Apparatus:

1. UTM or Beam apparatus with movable knife frame(bending fixture!

". #ernier $alipers! dial gauge! and a Tape measure. %alipers should be used to measure
the width and thi$kness of the beam. &ial gauge will be used to measure the defle$tion
of the beam. The tape measure is used to measure the length of the test region.
'. Metal beam. The beam should be fairl( re$tangular! thin and long .)pe$ifi$ dimensions
are dependent to the si*e of the test frame and available weights.
Theor(:
Bending test is performed on beam b( using the three point loading s(stem. The bending fixture
is supported on the platform of h(drauli$ $(linder of the UTM. The loading is held in the middle
$ross head. At a parti$ular load the defle$tion at the $enter of the beam is determined b( using a
dial gauge.
a. Simply supported beam: +n simpl( supported the " free ends of the beam are
supported b( knife edged supports of the loading frame and load is applied to a point ,
from the left support.
Above figure shows a simpl( supported beam
of length -! (A! B is the rea$tion for$es and . is
$on$entrated for$e a$ting at a distan$e , from
A. The /ea$tion for$es A and B are $al$ulated
using e0uilibrium e0uations 1MB23! and
1MB23.
)olving for support for$es A and B! as in fig 1
we get:
A2. (14x5l 6 B2.(x5l
The se$tion between the load and the right hand support is s(mmetri$al to this. The maximum
defle$tion is at the $enter of the bar! where x2-5" dire$tl( beneath the load.
b. Cantilever beam:+n a $antilever bar! one side of the bar is fixed and the other side free.
The e0uation for the defle$tion ( of the bar at the point of appli$ation of for$e is
mentioned in the worksheet.
Above figure shows that a load 7 is a$ting at a distan$e x from the fixed end .The length of the
beam being -. The support rea$tions being 7 itself sin$e 1.23 in the verti$al dire$tion. The
moment at the fixed end is given b(
M27.x (a$ting in the $lo$kwise dire$tion.
The influen$e of the length x for the defle$tion at the free end should be demonstrated in this
experiment ..or this purpose the for$e should be $onstant.
7ro$edure and 8xperimental setup
a. for simply supported beam
1. )et the knife supports at determined positions along the frame and mount the beam
to be tested.
". The material! width! thi$kness! and length between supports should be measured
and re$orded for later use.
'. 7la$e dial gauges along lengths of the test area (the area between the knife
supports and set the gauges to read *ero with no load applied (pla$e an( one dial
gauge on the $enter of the simpl( supported beam to measure the a$tual maximum
defle$tion
9. Adding the hook and hanger to the an( preferred point of the beam (where the load
7 will be a$ting at a distan$e , from right support or left support (in our $ase x is
measured from left support! re$ord the new readings for the gauges.
:. Add new loads onto the hanger! re$ording the new defle$tions for ea$h gauge after
ever( loading and the support rea$tions are $al$ulated b( using e0 1.
;. The theoreti$al defle$tion is $al$ulated b( using the formula mentioned in the
worksheet provided.
<. The $omparison is done with the theoreti$al and a$tual defle$tions and 7er$entage
error is $al$ulated.
b. for cantilever beam
1. Mount the beam to be tested to the loading frame of the UTM with bending fixture at
spe$ified at appropriate point (for $antilever $ase
". The material! width! thi$kness! and length between supports should be measured
and re$orded for later use.
'. 7la$e dial gauge at the $enter of the beam and set the gauge to read *ero with no
load applied.
9. Adding the hook and hanger to the an( preferred point of the beam (where the load
7 will be a$ting at a distan$e , from right hand side or left hand side (in our $ase x
is measured from the left hand side! re$ord the new readings for the gauges.
:. Add new loads onto the hanger! re$ording the new defle$tions for ea$h gauge after
ever( loading and the support rea$tions are $al$ulated b( using e0uation
(mentioned above in the theor( se$tion.
;. The theoreti$al defle$tion is $al$ulated b( using the formula mentioned in the
worksheet provided.
<. The $omparison is done with the theoreti$al and a$tual defle$tions and 7er$entage
error is $al$ulated.
=bservation data:
a. simply supported beam
Material:>>>>...>>>>>>>>>>
Critical dimensions:
-2>>>>>>>.m (test length
w2>>>>>>>m (width
t2 >>>>>>>.m (thi$kness
Positions of Dial gauge:
,12-5"2>>>>.m (at the $enter of beam
Position of Load acting:
,2>>>>>>>>..m
Deflection Data:
)T87 -=A& ?AU?8
/8A&+@?
Theoreti$al defle$tion at the $enter (as $al$ulated e0 in work sheet 2>>>>>>>>>.
A$tual defle$tion at the $enter2>>>>>>>>>>>.
A 8rror in a$tual reading (as $ompared to Theoreti$al 2>>>>>>>>>.
b. cantilever beam
Material:>>>>...>>>>>>>>>>
Critical dimensions:
-2>>>>>>>.m (test length
w2>>>>>>>m (width
t2 >>>>>>>.m (thi$kness
Position of Load acting:
,2>>>>>>>>..m
Deflection Data:
)-. @= -=A& ?AU?8 /8A&+@?
Theoreti$al defle$tion value (from worksheet 2>>>>>>>>>>..
A$tual defle$tion at the free end2>>>>>>>>>>>
A 8rror in a$tual reading (as $ompared to Theoreti$al 2>>>>>>>>>.
8xtra /eading material:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/136561/Mechanics-of-Materials-Beam-Defection-Test
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/T-M!D"!#/#tren$th%of%Materials/&dfs/5%1.pdf
http://www.cla$.or$.u'/beam-menu.html
Bui*:
Chi$h beam setup will defle$t to the maximum from the original shape for the given load
and beam dimensionD
&efle$tion of the $antilever beam is>>>>>>>>>
&efle$tion of a simpl( supported beam is>>>>>>>>.
&efle$tion is dire$tl( proportional to>>>>>>>.
&efle$tion is inversel( proportional to >>>>>>>>>>
Moment of inertia for a $ir$ular se$tion is given b( >>>>>>>>
8+ 2 flexural rigidit(. (T5.
The Maximum defle$tion for a $antilever beam when subEe$ted to U&- is at the $enter
(T5.
Moment of inertia for a re$tangular se$tion is given b( +2bdF'51" (T5.