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Gravitational constant
G
11 2 2
6.67 10 N m kg
Avogadros constant
N
A
23 1
6.02 10 mol
Gas constant
R
1 1
8.31 J K mol
Boltzmanns constant
k
23 1
1.38 10 J K
StefanBoltzmann constant
8 2 4
5.67 10 W m K
Coulomb constant
k
9 2 2
8.99 10 N m C
Permittivity of free space
0
12 2 1 2
8.85 10 C N m
Permeability of free space
0
7 1
4 10 T m A
Speed of light in vacuum
c
8 1
3.00 10 m s
Plancks constant
h
34
6.63 10 J s
Charge on electron
e
19
1.60 10 C
Electron rest mass
m
e
31 2
9.11 10 kg 0.000549 u 0.511 MeV c
= =
Proton rest mass
m
p
27 2
1.673 10 kg 1.007276 u 938 MeV c
= =
Neutron rest mass
m
n
27 2
1.675 10 kg 1.008665 u 940 MeV c
= =
Unified atomic mass unit
u
27 2
1.661 10 kg 931.5 MeV c
=
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
2
Metric (SI) Multipliers
Prefix Abbreviation Value
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deca
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
T
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
n
p
f
10
12
10
9
10
6
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
-1
10
-2
10
-3
10
-6
10
-9
10
-12
10
-15
Unit Conversions
1 light year (ly) = 9.46 10
15
m
1 parsec (pc) = 3.26 ly
1 astronomical unit (AU) = 1.50 10
11
m
1 radian (rad) = 180/
1 kilowatt-hour (kW h) = 3.60 10
6
J
1 atm = 1.01 10
5
N m
-2
= 101 kPa = 760 mm Hg
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
3
Electrical Circuit Symbols
cell
battery
lamp
ac supply
switch
ammeter
A
voltmeter
V
galvanometer
resistor
potentiometer
transformer
heating element
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
4
Equations
Core Additional Higher Level
Topic 1 Physics and physical
measurement
A
A
H
A
V
H
V
cos
sin
A A
A A
=
=
Topic 7 Measurement and
uncertainties
If y a b =
then y a b = +
If
ab
y
c
=
then
y a b c
y a b c
= + +
Topic 2 Mechanics
av
t
s
v
av
t
v
a
Topic 8 Mechanics
m
=
F
g
2
m
g G
r
=
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
5
Core Additional Higher Level
Topic 2 Mechanics (continued)
v u at = +
2
u v
s t
+
=
2
1
2
s ut at = +
2 2
2 v u as = +
s : displacement
t : time
u : initial speed
v : final speed
a : acceleration
m = F a
m = p v
t
p
F
Impulse t m = = F v
cos W Fs =
2
1
2 k
E mv =
2
k
2
p
E
m
=
p
E mg h =
F kx =
2
1
2 elas
E kx =
work
power =
time
Fv =
2 2
2
4 v r
a
r T
= =
Topic 8 Mechanics (continued)
1 2
2
mm
F G
r
=
1 2
p
mm
E G
r
=
m
V G
r
=
2
3
constant
T
R
=
fr s N
F F
fr k N
F F =
sin Fr =
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
6
Core Additional Higher Level
Topic 3 Thermal physics
F
p
A
=
Q mc T =
Q mL =
pV nRT =
Topic 9 Thermal physics
W p V =
Q U W = +
thermal energy transferred to the system Q + =
increase in internal energy of the system U + =
work done by the system W + =
h c
h
efficiency
Q Q
Q
=
c h
h c
(Carnot cycle)
Q Q
T T
=
h c
h
efficiency (Carnot cycle)
T T
T
=
Topic 4 Waves
1
f
T
=
v f =
1 1
2 2
sin
sin
v
v
=
1 1 2 2
sin sin n n =
c
n
v
=
Topic 10 Waves
s
moving source
1
1
f f
v
v
=
o
moving observer 1
v
f f
v
=
beat 1 2
f f f =
sin d n =
D
s
d
=
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
7
Core Additional Higher Level
Topic 5 Electricity and
magnetism
1 2 1 2
2 2
0
1
4
q q q q
F k
r r
= =
q
=
F
E
2
q
E k
r
=
V
E
d
=
q
I
t
V
R
I
=
2
2
V
P VI I R
R
= = =
1 2
R R R = +
1 2
1 1 1
R R R
= +
sin F qvB =
sin F IlB =
0
2
I
B
r
=
0 0
NI
B nI
l
= =
0 1 2
2
F I I
l r
=
Topic 11 Electromagnetism
0
1
4
q q
V k
r r
= =
V
E
x
cos BA =
Bvl =
N
t
p p
s s
V N
V N
=
0
rms
2
I
I =
0
rms
2
V
V =
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
8
Core Additional Higher Level
Topic 6 Atomic and nuclear
physics
2
E mc =
Topic 12 Quantum physics and
nuclear physics
E hf =
max
k
hf E = +
0 s
hf hf eV = +
h
p
=
0
e
t
N N
=
1
2
ln 2
T
=
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
9
Options Standard Level
Option A Mechanics extension
m
=
F
g
2
m
g G
r
=
1 2
2
mm
F G
r
=
1 2
p
mm
E G
r
=
m
V G
r
=
2
3
constant
T
R
=
fr s N
F F
fr k N
F F =
sin Fr =
Option B Quantum physics and nuclear physics
E hf =
max
k
hf E = +
0 s
hf hf eV = +
h
p
=
0
e
t
N N
=
1
2
ln 2
T
=
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
10
Options Standard Level
Option C Energy extension
W p V =
Q U W = +
thermal energy transferred to the system Q + =
increase in internal energy of the system U + =
work done by the system W + =
h c
h
efficiency
Q Q
Q
=
c h
h c
(Carnot cycle)
Q Q
T T
=
h c
h
efficiency (Carnot cycle)
T T
T
=
3
1
2
power = Av
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
11
Options Standard Level/Higher Level
Core (SL + HL)
Extension (HL only)
Option D Biomedical physics
12 2
0
0
10log where 10 W m
I
I
I
= =
0
e
x
I I
=
1
2
ln 2
x
=
load
Mechanical Advantage =
effort
distance moved by effort
Velocity Ratio =
distance moved by load
Absorbed Energy
Absorbed dose =
mass
total charge
Exposure =
mass
Dose equivalent = quality factor Absorbed dose
E B R
1 1 1
T T T
= +
Option E The history and
development of physics
Any formulas required will be found in the
core topics.
H 2 2
1 1 1
R
n m
=
2
h
x p
2
h
E t
Any other formulas required will be found in the
AHL topics.
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
12
Options Standard Level/Higher Level
Core (SL + HL)
Extension (HL only)
Option F Astrophysics
4
L AT =
3
max
2.90 10
(metres)
(kelvin) T
=
( )
( )
1
parsec
arc-second
d
p
=
2
4
L
b
d
=
H v d =
v
c
Option G Relativity
2
2
1
1
v
c
=
0
t t =
0
L
L
=
2
/
1
c
v u
v u
u
x
x
x
=
0
m m =
2
0 0
E m c =
2
E mc =
0
p m u =
2 2 2 2 4
0
E p c m c = +
2
f g h
f c
=
Sch 2
2GM
R
c
=
IB Diploma Programme: Physics Data Booklet, November 2002
13
Options Standard Level/Higher Level
Core (SL + HL)
Extension (HL only)
Option H Optics
1 1 2 2
sin sin n n =
1
sin
c
n
=
1 1 1
f u v
= +
i
o
h v
m
h u
= =
i
o
M
=
b
=
1.22
b
=
sin d n =