ls list a directory ls -l list a directory in long ( detailed ) format ls -lrt list a directory in long ( detailed ) format ls -lart list the hidden files and directories ls Fx will list files and directory names will be followed by slash. ls R will lists all the files and files in the all the directories, recursively ls -R | more will list all the files and files in all the directories, one age at a time Viewing,editing files and creating directories: !at view the contents of files (syn"-cat filename) !at # create the file (syn "-cat # filename) !at ## aend the file ( syn"-cat ##filename) $ouch create an emty file(syn"-touch filename) %i edit the file (syn"-vi filename) &'dir create a directory(syn"-m'dir dirname) !d change the directory(syn"-cd dirname) !d ( change to the root dir(syn"-cd () !d ) switch to the home dir(syn"-cd )) !d ..*.. switch out from the two dir(syn"-cd ..*..) more dum a file to the screen" +,$+R - one line down ./0!+10R-age down,2-2uit(syn"more filename) 3ess 3i'e more, but you can use /age-4 too.,ot on all systems.(syn"- less filename) head .how the first few lines of a file.(syn"-head filename) head -n .how the first n lines of a file.(syn"-head n filename) tail .how the last few lines of a file.(syn"-tail filename) tail -n .how the last n lines of a file.(syn"-tail n filename) Information: 5ate show date and time 6istory list reviously executed cmds. 77 Reeats the reviously executed cmd 7 , list the , executed cmd (, is number) &an .hows the manual age of the cmd ( syn"-man cmdname) 8hoami 5islays the username 6ostname shows the hostname(server name) /wd .how the resent wor'ing directory /s to see the rocess Moving, renaming, copying files,removing ! coy the file (syn"-c r source destination * c r oldfile *tm*newfile) &v file will rename (syn"- mv oldfile newfile. mv -f will force the rename even if target file exists. mv 9 *dir will move all the files in current directory to dir(syn"-mv 9 *user*dirname) rm will delete file (syn"-rm filename). rm -f will remove write-rotected files without romting.(syn"- rm f filename) rm -r will delete the entire directory and all the subdirectories(syn"-rm r filename) rmdir to remove directory.(syn"-rmdir directoryname) rmdir will remove directories and any arent directories that are emty. Comparision and searching cmds : 5iff will comare the two files: rint the differences between(syn"-diff f; f< o*"- f; abcd,f< ='lm) !m will comare the two files (syn"- cm f; f<,o* "f; f< char >? line @) 5ircm will comare the two dir(syn"-dircm dir; dir<) Are rints all the lines in a file that contain the string(syn"-gre string filename) Find . name Finds all the files in the current dir(syn"-find . name filename cut -c selects a list of columns or fields from one or more files.(syn"-cut c ;,@ filename ) cut f will cut the fields identified in list.(syn"-cut f B filename) /aste merge the lines of one or more files into vertical columns searated by tab (syn"- aste testfile testfile< # oututfile) sort sort the lines of a file or files, in alhabetical order.(syn"-sort filename) wc l to count the number of lines in file(syn"-wc l filename) wc m to count the number of character in file(syn"-wc m filename) wc w to count the number of words in file(syn"-wc w filename) File compression:- ACi comress the file (syn"-ACi filename) AunCi uncomress the file(syn"-gunCi filename) $ar xvf to extract (syn"-tar xvf filename) $ar cvf to create (syn"-tar cvf filename) $ar tv to list the files without extracting(syn"-tar tv filename) Dar xvf same as tar used in =ava as(syn"-=ar xvf filename) Dar cvf to create file(syn"-=ar cvf filename) Cpu utiliation and !am utiliation"- $o*sar*vmstat "-to see the cu utiliCation .yn"- to .yn"-sar u ;< E (in ;< seconds it dislay the differ or cu utiliCation inE .econds) system activity reort. .yn"- vmstat (dislay the virtual memory) /rtconf to see the ram utiliCation(syn"-rtconf |gre mem) 5u s' rint siCe in 'ilobytes of current directory 5u s'9 rint siCe in 'ilobytes of all files and subdirectories 5u s' file; rint siCe in 'ilobytes of file; Changing file permissions and attributes chmod FEE !hanges the ermissions of file to be rwx for the owner(u), and rx for the grou(g) and the others(o). (syn"-chmod FEE filename) chmod go-w to remove ermissions to grou and others(syn"-chmod go-w filename) chmod ugoGrw to add ermissions to owner,grouand others(syn"-chmod ugoHrw filename) (read-@,write-<,execute-;) "ransfer the file 4uencode $o encode the file(unix)on the local system and mail it to the user xyC on another system called mysys(syn:uuencode unix unix | mail xyCImysys) 4uencode $o encode the file /usr/lib/boot/unix on your local system with the name xyz.txt in the file /tmp/con (syn"uuencode *usr*lib*boot*unix xyC.txt # *tm*con) #i editor:- vi filename <escape> to invoke command mode from insert mode. i for insert ,delete and edit o J inserts text at the cursor o i Jnsert before current cursor osition o 0 aends text at the end of the line. o a aends text after cursor. o K oen a new line of text above the cursor o o oen a new line of text below the cursor o r Relace ; character o R Relace mode o x 5elete single character o dd 5elete current line and ut in buffer o ndd 5elete n lines (n is a number) and ut them in buffer o u 4ndo last command o yy coy current line into buffer o nyy coy n lines into buffer o /ut the contents of the buffer after the current line o / /ut the contents of the buffer before the current line o D =oin a line with the one below it. o *string to search string in file. o Lstring to search the in bac'ward direction o n to search for next occurence of string o , to search in the oosite direction cursor positioning ^d Pae do!n ^u Pae up :n Position cursor at line n :" Position cursor at end of file ^ #isplay current line number :. Print t$e current line number at t$e end of vi edito A to go to last line in file. ;A to go to the first line in file. "w27 .ave and 2uit "27 to 2uit