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Figure 2 - Allowable pedestal vibration during run up, run down and over.peed
In most cases It IS not normal practice to define TRIP settings dunng run up, run down and overspeed. For example,
If excessive Vibrations build up dunng run up It may be more appropnate to reduce speed rather than to Initiate a
TRIP On the other hand there IS little pomt In Initiating a hlgh-vlbraliOn TRIP dunng run down since thrs Will not
change the action (I.e. to run down) which has already been taken.
4.3 Criterion II: Change in vibration magnitude
Thrs cntenon provides an assessment of a change In Vibration magnitude from a previously established baseline
value. A significant Increase or decrease In broad-band vibratron magnitude can occur which requires some action
even though zone C of Criterion I has not been reached. Such changes can be Instantaneous or progressive With
time, and may Indicate that damage has occurred or be a warning of an Impending failure or some other Irregularity
Critenon II IS specihed on the baSIS of the change In broad.. band Vibration magnitude occurnng under steady-stare
operating conditions Such conditions allow for small changes In the generator power output at the normal operating
speed.
When Cnterion II IS applied, the Vibration measurements being compared shall be taken at the same transducer
location and onentation. and under approximately the same macrune operating conditions Srqruhcant changes from
the normal vibration magnitudes should be Investigated so that a dangerous suuatron can be avoroed. If the vibranon
magnitude changes by a Significant amount (typically 25 % of the zone boundary B/C), regardless of whether thrs
mcreases or decreases the magnitude of vibration. steps should be taken to ascertain the reason for the change
Diagnostic Investigations should then be irutiated to ascertain the reason for the change and to determme what
further acltons are appropnate.
The 25 % value IS provided as a quidehne for a Significant change In Vibration magnitude, but other values may be
used based on experience With a specinc machine.
7
ISIISO 10816-2: 2001
4.4 Supplementary procedures/criteria
The measurement and evaluation of vibration given in this part of ISO 10816 may be supplemented or replaced by
shaft vibration measurements and the appl icable criteria given in ISO 7919-2. It is important to recognize that there
is no simple way to relate bearing vibration to shaft vibration. or vice versa. The difference between the shaft absoIU1e
and shaft relative measurements is related to the bearing vibration but might not be numerically equal to it because
of phase angle differences. Thus. when the criteria of this part of ISO 10816 and those of ISO 7919-2 are both
applied in the assessment of machine vibration. independent shaft and bearing vibration measurements shalf be
made. If the application of the different criteria leads to different assessments of vibrat ion severity. the more
restrictive classification generally applies.
4.5 Evaluation based on vibration vector Information
The evaluation considered in this part of ISO 10816 is limited to broad-band vibration without reference to frequency
components or phase. This will. in most cases. be adequate for acceptance testing and for operational monitoring
purposes. However, for long-term condition monitoring purposes and for diagnostics. the use of vibration vector
information is particularly useful for detecting and defining changes in the dynamic state of the machine. In some
cases these changes would go undetected when using only broad -band vibration measurements (see. for example.
ISO 10816-1).
Phase- and frequency-related vibration information is being used increas ingly for condition monitoring and diagnostic
purposes. The specification of criteria for this. however. is beyond the present scope of this part of ISO 10816.
8
IMSO 1081S-2: 2001
AnnexA
(normative)
Evaluation zone boundaries
In most cases the values given in Table A.1 are consistent wrth ensuring satisfactory operation. However, in certain
cases, specif ic features associated with a particular machine type might require different zone boundary values to be
used (see 4.2.2.3).
Table A.l - Recommended values 'or bearing housing/pedestal vibration velocity 'or steam turbines
and generators 8t the zone boundaries
Shaft rotational apeecI
r/min
Zone boundary 1500 or 1800 3000 01"3 600
R.m. vibration velocity
mmis
AlB 2.8 3.8
BlC 5.3 7,5
C/O 8,5 t t ,8
NOTE 1 These values lelale 10 steady-state operabng conditions at rated speed 101 the lecommended measurement locations (see Fogure t I.
They appry 10 radIal vtbrauon measurements on all bea/lngs and to axiar vibrati on measurements on lIlrusl beanngs
NOTE 2 These values are valid lor steam turbines and generators mounted on /lgld and neXlble loundallons HOWlMtf. In general . Vlbrallon
magnItudeSobserved on machines on massive concrete Ioundalions are lower than those tormachineS WIthmore t1exlbleIoundallona
151150 10816-2: 2001
Annex B
(informative)
Example of setting ALARM and TRIP values
Consider the case of a 3 000 r/min large steam turbine generator set. The operational ALARM settings for a new
machine for which there is no prior knowledge of bearing vibration is normally set within zone C. The specific value
is often set by mutual agreement between the customer and machine manufacturer. For this example, assume it r.as
been set initially near the zone boundary BlC for each bear ing. for example to an r.m.s. value of 8,0 mmJs.
After a period of machine operation. the customer may consider the opt ion of changing the ALARM settings to reflect
the typical steady baseline values of vibration at each bearing. Using the procedure described in 4.2.3.2 as the basis.
the ALARM may be set for each bearing to equal the sum of the typical steady-state value obtained from experience
wIth the specific machine. and 25 % of the zone boundary B/C. Hence, if the typical steady-state r.rn.s, value at one
bearing is 4,0 mmls, a new ALARM setting of 5,9 mmls (Le. 4.0 mmJs + 0,25 x 7,5 mmJs) (see Table A.1) may be
used that is within zone B. If on another bearing the typical value IS 6.0 rnm/s. appl icaton of the procedure of 4.2.3.2
for this second bearing would result in a value of 7,9 rnrn/s. The difference between trus and the initial value is
insignificant and therefore the ALARM value would probably remain unchanged, within zone C.
For either bear ing. however, the machine TRIP value would remain at an r.rn.s. value of 11 ,8 mmls in accordance
with Criterion I. The basis for this is that the TRIP value IS a fixed value corresponding to the maximum vibrat ion 10
which the machine should be subjected.
10
isnso 108162: 2001
Bibliography
[1] ISO 2954. Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machmery - Requirements for instruments for
measuring vibration severity
[2] ISO 7919-1. Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts -
Part 1: General guidelines
[3] ISO 7919-3 . Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotating shafts -
Part 3: Coupled industrial machines
[4] ISO 7919-4. Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on rotatmg shafts-
Part 4: Gas turbine sets
[5] ISO 10814. Mechanical vibration - Susceptibility and sensitivity of machines to unbalance
[6] ISO 10816-3. Mechanical vibration - Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating
parts - Part 3: Industrial machines with nominal power above 15 kW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min
and 15 000 r/min when measured in situ
[7] ISO 10816-4. Mechanical vibration - Evaluat ion of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating
parts - Part 4: Gas turbine driven sets excluding aircraft derivatives
[8] ISO 133731. Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines - Vibration condition momtoring - Part 1:
General procedures
11
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