1.

INTRODUCTION
Definition and ingredient of wastewater.
Wastewater is liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry,
agriculture, which often contains some contaminants that result from the mixing of wastewater from
different sources. Based on its origin wastewater can be classed as sanitary, commercial, industrial,
agricultural or surface runoff. [1]

Ingredients of wastewater are listed in table below:














Table 1. Ingredients of wastewater [1]










Parameters UNITS GUIDELINE VALUE
pH - 4-12
Suspended solids mg/l 24-5700
BOD5 mg/l 450-4,790
COD mg/l 80 - 95000
Total nitrogen mg/l 15-180
Total phosphorus mg/l 11-160
Oil and grease mg/l
10
Total coliform bacteria Mpn/100ml 400
Magnesium mg/l 25-49
Potassium mg/l 11-160
Chloride mg/l 48-469
Calcium mg/l 57-112
Legal limit of the disposal of wastewater from selected industry to the treatment pool of
Organized Industry Zone.
Parameters Standartization of IZSU
Temperature 40
pH 6.5-10.0
Suspended Solids (SS)
(mg/lt)
500
Oil and Grease (mg/lt) 250
Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD) (mg/lt)
4000
Sulfate (SO4) (mg/lt) 1000
Sulphure (S) (mg/lt) 2
Phenole (mg/lt) 10
Free Chlorine (F.Cl) (mg/lt) 10
Arsenic (As) (mg/lt) 3
TotalCyanide
(Tot.CN) (mg/lt)
10
Plumb (Pb) (mg/lt) 3
Cadmium (Cd) (mg/lt) 2
Total Chrome (Cr) (mg/lt) 5
Mercury (Hg) (mg/lt) 0.2
Copper (Cu) (mg/lt) 2
Nickel (Ni) (mg/lt) 5
Zinc (Zn) (mg/lt) 10
Tin (Sn) (mg/lt) 5
Boron (B) (mg/lt) 3
Tar and Petroleum Based
Oils (mg/lt)
50
Surface active agent
Biologically active substances are unbreakable
surface discharge is prohibited.
Table 2. Legal limit for wastewater [2]


Production rate/capacity of wastewater.
Q = 0.03 m
3
/s = 110 m
3
/h

Wastewater treatment methods and reuse of treated water.
Satisfactory disposal of wastewater, whether by surface, subsurface methods or dilution, is dependent on
its treatment prior to disposal. Adequate treatment is necessary to prevent contamination of receiving
waters to a degree which might interfere with their best or intended use, whether it be for water supply,
recreation, or any other required purpose.
Wastewater treatment, however, can also be organized or categorized by the nature of the treatment
process operation being used; for example, physical, chemical or biological. Examples of these
treatment steps are shown below. A complete treatment system may consist of the application of a
number of physical, chemical and biological processes to the wastewater. [5]

Physical

Sedimentation (Clarification)
Screening
Aeration
Filtration
Flotation and Skimming
Degassification
Equalization

Chemical

Chlorination
Ozonation
Neutralization
Coagulation
Adsorption
Ion Exchange

Biological

Aerobic
Activated Sludge Treatment Methods
Trickling Filtration
Oxidation Ponds
Lagoons
Aerobic Digestion

Anaerobic
Anaerobic Digestion
Septic Tanks
Lagoons


Reuse of treated water.
As shown in Table 3, treated water reuse may be applied in agriculture, industry, groundwater
recharge, and urban usage, including landscape irrigation and fire protection. Treated water reuse can
be adopted to meet the water demand in different fields and contribute to the conservation of
freshwater resources. [6]
Category of reuse Examples of applications
Urban use
Unrestricted
Restricted

Landscape irrigation of parks, playgrounds
Irrigation of areas with infrequent and
controlled access
Agricultural
Food crops

Non-food crops

Irrigation for crops grown for human
consumption
Irrigation for fodder, fibre, flowers
Environmental enhancement Artificial wetlands creation, natural wetland
enhancement, stream flow
Industrial reuse Cooling system water, process water, boiler
feed water, toilets, laundry
Residential use Cleaning, laundry, toilet, air conditioning
Table 3. Reuse areas of treated water [6]









Flow sheet of treatment method.


Figure 1. Flow sheet of treatment method