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Quantum Interest
The quantum inequalities of Ford and Roman, and in
particular the \quantum interest" conjecture, place severe
restrictions on the magnitude and duration of negative
energy uxes that may arise in free quantum elds in at
space.
L.H. Ford, Phys. Rev. D 43, 3972 (1991).
L. H. Ford and T. A. Roman, Phys. Rev. D51, 4277
(1995).
L.H. Ford and T.A. Roman,
The Quantum Interest Conjecture, gr-qc/9901074
F. Pretorius, Quantum interest for scalar elds
in Minkowski spacetime, gr-qc/9903055
= 121
da
d
(in 2D; ~ = c = 1)
t
observer
mirror
hi h
h i=
Z
1
1
min i; where
1
1
( ) (t)dt;
g t
( ) = 1 and
g t dt
( ) 0 8t:
g t
h mini = 241
1 g0 (t)2
dt;
g
(
t
)
1
and in 4D
Z 1
2
1
1
=
2
00
h min i = 16 2
g
(t) dt; (4D):
1
Then
h i:
min i = min
xd
g(t)
positive flux
g(t)
- xmax t0
2
-x t0
2
-t0
2
t0
2
negative flux
x t0
2
xmax t0
2
(t)g(t)dt
1
t
0 =2
d
1
xmax = R
:
y t0 =2 (t)g (t=x
max )dt
t0 =2
2. De ne the quantum interest as
Ep
jEmj = (1 + ):
Then one can always nd a scale factor x beyond which
0:
1
xmax d 1
(1 + ) g(b=x) g(a=x) g(amax =xmax ) x
:
r(t)
range of a max
range of a
g(t/x)
-x t0
2
-xmax t0
2
g(t/xmax)
g(t)
-t0
2
t0
2
t1
xmaxt0
2
range of b
x t0
2
For large x:
jg00 (0)j b2
2g(0)
g amax =xmax
(0)
xmax
d 1
+O(1=x3):
g t
20 2
;
<t<
0;0
elsewhere:
t t 1 t 0 =2
t0 = t0 ; so 0
x
xmax + 2.
xmax 1 and
2
2.00
1.00
0.00
-1.00
0.00
2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00
2.50
0.00
0.00
2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00
2=
2 (u;v) dudv:
10
(2 + 21 (r )2
+F (u)u;a u;b + G(v)v;av;b :
; + ; ;
= 121
da
d
11
= ag + ak ;
where
ak
ag
= ;
n ;
= dd
~
n
Then
( ) = 121 e2 c+
F u
12
d
d
e ak :
min i2D = e 2
min i2D;Minkowski :
13