10/2/2014 Decibels to Voltage Gain and Loss convert calculation conversion amplification amplifier electronics - sengpielaudio Sengpiel Berlin

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Deutsche Version

Amplifier Conversion Gain / Loss
Gain means signal strength (amplitude) or amplification.
In audio we use only voltage amplification. Forget the power.

The amplification factor, also called gain, is the extent to which an active device boosts the
strength of a signal.
The damping factor, also called loss, is the extent to which a passive device reduces the strength
of a signal.
Amplification means voltage ratio V
2
/ V
1
= V
out
/ V
in
. Voltage gain in dB = 20 log (V
2
/ V
1
).
Convert Decibels to Voltage Gain / Loss

Gain in decibel (+dB)
Loss in decibel (dB)
-3.7485
calculate
Voltage Gain
Voltage Loss
0.649494
reset

Convert Voltage Gain / Loss to Decibels

Voltage Gain
Voltage Loss

calculate
Gain in decibel (+dB)
Loss in decibel (dB)

reset

Voltage and Gain
Enter any two values - the third will be calculated.
Reference voltage V
0
1 V reset
Measured voltage V V reset
Gain G or L
V
dB reset
10/2/2014 Decibels to Voltage Gain and Loss convert calculation conversion amplification amplifier electronics - sengpielaudio Sengpiel Berlin
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calculate all reset
V
0
= 1 Volt
Amplification and Damping
To use the calculator, simply enter a value.
The calculator works in both directions of the sign.

Gain factor v = V
2
/V
1
for field sizes, e.g. voltage
1.000

Amplification level L


voltage level
0.0 dB

0 dB = voltage gain v = 1
Gain and Loss
Gain is:
1) A knob usually found at the top of each input channel on the sound board, used
to set input levels of the separate channels to relatively equal positions.
2) The amount of increase in audio signal strength, often expressed in dB.
Gain:The measure of how much a circuit amplifies a signal. Gain may be stated as
a ratio of input to output voltage,current or power, such as a voltage gain of 4, or a
power gain of 2, or it can be expressed in decibels, such as a line amplifier with a
gain of 10 dB.
Conductive Hearing Loss: a loss of sensitivity to sound, resulting from an
abnormality or blockage of the outer ear or the middle ear. The most common
cause of conductive hearing loss is middle ear fluid or infection. Other causes
include wax build-up in the ear canal, a hole in the eardrum, or damage to the tiny
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bones of the middle ear.
Gain or Loss: These are reciprocal numbers; they will be given in several ways.
Usually it is expressed as a ratio. It can be stated as ratio of the primary to
secondary impedances of an audio transformer.
This is given by gain or loss =
This voltage can also be expressed in dB as well.
It is given by the formula:
also voltages across the primary and secondary.
dB (decibel): A technique for expressing voltage,power, gain, loss, or frequency in
logarithmic form against a reference.Typical references include volts, watts or Hz.
DeciBels are calculated using the expression: Level in decibel L = 20 log (x/y) or
L = 10 log (x/y).
Voltage Controlled Attenuator (VCA):
Similar to a voltage controlled amplifier except that the amplifier will, with no control
voltage sent to it, have no gain and no loss; as an increasing control voltage is sent
to it, the amplifier reduces gain, causing an amplitude loss of signal strength.
Sound level, loudness, and sound pressure are not the same things.
There are variations in individual perception of the strength of sound.
The sound pressure measured twice as much gives 6 dB more level.
The sound perceived twice as loud needs roughly an increase in
sound level by 10 dB.
Common Gains and Losses Expressed in Decibels
Notice: Power gain is not used in audio engineering.
Gain/loss
as a ratio
(out/in)
Gain/loss
as a factor
Gain/loss in dB
Field sizes
(Voltage gain)
Gain/loss in dB
Energy sizes
(Power gain)
10,000:1 10,000 +80.00 dB +40.00 dB
10,00:1 10,00 +60.00 dB +30.00 dB
100:1 100 +40.00 dB +20.00 dB
10:1 10 +20.00 dB +10.00 dB
5:1 5 +13.98 dB +6.99 dB
4:1 4 +12.04 dB +6.02 dB
2:1 2 +6.02 dB +3.01 dB
1:1 1 0,00 dB 0.00 dB
1:2 0.5 6.02 dB 3.01 dB
1:4 0.25 12.04 dB 6.02 dB
1:5 0.2 13.98 dB 6.99 dB
1:10 0.1 20.00 dB 10.00 dB
1:100 0.01 40.00 dB 20.00 dB
1:1,000 0.001 60.00 dB 30.00 dB
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1:10,000 0.0001 80.00 dB 40.00 dB
40 dB voltage gain (amplitude) is 100 times the voltage factor (amplitude).
40 dB power gain is 10,000 times the power factor.
Voltage Gain and Power Gain
Voltage (amplitude) gain Power (energy) gain
Voltage ratio
Factor V
2
/V
1
Voltage amplification
G
V
in dB

Power ratio
Factor P
2
/P
1
Power amplification
G
P
in dB
10
3
+60
10
6
+60
10
2
+40
10
4
+40
10
1
+20
10
2
+20
10 = 3.16 +10 10 +10
2 +6 4 +6
2 = 1.414 +3 2 +3
1 0 1 0
1/2 = 0.7071 3 1/2 = 0.5 3
1/2 = 0.5 6 1/4 = 0.25 6
1/10 = 0.316 10
10
1
= 0.1
10
10
1
= 0.1
20
10
2
= 0.01
20
10
2
= 0.01
40
10
4
= 0.0001
40
10
3
= 0.001
60
10
6
= 0.000001
60
V
2
/V
1
= 10
(GV in dB/20)
G
V
= 20log (V
2
/V
1
)
P
2
/P
1
= 10
(GP in dB/10)
G
P
= 10log (P
2
/P
1
)

How many decibels (dB) level change is twice (double, half) or three times as
loud?
The dependence of sound levels in dB and their factors Measurements and perceptions
Table of Sound Levels (dB Scale) Corresponding Units of Sound Pressure and Sound
Intensity
Convert number relations (ratio) to dB level number factor ratio parameter
Conversion of Factor, Ratio, or Gain to a Level Value
Gain and Loss Field sizes and energy sizes
The decibel calculator (dB) a valuable tool
Calculation: Amplification (gain) and damping (loss) as level in decibels
Amplifier Conversion Gain / Loss
Calculation Voltage Gain and Power Gain Voltage Loss and Power Loss
Comparative representation of sound field sizes and sound energy sizes
Conversion of sound units (levels)
How to calculate decibels?


The word "power amplifier" is a misnomer - especially in audio engineering.
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Voltage and current can be amplified. The strange term "power amplifier" has
become understood to mean an amplifier that is intended to drive a load such
as a loudspeaker.
We call the product of current and voltage gain "power amplification".


Questions:
For an amplifier with an amplification factor of 100, calculate the following:
a) voltage gain in dB.
b) voltage gain at the cutoff frequency (break frequency) in dB.
c) amplification factor at the cutoff frequency (break frequency).
Answers:
a) amplification factor 100 = gain 40 dB
b) gain at the cutoff frequency is 3 dB, so it is 37 dB.
c) gain 37 dB = amplification factor 70.7 at the cutoff frequency.

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