1.

Write down the process sequence of carded yarn production

Input Process/machine Output
Bale Blow room Lap
Lap Carding m/c Carded Sliver
Carded Sliver Drawing Drawn Sliver
Drawn Sliver Roving Frame/Speed Roving
Frame/Simplex
Roving Ring frame Yarn
Yarn Winding Cone/package
2. Write down the process sequence of combed yarn production
Input Process/machine Output
Bale Management
Fibre Blow room Lap
Lap Carding m/c Carded Sliver
Carded Sliver re comb Drawing Drawn Sliver
Drawn Sliver Lap former Mini Lap
Mini Lap Combing Combed Sliver
Combed Sliver o!t comb drawing Drawn Sliver
Drawn Sliver Simplex Roving
Roving Ring frame Yarn
Yarn winding cone
3. Write short note on Mixin ! "#endin
Mixin $ "f different grade of !ame fibre! are kept toget#er$ t#en it i! called mixing
"#endin $ W#en different fibre! of !ame or different grade! are kept toget#er$t#en it i! called blending%
%. Mention &arious types of mixin
&'pe! of mixing (
i) *ol+me mixing$
ii) Weig#t mixing$
iii) ,and !tock mixing$
iv) Bin mixing$
v) Mixing b' #opper$
vi) Lap mixing$
vii) Card mixing$
viii) Sliver mixing$
ix) -+tomatic mixing%
'. Why b#endin is important(
"mportance of blending .
)a* "mportant of proce!!ing performance%
)b* Development for newer +!age!%
)c* Minimi/ation of co!t%
)d* &o give t#e re0%c#aracteri!tic! to t#e end prod+ct%
)e* -vailabilit' of !tock%
+. Mention different types of "#endin operation
roce!! !tage of blending t'pe ( &'pe! of Blending operation
"#endin type Process stae
Bale mixing Before t#e blow room
Flock mixing Wit#in t#e blow room
Lap mixing 1!ing do+bling !c+tc#er!%
Web mixing -t t#e ribbon lap m/c$ or t#e blending draw frame%
Sliver mixing -t t#e draw frame 2 !liver$Lap or t#e comber%
Fibre mixing -t t#e card or Rotor !pg
n
m/c%
Roving mixing -t t#e ring !pg
n
m/c%
,. Why mixin is important(
a% roce!!ing importance 3!peed$ !etting 2 prod+ctivit')%
b% 4nd +!e!%
c% Co!ting%
-. .escribe &arious types of mixin
)a* /o#ume mixin ( ,ere$ vol+metric mixing i! performed% Cotton fibre! of different 0+alit' fall!
into t#e mixing bin 2 t#e bin! are filled in different vol+me b' pne+matic air% &#+! mixing i! done%
)b* Weiht mixin ( "n weig#t mixing$ different 0+alit' cotton fibre! are weig#ted at fir!t 2 t#en t#e'
are mixed in different weig#t3gm)%
)c* 0and stac1 mixin $ &#i! met#od i! a old t'pe of mixing% 5ormall' +!ed to
prod+ce #ig#er co+nt 'arn% &#i! mixing i! done entirel' wit# t#e #elp of #and%
)d* "in mixin $ "n bin mixing$ cotton flock! are tran!ferred from t#e bale opener into pipe line% &#e
pipe dia i! 678 2 it pa!!e! over t#e bin!$ Fibre flock! are delivered into t#e bin! from t#e
deliver' boxe! of t#e pipe placed in t#e pipe%
)e*2ap mixin $ "n lap mixing$ do+ble!c+tc#er i! +!ed% 9ne i! breaker !c+tc#er 2 anot#er one i! fini!#er
!c+tc#er% Different grade 2 different 0+alit' lap! are prod+ced in t#e breaker !c+tc#er% Fo+r lap !tand! are
placed before t#e fini!#er !c+tc#er% For feeding fo+r lap!% &#erefore$
mixing can be done different ratio$ like%$6/:; 6/6; :/6; 6/6/<; </6/6 or 6/6/6/6 etc%
&#i! met#od i! !till +!ed !+cce!!f+ll'%
)e* 3utomatic mixin $ "n t#i! met#od$ cotton fibre! are mixed a+tomaticall' b' different a+tomated m/c!
wit#o+t breaking bale! man+all'% ,ere$ t#e n+mber of bale! are placed bot# !ide of t#e m/c longit+dinall'%
&#e m/c move! in traver!ing motion 2 extract t#e fibre! from t#e bale! into t#e d+ct
for mixing% For example$ +nimix of Reiter%
)f* 4ard mixin $ &#i! mixing i! !ometime +!ed in t#e #ig# prod+ction carding$ w#ere two lap! are
fed 2 mixed toget#er%
)* 5#i&er mixin $ "n t#i! met#od$ different carded !liver! are +!ed in a partic+larration b' do+bling to
mix t#e fibre! in draw frame%
)h* Mixin by hopper $ "n t#i! met#od$ at fir!t cotton fibre! are pa!!ed into t#e bale breaker from
w#ere t#e fibre! fall! on a lattice% - !erie! of lattice take t#ecotton fibre! of different 0+alit' into
t#e mixing bin! t#ro+g# a cro!! lattice% -! are!+lt mixing of different 0+alit' cotton fibre! are
performed%
6. What is the ob7ects of b#endin(
)a* Blending infl+ence! t#e red+ction of t#e co!t of t#e final prod+ct t#ro+g# blend compo!ition$
availabilit' of fibre! 0+alit' 2 in#erent fibre propert' variation!%
)b* "t #elp! to improve proce!!ing performance of t#e following proce!! .
)i* 4ardin $ Blending infl+ence! t#e proce!!ing performance of carding t#ro+g# control of nep level
variation$ wa!te level variation$ fl'$ roving twi!t variation$ m/c ad=+!tment$ !tatic electricit' formation%
)ii* 5p
n
$ Blending infl+ence! t#e proce!!ing performance of !pg
n
t#ro+g# control of 'arn twi!t
variation$ end breakage$ m/c ad=+!tment etc%
)iii* Warpin ! wea&in $ Blending infl+ence! t#e proce!!ing performance of warping 2
weaving t#ro+g# control of end break m/c ad=+!tment etc%
)i&* .yein ! finishin $ Blending infl+ence! t#e be#avio+r of d'eing 2 fini!#ing t#ro+g# control
of !#rinkage variation$ d'eing defect! etc%
)c* Blending infl+ence! .
)i* Physica# properties $ "t infl+ence! to increa!e! ten!ile 2 tear !trengt#$ ela!ticit'$ abra!ion
re!i!tance$ !tretc# etc%
)ii* 3esthetic properties $ "t infl+ence! to increa!e l+!ter% -ppearance$ cover$ color etc%
)iii* 5ub7ecti&e properties $ "t increa!e! comfort 2 t#e propertie! like #andling!$ to+c#$ !oft
ne!! etc%
)d* "t #elp! to meet f+nction 2 end +!ed re0+irement!%
)e* "t #elp! to ac#ieve effect b' carr'ing color$ fibre c#aracteri!tic! 2 !o on%
18. Write down the points shou#d be considered durin mixin and b#endin
3a) Similarit' in fibre lengt#%
3b) Strengt# of fibre%
3c) Similarit' in colo+r of fibre%
3d) Mat+rit' of fibre%
3e) Similarl' of fibre%
3f) -tmo!p#ere in finene!! of fibre%
3g) Skilled labo+r%
3#) Well e0+ipped m/c to be +!ed%
11. .iffereniate between mixin ! b#endin.
5.
9o
"#endin Mixin
6
Mixing of different fibre!%
e%g% p%c% blend; t%c% blend etc%
Mixing of !ame fibre!%
e%g% Mixing of -merican 2 "ndian cotton%
< Same propertie! of fibre are +!ed in blending Different propertie! of fibre are +!ed in mixing%
: "n blending$ 0+alit' are not con!idered "n mixing$ 0+alit' of fibre are con!idered%
>
"n blending$ fibre! are blended indefinite
proportion%
"n mixing$ 0+alit' of fibre are con!idered%
?
-ll t#e c#aracteri!tic! of fibre are known in
t#i! proce!!%
-ll t#e c#aracteri!tic! of fibre! are not
correctl' known in t#i! proce!!%
12. .efine spinnin.
Spg
n
ma' be defined a! t#e art or tec#ni0+e! to prod+ce 'arn b' twi!ting of fibro+! mtl! or an' ot#er
met#od from t#e fibre forming agent!% Spg
n
i! t#e fir!t !tep in t#e textile man+fact+ring proce!! for !taple
artice!% &#ere are !everal !pg
n
proce!! 3rotor !pg
n
$ air =et !pg
n
$ friction !pg
n
$ dref !pg
n
etc)
depending +pon t#e fibre +!ed% ,owever$ t#e principle of !pg
n
i! t#e !ame%
13. What is :arn(
Yarn i! an a!!embl' of fibre! t#at are twi!ted toget#er to form a contin+o+! !trand% Yarn! ma' be
made from eit#er !taple fibre! or filament fibre!% Staple fibre! are twi!ted into 'arn!%
1%. Write short note on ;"#ow <oom=
"#ow <oom $ Blow room con!i!t! of a n+mber of m/c! +!ed in !+cce!!ion to open 2 clean t#e cotton
fibre to t#e re0+ired degree% >7 to @7A tra!# i! removed in t#i! !ection%
- !ection in w#ic# t#e !+pplied compre!!ed bale! are opened$ cleaned 2 blending or mixing to form
+niform lap of !pecific lengt# i! called Blow room !ection% &#e cleaning efficienc' of blow room i! B7 to
B?A% &#i! i! t#e fir!t !ection of !pinning line for !pg
n
wt cotton 'arn%
1'. Mention the ob7ect of "#ow room.
6% &o open t#e fibre!%
<% &o clean t#e fibre!%
:% &o prod+ce !#eet of lap for facilating t#e feed to t#e next proce!!%
1+. >n#ist operations are operated in "#ow room
1. Openin $
a% &o open t#e compre!!ed bale! of fibre! 2
b% &o make t#e cotton t+ft a !mall !i/e a! far a! po!!ible%
2. 4#eanin $ &o remove t#e dirt$ d+!t$ broken !eed!$ broken leaf!$ !talk! 2 ot#er foreign material! from
t#e fibre!%
3. "#endin or Mixin $ &o make good val+e of 'arn 2 to decrea!e t#e prod+ction
co!t b' mixing different grade of fibre!%
%. 2ap formin $
a% &o tran!fer t#e opened and cleaned fibre! into a !#eet form of definite widt# 2 +niform
+nit lengt# w#ic# i! called lap%
b% &o roll t#e lap of predetermined lengt# in a c'lindrical !#ape aro+nd a lap pin%
c% &o tran!fer t#e lap from t#e lap pin to a rod to !+itable #andle 2 feed it to !+b!e0+ence
proce!!ing carding m/c%
1,. ?i&e the detai#s for 3ction in "#ow room.
1. 3ction of opposite spi1e $ )Openin*
&#e action of oppo!ite !pike! i! opening t#e cotton fibre% B' t#i! action$ t#e large piece! of cotton!
#ave been red+ced in !i/e%
2. 3ction of 3ir current $ )@ransfer A c#eanin*
D+ring proce!!ing$ t#e movement of cotton from m/c! to m/c i! done b' air c+rrent% "t i!
al!o #elp! t#e !eparation of lint 2 tra!#%
3. 3ction of "eaters $ )4#eanin ! openin*
Beater! are re!pon!ible for removing almo!t all of t#e imp+rit' extracted in t#e blow room%
Beater al!o #elp! in opening of cotton fibre%
%. 3ction of reu#ation motion $ )Bniform output*
&#e action of reg+lation motion give! t#e +niform o+tp+t of cotton fibre b' t#e #elp of !wing
door 2 !wing paddle%
4lectrical p#otocell%
-ir pre!!+re !'!tem%
1-. What are the function of "#ow room(
)a* Feeding$
3b) Beating/opening
3c) &ran!porting/tran!ferring$
3d) Lap !#eet formation%
16. Mention the m/cs are used for openin in "#ow room.
Conventional bale opener .
3a) M+ltiple Bale opener 3,erget# mixer)
3b) -+tomatic Bale opener 3Blandomar) &ro/tlerco%
3c) 1nifloc Retier%
28. What are beatin or c#eanin points in "#ow room(
3a) 1ltracleaner/!tepcleaner/!+per cleaner% 3b) -xiflow cleaner% 3c) Saw toot#ed beater%
3d) Bladed beater% 3e) orc+pine beater% 3f) Mono c'linder%
3g) M+ltimixer% 3#) Cri!c#ner beater% 3i) &win opener%
3=) *ertical opener% 3k) 4% R% M% cleaner%
21. Mention openin de&ices are used in "/<
3a) Roller D Small diameter% i%e% Step cleaner%
3b) Dr+m! D Larger diameter% i%e% Mono c'linder%
3c) M+ltiple beater D &wo or t#ree arm!% i%e% Cri!c#ner beater%
3d) Spiked lattice D 4ndle!! belt% 3ver' gentle opening)%
22. What do you mean by Ma7or ! Minor beatin point(
W#en we +!e a beater to clean fibre t#en it i! called ma=or beating point% e%g%Stepcleaner$ orc+pine
beater$ Cri!c#ner beater etc%
B+t w#en we +!e a beater to open t#e fibre$ b+t !ome cleaning i! occ+rred t#en it i! called minor beating%
e%g% Bale pl+cker$ Bale opener$ Saw toot#ed beater$ conden!er etc%
23. Which m/cs are used for coarse ! fine c#eanin.
Cor coarse c#eanin$
6% Step cleaner/1ltra cleaner/S+per cleaner%
<% &#e d+al roller cleaner/-xiflow cleaner%
:% &#e monoc'linder cleaner%
Cor Cine c#eanin$
6% R5 cleaner
2. >.<. c#eaner.
2%. Write down some de&ices which are used in feed reu#ation motion.
&#e following device! are +!ed in feed reg+lation motion% t#e!e are +!ed for controlling feed mtl .
5win padd#e $ Swing paddle i! +!ed in Bale proce!!%
5win door $ "t i! +!ed in ,opper feeder 2 act! a! feed reg+lating%
Padd#e #e&er $ "t i! +!ed in porc+pine beater for feed reg+lating
Piano feed reu#ator $ "t i! +!ed in !c+tc#er for feed reg+lating%
2'. Mention the std. #ap specification
Lap lengt# D B7 'd!%
Lap weig#t D >7E?7 lb!%
Lap wt/'d D 6< to 6B o/ E6lb
Lap wt% variation D :A3acceptable%)
Lap #ank/co+nt D 7%776<E7%776F
Lap widt# D >7E>< inc#%
Mec#anical draft D <%?E>
Relative #+midit' D ??A
4fficienc' D@7EF7A
2+. 5hort note on D 3ir C#ow system
6% &o tran!fer t#e cotton fibre!%
<% &o remove foreign mtl from cotton fibre!%
2,. Mention the std. #ap specification.
1.5#otted sheets ! perforated sheets$ Bot# are formerl' placed +nder card! 2 +!ed to a !tead'
decrea!ing extent%
2.@rianu#ar section bars$ &#e!e are rob+!t ea!t to maintain 2 give a good cleaning effect%
3.3n#ed bars$ &#e!e are !omew#at le!! rob+!t 2 can tend to create blockage!%
%."#ades$ Blade! #ave been +!ed a! grid element! for a long time$ almo!t alwa'! in combination wit#
triang+lar%