to the sediment loads of rivers and making seasonal flooding
much more severe.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-
2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Forests
provide
habitat for a
wide variety
of plants and
animals and
perform
many other
important
functions
that affect
humans.
Photosynthesis is the chemical process in the leaves that uses
sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce energy-supplying sugars
Clear-cutting
Clear-cutting is a forestry harvesting technique in which all the
trees in a given area are removed. The advantages of this
technique include the eventual production of trees of
approximately the same age and height, which are easy to
harvest using mechanized equipment. The disadvantages include
the elimination of old growth forest and animal habitat,
excessive erosion, and an unappealing landscape. In an effort to
conserve forest resources, the timber industry is modifying clear-
cutting techniques to include the complete use of all harvested
trees and the replanting of clear-cut areas.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2004. © 1993-
2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Soil
I INTRODUCTION
COMPOSITION OF
II SOILS
Inorganic
A Material
Organic
B Material
Wate
C r
SOIL
III FORMATION
Parent
A Material
Bedrock itself does not directly give rise to soil. Rather, the
gradual weathering of bedrock, through physical and chemical
processes, produces a layer of rock debris called regolith. Further
weathering of this debris, leading to increasingly smaller and
finer particles, ultimately results in the creation of soil.
Climat
B e
Living
C Organisms
Topograph
D y
E Time
Horizon
F s
IV SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
A Color
Textur
B e
Porosit
D y
Ion
E Content
F pH
SOIL
V CLASSIFICATION
VI SOIL USE
For most of human history, soil has not been treated as the
valuable and essentially nonrenewable resource that it is.
Erosion has devastated soils worldwide as a result of overuse
and misuse. In recent years, however, farmers and agricultural
experts have become increasingly concerned with soil
management.
Wind erosion occurs where soils are dry, bare, and exposed to
winds. Very small soil particles can be suspended in the air and
carried away with the wind. Larger particles bounce along the
ground in a process called saltation.
B Soil Management
Cultivation
Greenhouse A greenhouse is
designed to facilitate the
cultivation, propagation, and
protection of young seedlings
and delicate plants. With its
glass-paned roof and walls,
the greenhouse is perfectly
designed for regulating
temperature, humidity, soil
moisture, and light, not to
mention control of insect
pests and weeds.Oxford Scientific Films/Deni Bown
Weed Control
I INTRODUCTION
METHODS OF WEED
II CONTROL
Mechanical
A Methods
Cultural
B Methods
Biological
C Methods
Chemical
D Controls
GENETIC
III ENGINEERING
Pest Control
INTRODUCTIO
I N
CHEMICAL
II CONTROLS
NONCHEMICAL
III CONTROLS
VIRAL INFECTIONS
NEMATODES
ENVIRONMENTAL ENEMIES