K.S.R.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, TIRUCHENGODE 637 215

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - III
UNIT-I: FOURIER SERIES
PART-A
1. If f(x) = x
2
in ) , ( l l is expressed as a fourier series of periodicity 2l , find the constant term of
the fourier series.
f(x) = x
2
is even.
3
2
3
2 2
) (
2
2 3
0
2
0
0
l x
l
dx x
l
dx x f
l
a
l l
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= = =
} }

Constant term =
2
0
a
=
3
2
l
.
2. State dirichlets conditions.
(i)f(x) is a finite single valued function.
(ii) f(x) has finite number of discontinuities.
(iii) f(x) has finite number of maxima and minima.
3. If the cosine series for f(x) = xsinx ,0< x< is given by xsinx = , cos
1
) 1 (
2 cos
2
1
1
2
2
nx
n
x
n
n

show that
2
...
7 . 5
1
5 . 3
1
3 . 1
1
2 1
t
=
(

+ + .
Put x =
2
t
, which is a point of continuity.
f(x)= f(
2
t
) =
2
t
sin(
2
t
) =
2
t
.
Sub x =
2
t
in the fourier series.
2 2
cos
1
) 1 (
2
2
cos
2
1
1
2
2
t t t
=

=
n
n
n
n
.
2
...
7 . 5
1
5 . 3
1
3 . 1
1
2 1
t
=
(

+ + .
4. To which value , the half range sine series corresponding to f(x) = x
2
expressed in the interval
(0,2) converges at x = 2?
X = 2 is the end point of the range.
f( x) = . 2
2
4 0
2
) 2 ( ) 0 (
=
+
=
+ f f

5. Find the constant term in the Fourier series corresponding to f (x) = cos
2
x expressed in
the interval ( -t ,t).

1 )
2
2 sin
(
1
2
2 cos 1 2
cos
2
0
0 0
2
0
= + =
+
= =
} }
t
t t
t t t
x
x dx
x
xdx a .
Constant term =
2
0
a
= 1.
6. Does f(x) = tan x possess a Fourier expansion?
f(x) = tanx has infinite discontinuities.
It does not satisfies the dirichletss conditions.
Hence the fourier series does not exists.
7. State the parsevals identity of fourier sine series in(0,).
}

= =

=
t
t
0
2
2
_
1
2
2
_
) (
1
,
2
1
dx x f y b y
n
n
.

8. Find the value of a n in the cosine series expansion of f (x) = k in the interval ( 0,10).
0
10
10
sin
10
2
10
cos
10
2
10
0
10
0
=
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
}
t
t
t
n
x n
k dx
x n
k a
n
.
9. If the Fourier series corresponding to f(x) = x in ( 0 , 2t) is (a0/2)+ E (an cosnx + bnsin nx) without
finding the values of a0 , an, bn, find the value of ( a0
2
/ 2) + E ( an
2
+ bn
2
)

By Parsevals identity of fourier series,
( a0
2
/ 2) + ) (
2
1
2
n
n
n
b a +

=
=
2
_
2
1
y
=
(

}
t
t
2
0
2
2
1
2
1
dx x =
3
2
2
t
.
10. If f (x) is discontinuous at x = a what value does its Fourier series represent at that point.

f(x) =
2
) 0 ( ) 0 ( + + a f a f
.
11. What is the constant term a0 and the coefficient of cosnx , an in the Fourier series expansion of f(x) =
x x
3
in ( -t ,t).
f(x) = x x
3
is an odd function. Hence, a0 = an = 0.
12. Choose the best answer:
The sum of the fourier series for

< <
< <
=
2 1 , 2
1 0 ,
) (
x
x x
x f at x = 1 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
2
1
(e)
2
3

Answer: (e)
2
3

Because x = 1 is a point of discontinuity.
2
) 0 1 ( ) 0 1 (
) (
+ +
=
f f
x f .
1 ) 1 ( ) 0 1 (
2 ) 1 ( ) 0 1 (
0
0
= =
= + = +

h f lt f
h f lt f
h
h

Hence f(x) =
2
3
.
13. If the complex form of fourier series of f(x) is

inx
n
e c in (0,2 ) then cn is
(a)
}

t
t
2
0
) (
1
dx e x f
inx
(b)
}

t
t
2
0
) (
2
dx e x f
inx
(c)
}

t
t
2
0
) (
2
1
dx e x f
inx
(d)
}

t
t
0
) (
2
dx e x f
inx

Answer: (c)
}

t
t
2
0
) (
2
1
dx e x f
inx
.
14. State true or false with reason:
In ) , ( l l f(x) = (1- |x|)sinnx is odd.
Answer : True
Since f(-x) = (1- |-x|) sinn(-x)
= - (1- |x|) sinnx
= - f(x).

15. The fourier series for f(x) = x
2
in -1<x<1 will contain cosine terms only. State true or false.
Answer: True, since f is even
16. f(x)=

< < +
< <
t
t
t
t
x
x
x
x
0 ,
2
1
0 ,
2
1
is even. State true or false.
Answer : True.
f(-x)=

< <
< < +
t
t
t
t
x
x
x
x
0 ,
2
1
0 ,
2
1

=

< < +
< <
t
t
t
t
x
x
x
x
0 ,
2
1
0 ,
2
1

= f(x).

17. State true or false.Dirichlet conditions are necessary for uniform convergence of fourier
series.
Answer : False, Dirichlet conditions are only sufficient conditions.


Fill in the blanks :
18. Using the RMS value fill up the blanks interms of fourier coefficients.
}
+ t 2
2
)) ( (
c
c
dx x f =
(

+ +

=1
2 2
2
0
2
1
4
2
n
n n
b a
a
t
.
19. Eulers formula for the fourier coefficients in the half range sine series of f(x) in
(0, 2 l ) are
}
=
l
n
dx
l
x n
x f
l
b
2
0
sin ) (
2
1 t
.
20. If a periodic function f(x) is even , its fourier expansion contains only cosine terms.
21. State the convergence condition on fourier series.
i. The fourier series of f(x) converges to f(x) at all points where f(x) is continuous.
ii. At a point of discontinuity x0 ,
2
) 0 ( ) 0 (
) (
0 0
+ +
=
x f x f
x f

22. Find the R.M.S value of f(x) = x in 0 < x < l
.

}
= =
l
l
dx x
l
y
0
2
2
2
3
1
.
3
l
y = .
23. Find the fourier sine series for the function f(x) = 1 ; 0 < x<t .
The fourier sine series is f(x) =

=1
sin
n
n
nx b .
nx
n
x f
n
nxdx b
n
n
n
n
sin
) 1 ( 1 2
) (
.
) 1 ( 1 2
sin
2
1
0
(

=
(

= =

=
t
t t
t

24. Find the sum of the fourier series of f(x) = x+x
2
in - t < x <t at x = t .
x = t is the point of discontinuity and end point of the range.
.
2
) ( ) (
) (
2
t
t t
=
+
=
f f
x f


25. What do you mean by harmonic analysis?
The process of finding the fourier series for a function y = f(x) from the tabulated values of x and y at
equal intervals of x is called Harmonic analysis.
PART B
1. Obtain the Fourier series for f(x) of period 2l and defined as follows
f(x) = L x , 0 < x < L
= 0 , L < x < 2L
Hence deduce that (i) 1 ( 1 / 3 ) + ( 1 / 5 ) ( 1 / 7 )+ . = t /4,
(ii) ( 1 / 1
2
) + ( 1 / 3
2
) + ( 1 / 5
2
) +.. = t
2
/8
2. Find the Fourier series expansion of period L for the function
f(x) = x in ( 0 , L / 2 )
= L - x in ( L / 2 , L )
Hence deduce the sum of the series E 1 / ( 2n 1)
4
.
3. Find the half range cosine series of f(x) = (t - x
2
) in the interval (0 , t). Hence find the sum of
the series ( 1 / 1
4
) + ( 1 / 2
4
) + ( 1 / 3
4
) +..
4. Find the Fourier series as the second harmonic to represent the function given in the following data.



5. Expand f (x) = x
2
x as Fourier series in ( - t , t )
6. Find the Half range cosine series given f(x) = x , 0 < x < 1
= 2 - x , 1 < x < 2
7. Find the Fourier series of period 2t as far as second harmonic given
X
0
0
0
30
0
60
0
90
0
120
0
150
0
180
0
210
0
240
0
270
0
300
0
330
0
360
0

Y 2.34 3.01 3.69 4.15 3.69 2.2 0.83 0.51 0.88 1.09 1.19 1.64 2.34

8. Find the Fourier series for f(x) = | cos x | in the interval ( - t, t )
9. Find the Fourier series for f(x) = | sin x | in the interval ( - t, t ).
10. Find the Fourier series for f(x) = x sin x in the interval ( - t, t ).
11. Find the half range sine series for f(x) = x (t - x ) in the interval (0, t) and deduce that
( 1 / 1
3
) - ( 1 / 3
3
) + ( 1 / 5
3
) -..
12. Obtain the half range cosine series for f(x) = x in ( 0 , t )
13. Find the Fourier series of f(x) = x
2
in the interval ( -t , t).
Hence find (1/1
4
)+(1/2
4
)+(1/3
4
)+..
14. Obtain a Fourier expansion for \( 1 cosx) in - t < x < t.
15. Obtain the cosine series for f(x) = x in 0 < x < t and deduce that E 1 / (2n-1)
4
=t
4
/ 96
16. Find the Fourier series for the function f(x) = x , 0 < x < 1
= l - x , 1 < x < 2
Hence deduce that ( 1 / 1
2
) + ( 1 / 3
2
) + ( 1 / 5
2
) +.. = t
2
/8

X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Y 9 18 24 28 26 20
17. Find the Fourier series of f(x) = 0 , -1 < x < 0
= 1 , 0 < x < 1
18. Obtain the Sine series for f(x) = x , 0 < x < L / 2 and f(x) = L - x , L / 2 < x < L .
19. Determine the Fourier series expansion of f(x) = x in - t < x < t.
20. Find the half range cosine series for x sinx in ( 0 , t).
21. Obtain the Fourier series of period 2t for the function f(x) = 1 in (0, t)
= 2 in (t,2t)
Hence find the sum of ( 1 / 1
2
) + ( 1 / 3
2
) + ( 1 / 5
2
) +..
22. Obtain the Fourier series for the function
f(x) = tx , 0 < x < 1
= t (2 x) , 1 < x < 2
23. Obtain the Fourier series for f(x) = 1 + x + x
2
in (-t, t).
Deduce that ( 1 / 1
2
) + ( 1 / 2
2
) + ( 1 / 3
2
) +.. = t
2
/ 6.
24. Obtain the constant term and the first harmonic in the Fourier series expansion for
f (x) where f(x) is given in the following table.
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
F(x) 18.0 18.7 17.6 15.0 11.6 8.3 6.0 5.3 6.4 9.0 12.4 15.7
25. Expand the function f(x) = x sinx as a Fourier series in the interval [ -t , t ].
26. Obtain the half range cosine series for f(x0 = ( x - 2 )
2
in the interval 0 < x < 2. Deduce that E 1 / (
2n 1)
2
= t
2
/ 8.
27. Find the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function f (x) of period 2l
defined by f(x) = L + x , -L < x < 0
= L - x , 0 < x < L . Deduce that E 1 / ( 2n 1)
2
= t
2
/ 8.
28. Find the half range sine series for x cosx in ( 0 , t).
29. Find the half range Fourier sine series for f(x) = x
2
in the interval (0, t)
30. Expand f (x) = sinx , 0 < x < t
= 0 , t < x < 2t as a Fourier series of periodicity 2t &
Evaluate [ 1 / (1.3 ) ] + [ 1 / (3.5) ] + [ 1 / ( 5.7) ] + ....
31. Determine the Fourier sine series for the function f(x) = x
2
of period 2t

in the interval (0, 2t)
32. Find the Half- range cosine series for the function f (x) = x (t - x) in 0 < x < t. Deduce that (1 / 1
4
) + (
1 / 2
4
) + ( 1 / 3
4
) +.. = t
4
/ 90.
33. Find the complex form of Fourier series for the function f (x ) = e
x
in 1 < x < 1.
34. Determine the Fourier series for the function
f (x) = -1 + x , -t < x < 0
= 1 + x , 0 < x < t . Hence deduce that 1 ( 1 / 3 ) + ( 1 / 5 ) - .. = t / 4.
35. Obtain the Fourier series of the function f(x) = x for 0 < x < H
= 2H - x for H < x < 2H.
36. Find the Fourier series of f(x) = (H - x)
2
/ 4 in 0 s x s 2H. Hence deduce that

6
.....
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
2 2 2
t
= + + + .

37. Find the Fourier series of f(x) = x
2
/ 2 in -H s x s H. Hence deduce that

12
.....
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
2 2 2
t
= + + + .
38. If f(x) = x + x
2
in -H < x < H, P.T.
f(x) = (H/3)-4 . ...
3
3 sin
2
2 sin
1
sin
2 ...
3
3 cos
2
2 cos
1
cos
2 2 2 (

+ +
(

+
x x x x x x


6
1
2
1
2
t
=

= n
n
Deducethat .
UNIT-II- FOURIER TRANSFORMS
PART-A
1. Write the Fourier transform pair .
F[f(x)] = F(s) =
}

H
dx e x f
isx
) (
2
1

f(x) = =

)] ( [
1
s F F
}

H
ds e x f
isx
) (
2
1

2. State the convolution theorem for Fourier transform.
If F[f(x)] = F(s) and F[g(x)] = G(s) then F[f(x) * g(x)] = F (s) . G(s)
where f*g =
}

H
dt t x g t f ) ( ) (
2
1

3. If Fc[s] is the Fourier cosine transform of f(x) ,then the Fourier cosine transform of f(ax) is
|
.
|

\
|
a
s
F
a
c
1

4. If F(s) is the Fourier transform of f(x),then the formula for the Fourier transform of f(x)cosax
in terms of F is
| | ) ( ) (
2
1
a s F a s F + +

5. If F(s) is the Fourier transform of f(x),then the Fourier transform of f(x-a) is ) (s F e
ias

i.Say true or false .
ii.Justify the above statement .
True.Since F[f(x-a)] =
}

H
dx e a x f
isx
) (
2
1

Put x-a = t,dx = dt,t : -
=
}

+
H
dt e t f
t a is ) (
) (
2
1

F[f(x-a)] = ) (s F e
ias


6. Find Fourier cosine transform of e
-x
.
Fc(e
-x
) =
H
2

}

0
cossxdx e
x =
H
2
|
.
|

\
|
+1
1
2
s

7. Find Fourier sine transform of

.
We know that FS[f(x)] =
H
2
}

0
sin ) ( sxdx x f

=
H
2
}

0
sin
1
sxdx
x
=
H
2

2
H

=
2
H




8. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) = 1, |x| < a
0, |x| > a > 0
F[f(x)] =
}

H
a
a
isx
dx e
2
1

=
|
.
|

\
|
H s
sa sin 2

9. The Fourier transform of e
-|x|
is ..
a)

+ b)

+ c)

+ d)

+

Ans: F(s) = F[e
-|x|
] =

+
10. The Fourier sine transform of

is

+
i)Say true or false
ii)Justify the statement.
False, since Fs[

] = --

Fc[e
-ax
] =

11. The Fourier transform of F[x
n
f(x)] is .. if the Fourier transform of f(x) is F(S).
Ans: (-i)
n

F(s)


12. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) = 1 in (0,l).
F[f(x)] =

]
13. State Parsevals identity of Fourier transform.

2
dx =

2
ds
14. Write any two applications of Fourier transforms.
i) Solution of ODE
ii) Solution of PDE
15. FS *

+ = .
a)

b)

c)

) d)

)
Ans: c) since FS *

+ =

sinsx dx
Differentiating on both sides w.r.t s we get

[Fs(s)] =

sinsx) dx
=

Integrating on both sides w.r.t s we get
[Fs(s)] =

)
PART- B
1. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) =exp(-a
2
x
2
) , a>0. Hence show that exp(-x
2
/2) is
self reciprocal under Fourier transform.
2. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) = 1 for lxl<1
= 0 otherwise.
Hence prove that

sinx/x dx =

sin
2
x/x
2
dx = /2.

0

0

3. Find the Fourier sine transform of f(x) = sinx 0<x
= 0 x<.
4. Find the Fourier cosine transform of e
-4x
. Deduce that

cos 2x / (x
2
+ 16) dx = (/8)e
-8
and

0

x sin 2x / (x
2
+ 16) dx = (/2)e
-8
.

0
5. State and Prove Convolution Theorem for Fourier transform.
6. Find Fourier sine and cosine transform of e
-x
and hence find Fourier sine transform of x/(1+x
2
)
and Fourier cosine transform of 1/(1+x
2
).
7. Find the Fourier transform of e
-alxl
if a>0. Deduce that
(i)

1/ (x
2
+ a
2
)
2
dx = /4a
3
. and

cosxt/ (t
2
+ a
2
) dt = (H/2a)e
-lxl

0 0
8. Find the Fourier sine transform of x.exp(-x
2
/2).
9. Find Fourier cosine transform of f(x) = 1-x
2
, lxl1
= 0, lxl>1.
Hence prove that (a)

(sin x xcosx) cos(x/2) / x

3
dx = 3/16 .

0

(b)

[(sin x xcosx) / x
3
]
2
dx = /15 .

0

(c)

[(sin x xcosx) / x
3
] dx = /4 .

0
10. Derive the Parsevals identity for Fourier transforms.
11. Find the Fourier sine and cosine transform of
f(x) = {x for 0<x<1
2-x for 1<x<2
0 for x>2}.
12. Verify Parsevals Theorem of Fourier transform for the function
f(x) = {0 for x<0
e
-x
for x>0}.
13. Find the Fourier cosine transform of exp(-x
2
).
14. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) = 1-lxl if lxl<1.
= 0 lxl1. Hence deduce

(sint/t)
4
dt = /3.

0
15. Find the Fourier sine transform of e
-ax
/x, where a>0.
16. Evaluate

1/ (x
2
+ a
2
)(x
2
+ b
2
) dx using Fourier transforms.

0

17. Find the Fourier cosine transform of exp(-a
2
x
2
). Hence find the Fourier sine transform of
x exp(-a
2
x
2
).
18. Find the Fourier transform of exp(-a
2
x
2
). Hence prove exp(-x
2
/2) is self reciprocal.
19. Find Fourier sine and cosine transform of x
n-1
where 0<n<1, x>0.Deduce that 1/x is self
reciprocal under both Fourier sine and cosine transform.
20. Using Parsevals identity for Fourier cosine transform of e
-ax
& Hence find

1/ (x
2
+ a
2
)
2
dx.

0

21. Find the Fourier sine transform of e
-ax
(a>0). Hence find Fs{xe
-ax
}.
22. Find the Fourier sine transform of f(x) = sinx, 0<x<a
= 0, x>a.
23. If F[f(x)] = F(s), prove that F[f(ax)] = (1/lal )F(s/a).
24. Find the Fourier transform of e
-alxl
, a>0. Hence deduce that F[x e
-alxl
] = i[2as/(a
2
+s
2
)
2
]
(2/ ).
25. Find the Fourier sine transform of the function f(x) = e
-ax
/x.
26. Find the Fourier transform of the function e
-

lxl
. Using Parsevals identity

dx/(x
2
+1)
2
=H/4

0
27. Prove that the Fourier tranform of exp(-x
2
/2) is exp(-s
2
/2) & deduce that
F(x.exp(-x
2
/2)) = (is) exp(-x
2
/2).
28. Find the Fourier cosine transform of f(x) ={cosx 0<x
0 x<}.
29. Find the Fourier sine transform of e
-lxl
.
Hence show that

(xsin mx)/(1+ x
3
)dx = H

e
-m
/2 ,m>0.

0
30. Find the Fourier cosine transform of e
-4x
.


Deduce that

(cos2x)/(16+ x
2
)dx = H

e
-8
/8 ,and
0

(xsin2x)/(16+ x
2
)dx = H

e
-8
/2 .

0
31. Find the Fourier cosine transform of e
-at
and hence deduce that t.e
-at
is 2as/(s
2
+ a
2
)
2
32. Using tranform methods, evaluate (i)

1/ (x
2
+ a
2
)
2
dx and

x
2
/ (x
2
+ a
2
)
2
dx, where a>0
0 0
33. Find Fourier sine and cosine transform of e
-x
and hence find the Fourier transform of x/(1+x
2
)and find
the Fourier cosine transform of 1/(1+x
2
)
34. Find the Fourier sine transform of (exp(-x
2
/2))/x Find F.S.T of 1/x.
UNIT III PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
PART-A
1. Say True or False.
If the number of arbitrary constants to be eliminated is equal to the number of independent
variables, the process of elimination results in a PDE of the first order.
Answer: True
2. Say True or False.
If the number of arbitrary constants to be eliminated is more than the number of independent
variables, the process of elimination results in a PDE of the first order.
Answer: The process of elimination results in a PDE of second or higher orders.
3. Choose the best answer:
In the formation of ODEs, the order of the equation is -------- the number of constants eliminated.
a. More than b. Less than c. equal to d. not equal to
Answer: equal to
4. Say True or False.
By using the techniques of elimination of constants or functions, we get unique PDEs.
Answer: False
5. Fill in the blanks:
A solution of a PDE which contains as many arbitrary constants as the number of independent
variables is called the -------------- of the equation.
Answer: Complete solution

6. Fill in the blanks:
A solution of a PDE which contains as many arbitrary functions as the order of the equation is called
the -------------- of the equation.
Answer: General solution
7. Say True or False.
The singular solution will neither contain arbitrary constants nor arbitrary functions.
Answer: True
8. Fill in the blanks:
A PDE which contains the partial derivatives which are of the first degree is said to be --------
Answer: Linear

9. Fill in the blanks:
A linear PDE which is of the form Pp + Qq = R where P,Q,R are functions of x,y,z, is called Answer:
Lagranges linear equation
10. Say True or False.
If the RHS member of the given PDE is zero, then there is no Particular Integral in the general
solution.
Answer: True
11. Form the PDE by eliminating a and b from .
By differentiating the given, with respect to x and y , we get,
By substituting this in the given equation, we get,
12. Form the PDE by eliminating a and b from

.
By differentiating the given, with respect to x and y , we get,
By substituting this in the given equation, we get,

which is the required PDE

13. Form the PDE by eliminating a and b from .
By differentiating the given, with respect to x and y , we get,
By substituting this in the given equation, we get, which is the required PDE
14. Form the PDE by eliminating f from

.
By differentiating the given, with respect to x and y , we get,

Dividing these two, we get, which is the required PDE
15. Form the PDE by eliminating f from .
By differentiating the given, with respect to x and y , we get,

Dividing these two, we get, which is the required PDE
16. Form the PDE by eliminating arbitrary functions from .
By differentiating the given, with respect to x and y , we get,

From this, which is the required PDE
17. Form the PDE by eliminating arbitrary functions from .
By differentiating the given, with respect to x and y , we get,

From this, which is the required PDE

18. Fill in the blanks.
The complete solution of the PDE is ..
Answer:

19. Fill in the blanks.
The complete solution of the PDE

is ..
Answer:
20. Solve

By direct integration, we get,

where f(y) and g(y) are arbitrary functions.

21. Solve

22. Solve (

)
CF =

) , PI = 0, So

) which is the required

solution.
23. Obtain PDE by eliminating arbitrary constants a and b from (x-a)
2
+ (y-b)
2
+ z
2
= 1.
Partially differentiating the given equation with respect to x and y, we get,
x - a = -z p and y - b = -z q
Substituting x-a and y-b in the given equation, we get,

This is the required PDE.

24. Form the PDE of all spheres whose centers lie on the z-axis.
The Equation of such sphere is

I) , where r & c are constants
Partially differentiating I with respect to x and y, we get,
2x + 2(z-c)p = 0 ... (II)
2y + 2(z-c)q = 0 ie.,(z-c) = -

. (III)
Substituting (III) in(II) we get, xq=yp which is the required PDE
25. Find the complete integral of the PDE (1-x)p + (2-y)q = 3z.
This is of the type z = px + qy + f(p,q)
The given eqn can be written as
Z = px + qy - p 2q + 3
The complete integral is
Z = ax + by - a 2b + 3 .. I
To find singular integral :
Partially differentiating I with respect to a and b and then equating to zero we get,

. II

. III
To find singular integral we have to eliminate a & b from I, II & III. For substituting II & III in I we
get z = 3, which gives the singular integral.
26. Form the PDE by eliminating arbitrary function from |(z
2
xy, x/z) = 0.
Let u =

V =

Then the gn eqn is of the form (u,v) = 0
The elimination of from the above eqn we get |

| = 0
|

| = 0
ie.,

27. Find the general solution of 4(c
2
z/cx
2
) 12(c
2
z/cxcy) + 9(c
2
z/cy
2
)= 0.
A.E is

General solution is

y -

)
28. Find PI of (

) .
PI =

29. Find PI of

.
PI =

30. Find PI of

.
PI =

Part - B
1. Solve: (D
2
+ 4DD 5D
2
)z = sin (x-2y) + 3 e
2x-y
.
2. Find the general solution of (3z-4y)p + (4x-2z)q = 2y-3x.
3. Solve: (D
2
2DD + D
2
3D + 3D + 2)z = (e
3x
+ 2e
-2y
)
2
.
4. Find the singular integral of z = px + qy + p
2
+ pq + q
2
.
5. Solve: (D
2
5DD + 6D
2
)z = y sinx.
6. Solve: (D
2
+ 2DD + D
2
)z = x
2
y + e
x-y
.
7. Solve: (x-2z)p + (2z-y)q = y x.
8. Solve: (D
2
+ 4DD 5D
2
)z = sin(2x+3y).
9. Solve: (y
2
+ z
2
)p xyq + xz = 0.
10. Solve: (D
2
6DD + 5D
2
)z = e
x
sinhy + xy.
11. Solve: p(1-q
2
) = q(1-z).
12. Solve: (D
2
4DD + 4D
2
)z = e
2x+y
.
13. Solve: (x
2
+y
2
+yz)p + (x
2
+y
2
xz)q = z(x+y).
14. Solve: (D
2
DD 20D
2
)z = e
5x+y
+ sin(4x-y).
15. Solve: z = p
2
+ q
2
.
16. Solve: (D
2
+ DD 6D
2
)z = e
3x+y
+ x
2
y.
17. Solve: (x+y)zp + (x-y)zq = x
2
+y
2
.
18. Solve: (D
2
+ 2DD + D
2
+ 2D + 2D + 1)z = e
2x+y
.
19. Solve: (D
2
+ DD - 6D
2
)z = y cosx.
20. Find the PDE by eliminating f and | from z = f(y) + |(x+y+z).
21. Solve: y
2
p xyq = x(z-2y).
22. Solve: (i) x(y-z)p + y(z-x)q = z(x-y), (ii)(y+z)p (x+z)q = x-y.
23. Solve: (y-z)p (2x+y)q = (2x+z).
24. Solve: (y-xz)p + (yz-x)q = (x+y)(x-y).
25. solve: (mz-ny)p + (nx-lz)q = ly-mx.
26. solve: (x
2
-yz)p + (y
2
- zx) = z
2
xy.
27. solve: x(y
2
z
2
)p y(z
2
+ x
2
)q = z(x
2
+ y
2
).
28. solve: (z
2
2yz y
2
)p + (xy + xz)q = xy xz.
29. solve: (i) p
2
+ x
2
y
2
q
2
= x
2
z
2
, (ii) p
2
+ q
2
= z
2
(x
2
+ y
2
).
30.
y x
e
y
z
y x
z
x
z
solve
+
=
c
c
+
c c
c

c
c
2
2
2 2
2
2
4 4 : .
31. Solve: (D
3
7DD
2
6D
3
)z = e
2x+y
+ sin(x+2y).
32. x y
y
z
y x
z
x
z
solve cos 6 :
2
2 2
2
2
=
c
c

c c
c
+
c
c
.
33. Solve: (D
2
DD 2D
2
)z = 2x + 3y + e
3x+4y
.
34. Solve: (D
2
DD 20D
2
)z = e
5x+y
+ sin (4x-y).
35. Solve: (D
2
-DD+D-1)z = cos(x+2y).
36. Solve: (D
2
-D
2
-3D+3D)z = xy + e
x+2y
.

UNIT IV: APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. A string of length l has its ends x=0,x=l fixed. The point where x=l/3 is drawn aside a small distance h,
the displacement y(x,t) satisfies c
2
y/ct
2
=a
2
c
2
y/cx
2
. Find y(x,t) at any time t.
2. An infinitely long rectangular plate with insulated surface is 10 cm wide, and the two long edges and
one short edge are kept at 0

C temperature, while the other short edge x=0 is kept at temperature

given by
u= 20y for 0s ys5,
=20(10-y) for 5s ys10. Find the steady state temperature distribution in the plate.
3. An elastic string of length 2l fixed at both ends is disturbed from its position at equilibrium position
by imparting to each point an initial velocity of magnitude k(2lx-x
2
). Find the displacement function.
4. An infinitely long plate in the form of an area is enclosed between the lines y=0 y=H for positive
values of x. The temperature is zero along the edges y=0 y=H and the edge at infinity. If the edge x=0
is kept at temperature ky find the steady state temperature distribution in the plate.
5. A taut string of length l has its ends x=0 and x=l fixed. The mid point is taken to a small height h and
released from rest at time t=0. Find the displacement y(x,t)
6. Find the steady state temperature distribution in a rectangular plate of sides a and b insulated at the
lateral surface and satisfying the boundary conditions u(0,y)=u(a,y)=0 for 0s ysb u(x,b)=0 and
u(x,0)=x(a-x) for 0s xsa.
7. A metal bar 10cm long with insulated sides, has its ends A and B kept at 20
o
C and 40
o
C respectively;
until steady state conditions prevail. The temperature at A is then suddenly raised to 50
o
C and at the
same instant that at B is lowered to 10
o
C. Find the subsequent temperature at any point at the bar at
any time.
8. A string is stretched between two fixed points at a distance 2l apart and the points of the string are
given initial velocities u where u=cx/l in 0 < x < l ; c(2l-x)/l in l < x < 2l ; x being the distance from
one end point. Find the displacement of the string at any subsequent time.
9. Find the solution of the one dimensional diffusion equation satisfying the boundary conditions; (i) u
is bounded as t (ii) [ux]x=0 for all t (iii) [ux]x=a = 0 for all t (iv) u(x,0) = x (a-x) ,0 < x < a.
10. A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x=0 and x=l is initially at rest in its equilibrium
position. If it is set vibration by giving each point a velocity kx (l-x) . Find the displacement of the
string at any time.
11. A rectangular plate with insulated surface is 10cm wide so long compared to its width that it might
be considered infinite length. If the temperature along short edge y=0 is given u(x,0)=8 sin(tx/10)
when 0<x<10, while the two long edges x=0 and x=10 as well as the other short edge are kept at 0
0
c,
find the steady state temperature function u(x,y).
12. A tightly stretched flexible string has its ends x=0 and x=l. At time t=0, the string is given shape
defined by f(x)= kx
2
(l-x), where k is constant, and the released from rest. Find the displacement of
any point x of the string at any time t > 0.
13. The ends A and B of a rod l cm long have the temperatures 40
o
c and 90
o
c until steady state prevails.
The temperature at A is suddenly raised to 90
o
c and at the same time that at B is lowered to 40
o
c.
Find the temperature distribution in the rod at time t. Also show that the temperature at the mid
point of the rod remains unaltered for all time, regardless of the material of the rod.
14. A string of length 2l, fastened at both ends. Motion is started by displacing the string into the form y =
kx(2l-x) and then releasing it from this position at time t = 0. Find the displacement of the point of the
string at a distance x from one end at time t.
15. A rectangular plate of sides a and b has its faces insulated and the edges y = 0 and y = b and x = 0 are
kept at 0
0
C and the edge x = a is kept at temperature k(2y-b). Find the steady state temperature
distribution in the plate.
16. If a string of length l is initially at rest in its equilibrium position and each of its points is given a
velocity v such that v = cx for 0 < x < l/2
= c(l - x) for l/2 < x < l, show that the displacement at any
time t is given by y(x , t) =
)
`

+ .........
3
sin
3
sin
3
1
sin sin
4
3 3
2
l
t
l
x
l
t
l
x c l to t to t
o t
.
17. A uniform string is stretched and fastened to two points l apart. Motion is started by
displacing the string into the form of the curve y = kx(l - x) and then releasing it from this
position at time t = 0. Find the displacement of the point of the string at a distance x from
one end at time t.
18. A rectangular plate with insulated surfaces is o cm wide and so long compared to its width
that it may be considered infinite in length, without introducing an appreciable error. If the
two long edges x = 0 and x = a and the short edge at infinity are kept at temperature 0
0
C,
while the other short edge y = 0 is kept at temperature
o
tx
u
3
0
sin ,
find the steady state
temperature at any point (x,y) of the plate.
19. A taut string of length 2l is fastened at both ends. The mid point of the string is taken to a height of b
and then released from rest in that position. Find the displacement of the string at any time.
20. A string is stretched and fastened to two points l apart. Motion is started by displacing the string
into the form y = k(lx-x
2
) of any point on the string at a distance x from one end at time t.
21. Find the steady state temperature distribution in a rectangular plate of sides a and b insulated on the
lateral surface and satisfying the boundary conditions u(0,y)=0, u(a,y)=0, u(x,b)=0 and u(x,0)=x(a-x).


UNIT:V Z-TRANSFORM AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
PART-A
1. Define Z-transform.
The Z-transform of a sequence { } ) (n x is defined by
n
n
z n x z X

=
0
) ( ) ( where z is a
complex variable.
2. What is the region of convergence?
The region in which the series
n
n
z n x

0
) ( is convergent is called the region of convergence.
3. Find Z-transform of
.
n
na

{ }
( )
2
] [ ) (
a z
az
a z
z
dz
d
z a Z
dz
d
z na Z
n n

=
(

= =
.
4. Find Z-transform of
! n
a
n

.
!
1
!
0
z
a n
n
n
e
z
a
n n
a
Z = |
.
|

\
|
=
(

=

5. Find ] [
2
n Z in Z-transform.
] [
2
n Z =
( ) { } ( )
3 2
) 1 (
) 1 (
) 1 (
] [

+
=
(

=
z
z z
z
z
dz
d
z n Z
dz
d
z
.
6. Find | | ) 1 ( n n Z in Z-transform.
| | | | | | | |
3 2 3
2
2 2
) 1 (
2
) 1 ( ) 1 (
) 1 (

+
= = =
z
z
z
z
z
z z
n Z n Z n n Z n n Z
.
7. Find )
2
cos 2 (
t n
Z
n
.

| |
2 2
cos 2
) cos (
cos
r zr z
r z z
n r Z
n
+

=
u
u
u
.

| |
4
4
2
cos ) 2 ( 2
) 0 ( 2
2
cos 2
2
2
2 +
=
+

=
(

z
z
z z
z z n
Z
n
t
t
.
8. Find
|
.
|

\
|
2
sin 3
t n
Z
n
.

| |
2 2
cos 2
sin
sin
r zr z
zr
n r Z
n
+
=
u
u
u

2
sin 3
t n
Z
n
=
9
3
2
+ z
z
.
9. Find ] [
iat
e Z

in Z-transform.

iaT
ze z
iat iat
Z e Z e Z


= = ] 1 [ ] 1 . [ ] [


iaT iaT
iaT
ze z
e z
z
ze
ze
z
z
iaT

=
(

=
1 1
.
10. Find ] 2 cos [ t e Z
t
.
( )
1 2 cos 2
) 2 cos (
1 2 cos 2
) 2 cos (
) 2 (cos 2 cos
2 2 2
+

=
(

+

= =

T ze z e
T ze ze
T z z
T z z
T Z t e Z
T T
T T
ze z
ze z
t
T
T
.
11. State initial value and final value theorems.
IVT: If ) ( )] ( [ z F t f Z = , then
) 0 ( ) (
lim
f z F
z
=


FVT: If
) ( )] ( [ z F t f Z =
, then
) ( ) ( ) 1 (
lim lim
t f z F z
t z
=
.


12. Find
(

n
Z
1
in Z-transform.
(

n
Z
1
=
1
log )
1
1 log( .....
3
1
2
1 1 1
3 2
1

= = + + + =

z
z
z z z z
z
n
n
n
if 1 > z .
13. Find
(

2
cos
t n
Z and
(

2
sin
t n
Z .

| |
1
) (
) (
2
2 2
+
+
=

= =
(

=
(

z
i z z
i z
z
i z e Z e Z
n n
i in t t

1 1 2
sin
2
cos
2 2
2
+
+
+
=
(

+
z
z
i
z
z n
i
n
Z
t t

2
cos
t n
Z
=
1
2
2
+ z
z
and
(

2
sin
t n
Z
=
1
2
+ z
z
.
14. State second shifting theorem in Z-transform.
If | | ) ( ) ( z F n f Z = , then
| | |
1 2
) 1 (
.....
) 2 ( ) 1 (
) 0 ( ) ( ) (

= +
k
k
z
k f
z
f
z
f
f z F z k n f Z
.
15. State convolution theorem for Z-transform.
If | | ) ( ) (
1
n x z X Z =

and | | ) ( ) (
1
n y z Y Z =

then

| |

=

= =
n
k
k n y k x n y n x z Y Z x Z
0
1
) ( ) ( ) ( * ) ( ) ( ) (
.
16. Solve 0 2
1
=
+ n n
y y given 2
0
= y .
Taking Z-transform z n y z z 2 )) ( ( ) 2 ( =
| |
2
2
) (

=
z
z
n y Z
1 1
2 2 . 2
2
2
) (
+
= =
(

=
n n
z
z
z n y .
17. Fill in the blanks:
(i) .........
4
3
......... ) 4 . 3 (

=
z
z
Z
n
.
(ii) Z-transform of n
n
* 2 is
2
2
) 1 )( 2 ( z z
z
.
18. Find | | ) 2 )( 1 ( + + n n Z .
| | ) 2 )( 1 ( + + n n Z = | | | | | | | |
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
3
) 1 (
1 2 3 2 3
2 3
2
2 2

+
= + + = + +
z
z
z
z
z
z z
Z n Z n Z n n Z .
19. Express { } ) 1 ( + n f Z in terms of ) (z f

.
{ } ) 1 ( + n f Z =
| | ) 0 ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
0 0
) 1 (
0
f z f z f z n f z z n f z z n f
n
n
n
n
n
n
=
(

= + = +


=

=
+

.
20. Using convolution theorem, find
(

2
2
1
) ( a z
z
Z .
(

2
2
1
) ( a z
z
Z =
n n
a a
a z
z
Z
a z
z
Z
a z
z
a z
z
Z ) ( * ) ( * .
1 1 1
=
(

+
(

+
=
(

+ +


=
n k n
k
k
a n a a ) )( 1 ( ) ( ) (
0
+ =

.


26. Choose the best answer :
20.
Z transform of ab
n
is .. a)
a z
bz

b)
b z
az

c)
b az
z

Answer : (b)
27. Choose the best answer :
The inverse Z transform of
2 2
a z
az
+
is a) b)
2
cos
t n
a
n

c)
2
sin
1
t n
a
n

Answer : (a)
23. Say true or false: Z transform of t is
( )
2
1 + z
Tz

Answer : False

24. Say true or false: Z transform of
n
1
is log
|
.
|

\
|
1 z
z

Answer : True


PART-B

1. Find the Z transform of f(n) = (2n+3)/(n+1)(n+2)
2. Find the Z transform of an and a
n
cosnu
3. Using Z transform method solve yn+2 +yn =2 given that y0= y1= 0.
4. Solve yn+2 -4yn+1+4yn=0, given yo=1 and y1=0.
5. State and prove final value theorem in Z transform.
6. Find the inverse Z transform of (z(z+1)) / (z-1)
3

7. Find Z
-1
(z(z
2
-z+2)/(z+1)(z-1)
2
) by using the method of partial fraction.
8. Using Z transform solve difference equation y(n+2)-4y(n+1)+4y(n)=0 given that y(0)=1 and y(1)=0
9. Find the Z transform of 1/(n+1)(n+2)
10. Using convolution theorem evaluate Z
-1
(z
2
/(z-1)(z-3))
11. Using Z- transform solve y(n)+3y(n-1)-4y(n-2)=0, n>2 given that y(0)=3 and y(1)= -2
12. Find Z
-1
(z
3
/ ((z-1)
2
((z-2)) by using the method of partial fraction.
13. Prove that z(1/n+1) =z log (z /z-1)
14. State and prove second shifting theorem in Z transform
15. Find the Z transform of (i) n-1 (ii) n+1 (iii) 1/(n+1)(n+2) (iv) (n+1)(n+2)/2
16. State and prove convolution theorem.
17. Using convolution theorem, find (i) Z
-1
[z
2
/(z-a)(z-b)] (ii) Z
-1
[z
2
/(z-1)(z-3)]
18. Obtain the inverse Z transform of z
2
/(z+2)(z
2
+4)
19. Find the inverse Z transform (i) (z
2
+z)/(z-2)
3
(ii) (z
2
+z)/(z-1)
2


**********