www.gauss.ro 1 Use of 2D and 3D Linear Referencing Systems in pipeline surveys eng. Cristian GABOR GAUSS srl Timioara ROMNIA Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Topographical & Photogrammetrical Surveys ROLE of Surveying to accurately determine the three dimensional positions of points needed in any/all phases of a project life cycle.
Methods and technologies currently employed Establishment of the Control Survey Network Topographical surveys Aerial/Satellite Photogrammetry LiDAR data gathering Underground surveys (passive/active detection) Bathimetry GIS - data storage, integration, representation, processing etc. www.gauss.ro 2 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Survey Control Network
Give me a fixed point place to stand on, and I will move the Earth. Archimedes - 3 rd century B.C.
www.gauss.ro 3 27 th September, 2012 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Aerial Photogrammetry Equipment Plane: Diamond DA42 MPP twin engine aircraft Digital aerial camera IGI DigiCam (38 Mpixels) Microsoft Vexcel Ultracam Lp (92 Mpixels) www.gauss.ro 4 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS LiDAR scanner RIEGL LMS-S560 Airborne Laser Scanner System Densities higher than 1 point per sqm for flying heights arround 1,000 m
Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS 27 th September, 2012 www.gauss.ro 9 Established Control Network for TAU Valea Mrului (41 points) Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Orthophotos www.gauss.ro 10 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Lidar cloud points 27 th September, 2012 www.gauss.ro 11 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Bathymetry for Jiu river www.gauss.ro Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Perspective views Cerna crossing www.gauss.ro 13 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Route Maps www.gauss.ro 14 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Alignment sheets www.gauss.ro 15 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Cadastral Route Maps www.gauss.ro 16 27 th September, 2012 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Topographical maps www.gauss.ro 17 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Cadastral mapping www.gauss.ro 18 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Linear Referencing Systems Linear referencing (also called linear reference system or linear referencing system or LRS), is a reference system in which the locations of features are identified by a relative measure along a linear element, for example a milestone along a road. Each feature is located by either a point (known as a "milepoint") or a line ("segment"). The system is designed so that if a segment of a route is changed only those milepoints on the changed segment need to be updated. Linear referencing is suitable for management of data related to linear features like roads, railways, oil and gas transmission pipelines, power and data transmission lines, and rivers.
www.gauss.ro 19 27 th September, 2012 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Where? Linear elements mapping created the need to implement LRS
www.gauss.ro 20 27 th September, 2012 26 5'51.58"E 44 53'14.78"N Km 46+360 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS Advantages of using LRS Kp 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Class location 1 2 3 4 Protected areas SCI Timi SPA Vinga Capital repair 2015 2020 2017 2020 Incidents * * * www.gauss.ro 21 27 th September, 2012 - locations are generally more intuitive than locations specified with traditional coordinates - Easy data overlay, LRS allows attribute data from multiple sources to be associated with the network - On the fly transformation of route measures from one revision to another Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS LRS data exchange via tables www.gauss.ro 22 27 th September, 2012 kp rev E start kp rev E end RUTA NOTE 2000 9000 D NU SE SCHIMBA 17200 17300 WP 42000 51500 D NU SE SCHIMBA 71500 72100 E 99500 99750 E 116200 116350 E 135350 137620 E 144730 145220 E 147650 148150 E 149600 150870 D NU SE SCHIMBA 153610 157260 B (ELLIMINATED ip 135, 136, 137) 157260 157470 E (elliminated IP 139) 157470 15840 WP (elliminated IP 141) 160100 161250 E 161250 161450 D 162200 162600 E (IP 154, 156 elliminated) 163450 163700 E IP164-IP165- KILOMETRAREA GRESITA !!! 165300 172700 E (Cazanesti VOR) 172700 174150 NEW ROUTE (elliminated Ips) 178760 182640 E 182990 184460 E DE VERIFICAT INTERFERENTA CU TRANSELECTRICA 185350 185720 WP (elliminated ip 201, 202) 187300 187420 E (elliminated ip 210, 211, 212) 187700 188100 NEW ROUTE (elliminated Ips) 188100 189160 E 189960 190380 E DE VERIFICAT DACA SE POATE MERGE PINA IN IP 235 190600 191570 E- MODIFICATA ATENTIE LA CIMITIR Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS LRS implementation in ESRI ArcMap www.gauss.ro 23 27 th September, 2012 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS www.gauss.ro 24 27 th September, 2012 Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS 3D LRS Instead of using the planar distance as the measure value of the LRS, by projecting the 2D LRS to the terrain model we can calculate the slope length of the LRS. LRS [2D] + DTM -> LRS [3D] 469.367 km [2D] -> 471.709 km [3D] Difference 3D from 2D = 2.341 km (0.50%)