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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Earth collects more energy from the sun in one hour (4.3 x 10
20
joules or 174 petawatts)
that would require filling the annual demand (4.1x 10
20
joules) of humanity. Therefore, the
viability of solar energy depends comprehensively upon its ability to convert the energy from the
sun into electrical energy in a very efficient way (Docstoc, 2013).
Unlike gasoline or oil, electricity is a near perfect form of energy. Its easy to store,
relatively safe to use in moneymaking devices. This means its not only easier on the
surroundings, its also cheaper in the part of the consumer. The solar powered battery charger
has magnitude of applications, such as powering mobile phones, digital cameras and flashlights
(only with those USB port chargers).
Solar energy has proven its value as an alternative energy source because it is a low-
impact and emission-free. It has been implemented with much success for power networks with
hundreds of estates of huge solar concentrators. In the small-scale, solar energy has been
collected through the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels and have been used to power anything
from an iPod to a residential home.
Although PV systems are well thought-out part of the green energy revolution,
materials utilized for its construction are extremely hazardous to our environment and much care
must be taken to ensure that they were cast-off properly. Sunlight, however, produces enormous
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amounts of heat which only serves to heat up the surface of the solar cell. Although there are
some PV cells that have reached ability levels over 40% (world record is 41.6%), they are
enormously multifaceted and costly concentrated solar power (CSP) works differently because it
focuses solar energy in its whole rather than absorb it (Biello, 2009).
Our project aims to charge a typical capacity of Li-Poly battery. Lithium-Polymer
batteries are known for its widely adopted RESS (Rechargeable Energy Storage System) in
electric vehicle and becomes a key component especially considering the safety issue. In
addition, we would like to combine environmental-friendly used for large scale power objects
with the convenience of a small-scale consumer battery charger.

Objectives of the Study
General Objective
Our project differs in that power companies are able to gather immense amounts of heat
because they employ hundreds to thousands of large solar concentrators that can concentrate
sunlight from thousands of acres of land. Since our project is a somewhat scaled down version,
we are unlikely to collect enough heat to run a steam engine.
Specific Objectives
1. To help our fellow Filipino who experienced lack of electricity.
2. To help travelers to have a portable source of energy available.
3. To maximize the capability of what the environment can give us.
4. To promote eco-friendly power.
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Significance of the Study
Users. This paper will first support and give benefit the homes in terms of efficiency and
sanitation, especially with those who were outlying from the social change. The use of solar
powered battery charger with photovoltaic (PV) cells can yield a renewable source of energy that
can be harness energy that will be converted to electricity. Electricity from PV cells is free
meaning it is economical and more efficient, and also radiation free connoting that it is not
harmful to the environment.
Developers. This study will promote and will help the environment by providing an
alternative source of energy and other numerous advantages in an eco-friendly ways. This study
is significant in the promoting the use of solar energy to help solve environmental problems
concerning energy.
Future Researchers. They can use this paper as a foundation of information in teaching
conservational awareness to students and at the same time, students can use this study to improve
more information and knowledge about solar energy and apply it in their daily living. This can
be a basis for further dissemination of information in the numerous advantages of using not only
this solar powered battery charger but also by using solar panels to collect and store more energy
from the sun.

Scope and Delimitation
This paper will only discuss the benefits of using solar powered battery charger as an
alternative source of energy which gives mobile phones and other portable gadgets a battery
charge. It will also provide information about how solar panels work and how it can be used to
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consumed energy from the sun. This study will not deal with other renewable sources of energy
such as wind energy and other chargeable devices and tools like electric fan, laptops and other
large scale capacitated stuffs.

Operational Definition of Term
Capacitor a device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of
conductors separated by an insulator.
Concentrated Solar Power Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light
is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an
electrical power generator
Inverter it converts your storage battery power in DC to AC for you to run your
appliances. You will need a power inverter to supply your AC.
Joules the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton
when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force, equivalent
to one 3600th of a watt-hour.
Lithium Polymer the Lithium-Polymer battery is widely adopted RESS (Rechargeable
Energy Storage System) in electric vehicle and becomes a key component especially considering
the safety issue. The pouch cell, a common design of Lithium battery is in a vacuum packed thin
plate shape in which many stacking layers of thin cathode and anode electrodes are alternately
winded by a long ribbon of polyolefin separator.
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Ohms Law a law that shows the relationship between the voltage (V) and, current (I)
and resistance (R). In addition, circuits are consisting of just one source or in laymans term just
one battery and one resistance as the load are very simple to examine, but there were times that
theyre not usually found in practical applications.
Petawatts is a derived metric measurement unit of power. The petawatt is equal to one
billion millions watts (1015 W).It is possible develop an accelerator architecture which can serve
as the basis of the design of petawatt-class Z-pinch drivers.
Photovoltaic Cell a cell that converts solar energy into electrical energy.
Printed Circuit Board an electronic circuit consisting of thin strips of a conducting
material such as copper, which have been etched from a layer fixed to a flat insulating sheet
called a printed circuit board, and to which integrated circuits and other components are
attached.
Radiation the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic
particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.

Resistor a device having resistance to the passage of an electric current.
Solar Energy radiant light and heat from the sun, is harnessed using a range of ever-
evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, solar
architecture and artificial photosynthesis.
Solar Panel a set of solar photovoltaic modules electrically connected and mounted on
a supporting structure.
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Universal Serial Bus Port standard type of connection for many different kinds of
devices. Generally, USB refers to the types of cables and connectors used to connect these many
types of external devices to computers.
Watts the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the
power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one
ampere.


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