PRIST UNIVERSITY

(Estd. u/s 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

Vallam, Thanjavur -613403
________________________________________________________________________



B.Tech. (PT) Mechanical Engineering



QUESTION BANK


Course Details

Course Code & Title : UEPME54E1 Gas dynamics and Jet
Propulsion

Regulations : 2008 Regulation
(For Students admitted from June 2008 to June 2010)

Nature of the Course : Hard Core

Semester : III




H.O.D. Staff-In-Charge



GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION

UNIT-I

PART A 2 Marks

1) State the difference between compressible fluid and incompressible fluid.
2) Explain Mach cone and Mach angle.
3) Define Mach Number
4) Differentiate Laminar flow and turbulent flow?
5) Define stagnation velocity of sound
6) Define velocity of sound
7) A plane travels at a speed of 2400 km/h in an atmosphere of 5 C. Find the mach angle.
8) Define zone of action and zone of silence
9) Define stagnation state
10) Define critical velocity of sound.

PART B 16 Marks

1) a) Prove that for Isentropic flow
c
2
/ 2 + a
2
/ -1 = [ +1 / -1 ] a
*2
/ 2 (8)

b) Show that (8)
[ c/a
0
]
2
= M
2

_____________
1 + -1 / 2 M
2

2) Show that
a) a
2
/ -1 + c
2
= c
max
2
= a
0
2
/ -1 = h
0
(8)

b) p
0
p / c
2
= 1 + 1/4 M
2
+ 1/40 M
4
+ (8)

3) The air moving at a velocity of 150 m/s. The static conditions are 100 Kpa and 25C.
Calculate the Mach number and stagnation properties verify the values with table values.

4) An aircraft flies at a velocity of 700 Kmph in an atmosphere where the pressure is
75Kpa and temperature is 5C. Calculate the Mach number and stagnation properties.

5) A stream of air flows with a velocity of 250 m/s in a duct of 10 cm diameter. Its
temperature and pressure at that point are 5C and 40 Kpa. What will be its stagnation
pressure and temperature? What is the mass flow rate?

6) The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a flow passage are 2.45 bar,
26.5C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit Mach number is 2.5, determine the following for
adiabatic flow of a perfect gas ( = 1.3, R = 0.469 kJ/kg K)

1. Stagnation temperature
2. Temperature and velocity of gas at exit
3. The flow rate per square metre of the inlet cross section.




UNIT-II

PART A 2 Marks

1) Differentiate nozzle and diffuser
2) What are the types of nozzle?
3) What are the types of diffuser?
4) Differentiate between adiabatic flow and diabatic flow
5) State the expression for dA / A as a function of Mach number
6) Give the expression for A / A* in terms of Mach number
7) What is chocked flow through a nozzle?
8) What type of nozzle used for sonic flow and supersonic flow
9) When does the maximum mass flow occur for an isentropic flow with variable area?
10) For Isentropic flow write the expression for the density ratio between two section in
terms of mach number


PART B 16 Marks

1) Derive the expression for the area variation in terms of Mach number and velocity
variation in terms of Mach number.

2) Derive dA / A = dp /c
2
(1-M
2
)

3) Air is discharged from a receiver at p
0
= 6.91 bar and T
0
= 325C through a nozzle to an
exit pressure of 0.98 bar. If the flow rate is 3600 kg/h. Determine for isentropic flow.

1) Area, pressure and velocity at throat.
2) Area and Mach number at exit
3) Maximum possible velocity

4) An air nozzle is to be designed for an exit mach number of 3.5. The stagnation
conditions for the isentropic flow are 800 Kpa and 240C.Estimate pressure,
temperature, velocity and area at throat and exit for a mass flow rate of 3.5 kg/s.

5) A supersonic diffuser, diffuses air in an isentropic flow from a Mach number of 3 to a
Mach number of 1.5. The static conditions of air at inlet are 70 kPa and -7C. If the
mass flow rate of air is 125 kg/s, determine.

1. Stagnation conditions
2. Area at throat and exit
3. Static conditions of air at exit.

6) The pressure, velocity and temperature of air ( = 1.4, c
p
= 1 kJ/kg K) at the entry of a
nozzle are 2 bar, 145 m/s and 330 K. The exit pressure is 1.5 bar. Find

(a) What is the shape of the nozzle?
(b) Determine for isentropic flow
(i) The Mach number at entry and exit
(ii) The flow rate and maximum possible flow rate.



UNIT-III

PART A 2 Marks

1) What are the assumptions made for Rayleigh flow?
2) Give the two practical examples for Rayleigh flow
3) Write down the expression for the pressure ratio of two sections interms of Mach
number in Rayleigh flow
4) What is the value of Mach number of air at the maximum point in Rayleigh heating
process
5) Define Isothermal flow with friction.
6) What are the assumptions made for Fanno flow?
7) Differentiate Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow.
8) Write down the ratio of velocities between any two sections in terms of their Mach
numbers in a fanno flow
9) What are the three equations governing Fanno process?
10) Give two practical examples where the fanno flow occurs.

PART B 16 Marks

1) Air is heated in constant area duct from a Mach number of 0.2 to 0.8. The inlet
stagnation conditions are 2 bar and 93C. Determine the stagnation conditions of air at
exit, the amount of heat transferred per unit flow and change in entropy.

2) A combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant receives air at 350 K, 0.55 bar and 75 m/s.
The air fuel ratio is 29 and the calorific value of the fuel is 41.87 MJ/kg. Taking = 1.4,
R = 0.287 kJ/kg K for the gas, determine

a) Initial and final Mach number
b) Final pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas
c) Stagnation pressure loss in the combustion chamber
d) The maximum stagnation temperature attainable.

3) A gas at pressure of 0.69 bar and temperature of 278 K enters a combustion chamber at a
velocity of 60 m/s. The heat supplied in the combustion chamber is 1405.6 kJ/kg.
Determine the Mach number, pressure, temperature and velocity of the gas at the exit.
Take = 1.4, c
p
= 1.004 kJ/kg K

4) The Mach number at inlet and exit for a Rayleigh flow are M
1
= 3 and M
2
= 1.5. At inlet
static pressure of air is 50 kPa and stagnation temperature is 295 K. Find
a) All properties at exit
b) Stagnation pressure
c) Heat transferred
d) Maximum possible heat transfer
e) Change in entropy between section 1 and 2.





5) Air enters a pipe of 25 mm diameter, at a Mach number of 2.4 stagnation temperature of
300 K and static pressure of 0.5 bar. If the co-efficient of friction is 0.003, determine the
following for a section at which the Mach number reaches 1.2
1) Static pressure and temperature
2) Stagnation pressure and temperature
3) Velocity of air
4) Distance of this section from the inlet
5) Mass flow rate.

6) Air at 120 KN/m
2
and 40C flows through a 200 mm diameter pipe adiabatically. If the
upstream Mach number is 2.5, determine the maximum length of pipe and the properties
of air at exit. Also estimate the length of the pipe if the exit Mach number is 1.8. Take
f= 0.01.


UNIT-IV

PART A 2 Marks

1) What is oblique shock?
2) Define strength of shock wave
3) What are applications of moving shock wave?
4) Write the equation for efficiency of a diffuser
5) Shock waves cannot develop in subsonic flow? Why?
6) State the necessary conditions for a normal shock to occur in compressive flow.
7) Is the flow through a normal shock an equilibrium one?
8) Give the difference between Normal and Oblique shocks.
9) What are properties changes across a normal shock?
10) Calculate the strength of shock wave when normal shock appears at M = 2

PART B 16 Marks

1) The stagnation pressure and temperature of air at the entry of a nozzle are 5 bar and
450K respectively. The exit Mach number is 2.1 where a normal shock occurs.
Calculate the following quantities before and after the shock.

i) Static temperatures
ii) Stagnation temperatures
iii) Static pressures
iv) Stagnation pressures
v) Stagnation pressure loss
vi) Increase in entropy

2) A Jet of air entering the subsonic diffuser at p
0
= 1 bar, and T = 280 K. The entry Mach
number is 2 and the ratio of the exit to entry area of the diffuser is 4. If there is a normal
shock wave just outside the diffuser entry, determine the following for exit.

i) Mach number
ii) Temperature
iii) Pressure
iv) Stagnation pressure loss.

3) Air flows adiabatically in a pipe. A normal shock wave is formed. The pressure and
temperature of air before the shock are 150 kN/m
2
and 25C respectively. The pressure
just after the normal shock is 350 kN/m
2
. Calculate.

i) Mach number before the shock
ii) Mach number, static temperature and velocity of air after the shock wave.
iii) Increase in density of air
iv) Loss of stagnation pressure of air
v) Change in entropy

4) A convergent divergent nozzle is designed to expand air from a reservoir in which the
pressure is 800 KPa and temperature is 40C to give a Mach number at exit of 2.5. The
throat area is 25 cm
2
. Find

i) Mass flow rate
ii) Exit area
iii) When a normal shock appears at a section where the area is 40 cm
2
determine the
pressure and temperature at exit.

5) Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal shock obtain the following
relation. (Prandtly Meyer relation)
i) c
x
x c
y
= a*2
ii) M
x
* x M
y
* =1

6) Derive Rankine Hugoniot equation



UNIT-V

PART A 2 Marks

1) What is Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption (TSFC)?
2) Define propulsive efficiency
3) What are the main parts of Ramjet engine?
4) What is ram effect?
5) Find optimum propulsive efficiency when the jet velocity is 500 m/s and flight velocity
is 900 m/s
6) What is the type of compressor used in turbojet? Why?
7) What is thrust augmentation?
8) What is the basic difference between rocket propulsion and jet propulsion.
9) What is bipropellant?
10) Define specific propellant consumption

PART B 16 Marks

1) The flight speed of a turbojet is 800 km/h at 10,000 m altitude. The density of air at that
altitude is 0.17 kg/m
3
. The drag for the plane is 6.8 kN. The propulsive efficiency of the jet
is 60%. Calculate the SFC, Air-fuel ratio, Jet velocity. Assume the calorific value of fuel is
45000 kJ / kg and overall efficiency of the turbojet plane is 18%



2) With neat sketches the principle of operation of :
(i) Turbo fan engine and (8)
(ii) Ram jet engine (8)

3) (i) Compare the constructional features and operating performance of turbofan and turbojet
engines. (6)

(ii) Derive the expressions for the thrust (propulsive) power, propulsive efficiency, thermal
efficiency, overall efficiency and the optimum value of flight to jet speed ratio for a turbo jet
engine. (10)

4) (i) Discuss about theory of jet propulsion. (8)
(ii) What are the properties of good liquid propellants? (8)

5) (i) Derive expressions for specific thrust, thermal efficiency and propulsive efficiency of Jet
plane. (8)
(ii) With a neat sketch explain the construction and working of a Turbojet engine. (8)


6) (i) Compare solid and liquid propellant systems. (8)

(ii) With neat sketches explain the constructional features and working of a Turboprop
engine. (8)