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COMBINED GEODESICAL, TOPOGRAPHICAL,

PHOTOGRAMMETRY and GIS WORKS


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Use of 2D and 3D Linear Referencing Systems in pipeline surveys
eng. Cristian GABOR
GAUSS srl Timioara
ROMNIA
Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Topographical & Photogrammetrical Surveys
ROLE of Surveying to accurately determine the three dimensional
positions of points needed in any/all phases of a project life
cycle.

Methods and technologies currently employed
Establishment of the Control Survey Network
Topographical surveys
Aerial/Satellite Photogrammetry
LiDAR data gathering
Underground surveys (passive/active detection)
Bathimetry
GIS - data storage, integration, representation, processing etc.
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Survey Control Network


Give me a fixed point place to stand on, and I will move the
Earth.
Archimedes - 3
rd
century B.C.

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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Aerial Photogrammetry
Equipment
Plane:
Diamond DA42 MPP twin engine aircraft
Digital aerial camera
IGI DigiCam (38 Mpixels)
Microsoft Vexcel Ultracam Lp (92 Mpixels)
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
LiDAR scanner
RIEGL LMS-S560 Airborne Laser Scanner System
Densities higher than 1 point per sqm for
flying heights arround 1,000 m


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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Combined Photogrammetric/Lidar flight
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Ground Penetrating Radar
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Deliverables
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- Ground control network
- Point coordinates inventory
- Burying depths for existing pipelines
- Topographical and cadastral maps
- DSM/DTM and derivate data (contours, watersheds, slope maps,
volumes computations etc.)
- Longitudinal/transversal profiles
- Alignment sheets
- GIS



Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
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Established Control Network for TAU Valea Mrului
(41 points)
Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Orthophotos
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Lidar cloud points
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Bathymetry for Jiu river
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Perspective views Cerna crossing
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Route Maps
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Alignment sheets
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Cadastral Route Maps
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Topographical maps
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Cadastral mapping
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Linear Referencing Systems
Linear referencing (also called linear reference system or linear
referencing system or LRS), is a reference system in which the
locations of features are identified by a relative measure along a
linear element, for example a milestone along a road. Each feature
is located by either a point (known as a "milepoint") or a line
("segment"). The system is designed so that if a segment of a route
is changed only those milepoints on the changed segment need to
be updated.
Linear referencing is suitable for management of data related to
linear features like roads, railways, oil and gas transmission
pipelines, power and data transmission lines, and rivers.

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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Where?
Linear elements mapping created the need to implement LRS

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26 5'51.58"E
44 53'14.78"N
Km 46+360
Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
Advantages of using LRS
Kp 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Class
location
1 2 3 4
Protected
areas
SCI Timi SPA Vinga
Capital
repair
2015 2020 2017 2020
Incidents
* * *
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September, 2012
- locations are generally more intuitive than locations specified with
traditional coordinates
- Easy data overlay, LRS allows attribute data from multiple sources
to be associated with the network
- On the fly transformation of route measures from one revision to
another
Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
LRS data exchange via tables
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September, 2012
kp rev E start kp rev E end RUTA NOTE
2000 9000 D NU SE SCHIMBA
17200 17300 WP
42000 51500 D NU SE SCHIMBA
71500 72100 E
99500 99750 E
116200 116350 E
135350 137620 E
144730 145220 E
147650 148150 E
149600 150870 D NU SE SCHIMBA
153610 157260 B (ELLIMINATED ip 135, 136, 137)
157260 157470 E (elliminated IP 139)
157470 15840 WP (elliminated IP 141)
160100 161250 E
161250 161450 D
162200 162600 E (IP 154, 156 elliminated)
163450 163700 E IP164-IP165- KILOMETRAREA GRESITA !!!
165300 172700 E (Cazanesti VOR)
172700 174150 NEW ROUTE (elliminated Ips)
178760 182640 E
182990 184460 E DE VERIFICAT INTERFERENTA CU TRANSELECTRICA
185350 185720 WP (elliminated ip 201, 202)
187300 187420 E (elliminated ip 210, 211, 212)
187700 188100 NEW ROUTE (elliminated Ips)
188100 189160 E
189960 190380 E DE VERIFICAT DACA SE POATE MERGE PINA IN IP 235
190600 191570 E- MODIFICATA ATENTIE LA CIMITIR
Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
LRS implementation in ESRI ArcMap
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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
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September, 2012
Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS
3D LRS
Instead of using the planar distance as the measure value of the LRS, by
projecting the 2D LRS to the terrain model we can calculate the slope length of
the LRS.
LRS
[2D]
+ DTM -> LRS
[3D]
469.367 km
[2D]
-> 471.709 km
[3D]
Difference 3D from 2D = 2.341 km (0.50%)

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Topography, Geodesy, Cadastre, GIS




Thank you for your attention!
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