SPE: PHARMACOLOGY

A| Drug-Drug Interactions
Microbiology:

1. Flucanozole, Phenobarbitol, Gabapentin
Pharmacokinetic
Flucanozole and Phenobarbitol
MOA: Phenobarbitol increases the metabolism of cytochrome p450 as a
result decreasing the therapeutic levels of the anti-fungal Flucanozole.

2. Carbmazapine, Erythromycin, Acetominiphen
Pharamacokinetic
Carbmazapine and Erythromycin
MOA: Erythromycin is an inhibitor of Cyp-3A4 as a result increasing the
level of Carbmazapine in the blood, increasing the toxicity of the drugs.

3. Ciprofloxacin, Antacid, Panadol
Pharmacokinetic
Ciprofloxacin, Antacid
MOA: Antacid adsorbs Cipro, as a result decreasing the therapeutic levels of
Cipro in the blood.

4. Isoniazid, Rifampin, Zidovindine, Lamivudine, Indivancine
Pharmacokinetic
Rifampin and Indivancine
MOA: Rifampin is an inducer of p450, increases the elimination of I. by
increasing its metabolism.

5. Gentamycin, Amoxicillin
Synergistic
Amoxicillin will break down the cell wall so that penetration of bacteria,
hence increasing the action of Gentamycin.

6. Erythromycin, Simvastatin
Pharmacokinetics
Erythromycin inhibitors of p450 hence increasing the levels of Simvastatin.

7. Amoxicillin, Clavilunic Acid
Synergistic
Amoxicillin is a penicillin and Cla. is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, given to
destroy Beta-lactam producing organisms.

CNS:
8. Dubuxatine and Phenalazine
Pharmacodynamic
Dubuxatine is an SNRI, inbiting the reuptake of serotonin and
norepinephrine. Phenalazine is an MAO inhibitor, stopping the metabolism of
serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. As a result, there will be an increase of
serotonin (serotonin syndrome) and also of norepinephrine.



9. Ethyl Estradial and Phenytoin
Pharmacokinetic
Phenytoin induces CYP450, increasing metabolism of Estradiol
decreasing the therapeutic levels of E. in the blood.
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B| RABBIT ANS PRACTICAL: The left eye is the control, the right eye is being tested.

1) ATROPINE
Right Eye Left Eye
Pupillary Diameter Madriasis (dilation) No change
Light Reflex -ve [cycloplegia] +ve
Corneal Reflex +ve +ve
Color of Conjunctiva No change No change

2) PILOCARPINE
Right Eye Left Eye
Pupillary Diameter Constriction 7mm (normal)
Light Reflex +ve +ve
Corneal Reflex +ve +ve
Color of Conjunctiva No change No change

3) EPINEPHRINE
Right Eye Left Eye
Pupillary Diameter Dilation 7mm (normal)
Light Reflex +ve +ve
Corneal Reflex +ve +ve
Color of Conjunctiva Paler No change

4) LIDOCAINE
Right Eye Left Eye
Pupillary Diameter No change 7mm (normal)
Light Reflex +ve +ve
Corneal Reflex -ve +ve
Color of Conjunctiva No change No change

Summary:
Atropine- Dilation and Light Reflex Absent
Pilocarpine- Constriction of Pupils
Epinephrine- Paler and Pupillary Dilation
Lidocaine- Only corneal reflex absent

C- FLAWS:

Just need to remember:
1) Dosage
2) Strength
3) Route
4) Frequency
5) Quantity
6) Duration