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DATOS:
Luz libre:
Tren de cargas:
Ancho total :
N de vas:
N de vigas:
Cajuela:
f'c:
25.00
HL-93
7.20
2
3
0.65
350
fy:
4200
Kg/cm 2
Ec:
2.81E+05
Kg/cm 2
Es:
Combinacin de cargas:
Condicin de clima:
2.00E+06
RESISTENCIA I
Normal
Kg/cm 2
Zona ssmica:
P D (Baranda):
Media-baja
80
Kg/m
P L (Baranda):
150
Kg/m
L mx = 25 m
m
Factor por N de vas cargadas = 1.00
m
Kg/cm 2
b = 0.0307
y Ku mx = 77.7700 Kg/cm
Losas:
Vigas:
mx = 0.75b
re = 3 cm
re = 5 cm
CORTE TRANSVERSAL
0.15
0.80
7.20
0.10
0.10
0.80
0.15
0.40
Vereda
0.05 m
0.60
0.25
Losa de concreto
h-e
S'
S
1.00
9.30 m
CORTE LONGITUDINAL
25.65 m
25.00 m
C = 0.65 m
1.50 m
H = 5.50 m
2.00 m
N:A:M
2.00 m
1.05
0.550
Primera iteracin: L =
28.16 cm
Cs =
25.00 m
Segunda iteracin: L =
28.26 cm
Cs =
25.56 m
3.00 cm
62.17 cm
Asumir:
C = 0.65 m
L = L' + C = 25+0.65
3.- LUZ DE CLCULO DE LAS VIGAS
Luz entre ejes de vigas: S'
S' = 3.60 m
Asumir:
b = 1.00 m
Luz libre: S
S = 2.60 m
S = S' - b = 3.6-1
B.- DISEO DE LA LOSA
S = 2.60 m
S' = 1.05 m
(Intermedio)
(Volado)
Tramos intermedios
e = 17.33 cm
e = 10.50 cm
e = 18.67 cm
e = 18.67 cm
e = 25 cm
1- METRADO DE CARGAS
a.- En los tramos intermedios
Carga muerta
Peso de la losa = 0.25 m x 1 m x 2.5 Tn/m3 =
Peso del asfalto = 0.05 m x 1 m x 2.2 Tn/m3 =
b.- En volados
Carga muerta
0.625 Tn/m
0.110 Tn/m
D = 0.735 Tn/m
1.25 Tn/m
0.10 Tn/m
D = 1.35 Tn/m
Carga en baranda
Carga muerta
Sobrecarga
P = 0.080 Tn/m
P = 0.150 Tn/m
Sobrecarga peatonal:
L = 0.360 Tn/m
I = 0.33
D = 1.350 Tn/m
Tramos continuos
S' = 1.050 m
S' = 0.550 m
Tramo en volado
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 2.600 m
Tramo intermedio
0.497
S = 2600 mm
C = 0.8
p = 0.86 N/mm
E = 250 + 0.42(L 1 W 1 )
Para ms de un carril:
E = 2100+0.12(L 1 W 1 ) W/N L
E:
L1:
W1:
W:
NL:
18000 mm
W1=
7200 mm
D = 2.5
W=
NL=
7200 mm
2
Para un carril:
N>1
El puente tiene ms de un carril
Para ms de un carril:
E = 2100+0.12x(18000x7200) = 3466 7200/2 = 3600
E = 3466 mm
Asumir:
E lineal = E /2 =
E = 3.47 m
1.74 m
l = 0.0228 g P
0.50 m
RESISTENCIA I
= 1.75
Para camin de diseo:
P = 145.00 kN
l = 0.0228x1.75x145 = 5.786 m
l = 5786 mm
Luego:
M = 0.8x5786x0.86x2.5: x[42.3Log(0.039x2600)-74] = 54337 N.mm/mm
5.539
Por impacto
M = MI = 5.5390.33 = 1.8279
M = 1.828 Tn-m
b.- En voladizos
Por carga muerta
() M = DS/2 + PS = 1.35 0.55/2 + 0.08 0.55 = 0.2482
0.248
Estados lmites
n = n D n R n I > 0.95
n : factor que relaciona a la ductilidad, redundancia e importancia operativa
n D :factor que se refiere a la ductilidad
0.137
n R = 1.05
n l = 1.05
n = 1.158
M = 1.158(1.250.497+1.755.539+1.751.828 = 15.6486
M = 15.649 Tn-m
En volado
M = 1.4M+ 1.7 M = 1.40.248+1.70.137 = 0.5801
M = 0.580 Tn-m
() M = 0.580 Tn-m
() M = 7.825 Tn-m
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+) M = 15.649 Tn-m
Para el momento negativo del tramo central M (-) no hay norma, solo es un criterio tomar los siguientes valores:
e = 25 cm
r = 4 cm
d = 21 cm
e = 25 cm
b = 100 cm
Momento de servicio
Ms =M + M + M =0.497+5.539+1.828 = 7.864
Ms = 7.864 Tn-m
2
. . .
f s = 0.50f y =
2100 Kg/cm
f c = 0.45f ' c =
158 Kg/cm
n = E s /E c =
=
+
=1
d mn =
=
3
1700 Kg/cm
0.426
0.858
d mn = 16.53 cm
Comparando:
21 cm
d real > d mn
> 16.53 cm
OK!
21 cm
(+)
=
d real > d mn
> 14.19 cm
14.19 cm
OK!
= 0.85 0.7225
0.7 105
2
= 0.85-[0.7225-1.7x15.649x10/(0.9x350x100x21)] = 0.121308
= 0.121308
Cuanta de acero
= f'c/fy = 0.121308x350/4200 = 0.010109
= 0.010109
mn = 0.0018
mx = 0.023000
Comparando
r mn < r < r mx
OK!
As = 21.23 cm
#5
2.00 cm
Espaciamiento: S
S = 100A b /A s =
9.42 cm
Espaciamiento mximo: S mx
En muros y losas, exceptuando las losas nervadas, el espaciamiento entre ejes del refuerzo
As mn = 3.78 cm
As = 21.23 cm
principal por flexin ser menor o igual a tres veces el espesor del elemento estructural, sin
exceder de 400 mm. (E-0.60, Item 9.8.1)
S mx = 3h f = 3x25 = 75 cm
S mx = 40 cm
Consideramos:
Usaremos:
S = 9 cm
1 # 5 @ 9 cm
Para Mu ( )
ndice de refuerzo
= 0.85 0.7225
0.7 105
2
= 0.85-[0.7225-1.7x7.8245x10/(0.9x350x100x21)] = 0.058327
= 0.058327
Cuanta de acero
= 0.004861
r mn < r < r mx
OK!
As = 10.21 cm
As = 10.21 cm
Considerando varillas de f =
Ab =
#4
1.29 cm
Espaciamiento: S
S = 100A b /A s =
12.63 cm
Consideramos:
S = 12 cm
= 0.85-[0.7225-1.7x0.58x10/(0.9x350x100x21)] = 0.004186
= 0.004186
Usaremos:
1 # 4 @ 12 cm
b.- Volados
() M = 0.580 Tn-m
ndice de refuerzo
= 0.85 0.7225
0.7 105
2
Cuanta de acero
= f'c/fy = 0.004186x350/4200 = 0.000349
= 0.000349
Comparando
r mn < r < r mx
No cumple
As = 0.73 cm
As = 3.78 cm
#4
1.29 cm
Espaciamiento: S
34.13 cm
S = 100A b /A s =
Consideramos:
Usaremos:
S = 34 cm
1 # 4 @ 34 cm
0.0025
0.002
0.0018
El refuerzo por contraccin y temperatura deber colocarse con un espaciamiento entre ejes
menor o igual a tres veces el espesor de la losa, sin exceder de 400 mm. (E-0.60, Item 9.7.3)
rea de acero mnimo
As mn = 3.78 cm
#4
1.29 cm
Espaciamiento: S
34.13 cm
S = 100A b /A s =
Consideramos:
Usaremos:
S = 34 cm
1 # 4 @ 34 cm
1 # 4 @ 34 cm
1 # 4 @ 12 cm
1 # 5 @ 9 cm
1 # 4 @ 34 cm
1 # 4 @ 34 cm
V = 0.956 Tn
4.259 Tn
4.259 Tn
0.3
1.80
1.50
3.10 m
V
S' = 1.05 m
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 1.05 m
1.00
V = [4.259x1.5+4.259x(1.5+1.8)]/3.1 = 6.5946
V = 6.595 Tn
Por impacto
V = V x I = 6.595x0.33 = 2.1764
V = 2.176 Tn
Cortante ltimo
V = n(1.25V+ 1.75 V+ 1.75V) = 1.158x(1.25x0.956+1.75x6.595+1.75x2.176)
V = 19.158 Tn
Vc = 20.822 Tn
Vc = 0.85x20.822 = 17.6987
Vc = 17.699 Tn
Comparando
Vu Vc
19.16 Tn
17.70 Tn
b.- En volados
Por carga muerta
V = DS+P = 1.35x0.55+0.08 = 0.823
V = 0.823 Tn
V = 0.348 Tn
Cortante ltimo
V = 1.4V+ 1.7 V = 1.40.823+1.70.348 = 1.744
V = 1.744 Tn
Comparando
Vu Vc
1.74 Tn
17.70 Tn
OK!
Asumir:
h = 215 cm
P = 0.080 Tn/m
P = 0.150 Tn/m
4
D = 1.35 Tn/m
L = 0.360 Tn/m
t = 2.15 m
D = 0.735 Tn/m
L = s/c vehicular
e = 0.25 m
t - e = 1.90
Viga exterior
S' = 1.05 m
b = 1.00 m
Viga interior
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 3.600 m
Viga exterior
S' = 1.05 m
1.418 Tn
1.323 Tn
4.750 Tn
P = 0.08
0.080 Tn
W = 7.571 Tn
P = 0.15
0.378 Tn
0.150 Tn
W = 0.528 Tn
0.60
1.80
S' = 3.600 m
R
R = [1.2xP+(1.2+1.8)P]/3.6 = 1.167P
= 1.167
2.3.- Coeficiente de impacto
I = 0.33
2.4.- Carga sobre la viga
1.20
Eje delantero:
4.16 Tn
Eje posterior:
17.25 Tn
M = 622.64 Tn-m
43.42
4.16 Tn
17.25 Tn
y = 4.30 a 9.00 m
4.30 m
B
L = 25.65 m
25.65 - x + y
x-y
x
25.65 - x
21.35 - x
x + 4.30
y x 21.35
R = [17.25(25.65-x+y)+17.25(25.65-x)+4.16(21.35-x)]/25.65
R = 37.96 + 0.67y - 1.51x
M(x) = R(x) - 17.25y = (37.96 + 0.67y)x - 1.51x- 17.25y
De la ecuacin anterior, para que el momento sea mximo 'y' debe tomar el valor mn o sea 4.30 m
Mx = 37.96 + 0.67y - (2)1.51x = 0
x = 12.59 + 0.22y
y = 4.30 m
x = 13.55 m
Comparando:
4.3 x = 13.55 21.35
OK!
Luego,
(+) Ml = (37.96 + 0.67*4.3)*13.55 - 1.51*13.55- 17.25*4.3
(+) Ml = 202.67 Tn-m/m
Factor por N de vas cargadas = 1.00
(+) Ml = 202.67 Tn-m/m
b.- Eje tndem
Diagrama de cuerpo libre del Eje tndem
22.43 Tn
22.43 Tn
1.20
L = 25.65 m
x
25.65 - x
x + 1.20
24.45 - x
0 x 24.45
OK!
Luego,
Mmx = 43.81 ( 12.53 ) - 1.75 (12.53 ) = 274.36 Tn-m / va
+ =
L = 25.65 m
(+) Ms/c = DL/8 = 0.97x25.65/8 Tn-m/va
+ =
MI = 66.88 Tn-m/m
V = 94.638 Tn
V = 6.600 Tn
DC
LL
DD
IM
DW
CE
EH
BR
EV
PL
ES
LS
RESISTENCIA I
1.75
RESISTENCIA II
1.35
RESISTENCIA III
Estado Lmite
RESISTENCIA IV
Solamente EH, EV, ES,
DW, DC
1.5
RESISTENCIA V
1.35
EVENTO EXTREMO I
EQ
EVENTO EXTREMO II
0.5
SERVICIO I
SERVICIO II
1.3
SERVICIO III
0.8
FATIGA - Solamente
LL,IM y CE
0.75
NORMAS
MANUAL DE DISEO DE
PUENTES MTC DEL PER
VEHCULOS
ANCHO DEL
CARRIL DE
CARGA (m)
4.30 a 9.00
3.57
1.2
1.8
11.21
3
3
PESO (Tn)
LONGITUD (m)
Eje delantero
0.97
FACTOR DE CARGA g p
Mximo
Mnimo
CD : Componentes y Auxiliares
1.25
0.9
1.8
0.45
1.5
0.65
* Activa
1.5
0.9
* En reposo.
1.35
0.9
* Estabilidad global
1.35
N/A
* Estructuras de Retencin
1.35
1.3
0.9
* Prticos Rgidos
1.35
0.9
1.95
0.9
* Alcantarillas Metlicas
1.5
0.9
1.5
0.75
ESTADOS LMITES
2.3.2.2 DUCTILIDAD
Valores de n D para el Estado Lmite de Resistencia :
Para componentes y conexiones no dctiles
1.05
Para componentes y conexiones dctiles
0.95
Para los dems estados lmite
1
2.3.2.3 REDUNDANCIA: n R
Para miembros no redundantes
Para miembros redundantes
Para los dems estados lmite
1.05
0.95
1
1.05
1
Factor
1.20
1.00
0.85
4 ms
0.65
PESO (Tn)
Eje posterior 1 Eje posterior 2
14.78
11.21
0.97
14.78
NMERO DE
EJES
SUPERFICIE DE CONTACTO
Ancho (m)
0.5
0.5
Largo (m)
1 3/8"
1
Per
viga
col.
2
Per
viga
col.
3
Per
viga
col.
4
Per
viga
col.
5
Per
viga
col.
10.06
11.00
15.00
15.00
20.12
22.00
20.00
20.00
30.18
33.00
25.00
30.00
40.24
44.00
35.00
40.00
50.30
55.00
40.00
50.00
3/4"
1
Per
viga
col.
2
Per
viga
col.
3
Per
viga
col.
4
Per
viga
col.
5
Per
viga
col.
2.84
6.00
15.00
15.00
5.68
12.00
15.00
15.00
8.52
18.00
20.00
20.00
11.36
24.00
25.00
30.00
14.20
30.00
30.00
35.00
1
15.16
19.00
20.00
20.00
25.22
30.00
25.00
30.00
35.28
41.00
35.00
35.00
45.34
52.00
40.00
45.00
55.40
63.00
45.00
55.00
2
20.26
27.00
25.00
25.00
30.32
38.00
30.00
35.00
40.38
49.00
40.00
40.00
50.44
60.00
45.00
50.00
60.50
71.00
50.00
60.00
1"
3
25.36
35.00
30.00
30.00
35.42
46.00
35.00
40.00
45.48
57.00
45.00
45.00
55.54
68.00
50.00
55.00
65.60
79.00
55.00
65.00
4
30.46
43.00
35.00
35.00
40.52
54.00
40.00
45.00
50.58
65.00
50.00
50.00
60.64
76.00
55.00
60.00
70.70
87.00
60.00
70.00
5
35.56
51.00
40.00
40.00
45.62
62.00
45.00
50.00
55.68
73.00
55.00
55.00
65.74
84.00
60.00
65.00
75.80
95.00
65.00
75.00
1
4.83
11.00
15.00
15.00
7.67
17.00
20.00
20.00
10.51
23.00
25.00
30.00
13.35
29.00
30.00
35.00
16.19
35.00
35.00
40.00
2
6.82
16.00
20.00
20.00
9.66
22.00
25.00
30.00
12.50
28.00
30.00
35.00
15.34
34.00
35.00
40.00
18.18
40.00
36.00
45.00
5/8"
3
8.81
21.00
25.00
25.00
11.65
27.00
25.00
35.00
14.49
33.00
30.00
40.00
17.33
39.00
35.00
45.00
20.17
45.00
40.00
50.00
4
10.80
26.00
25.00
25.00
13.64
32.00
25.00
40.00
16.48
38.00
35.00
45.00
19.32
44.00
35.00
50.00
22.16
50.00
45.00
55.00
5
12.79
31.00
30.00
30.00
15.63
37.00
35.00
45.00
18.47
43.00
40.00
50.00
21.31
49.00
45.00
55.00
24.15
55.00
50.00
60.00
Losas
Vigas
D efectivo
dc
re
3
4
5
6
Vigas
Clima
Normal
Clima
Severo
6
9
12
7
10
13
Zona ssmica
f "
1/4
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
1
1 3/8
Zona ssmica
Alta
Media-baja
1"
1
Per
viga
col.
2
Per
viga
col.
3
Per
viga
col.
4
Per
viga
col.
5
Per
viga
col.
5.10
8.00
15.00
15.00
10.20
16.00
15.00
15.00
15.30
24.00
20.00
25.00
20.40
32.00
25.00
30.00
25.50
40.00
30.00
35.00
5/8"
1
Per
viga
col.
2
Per
viga
col.
3
Per
viga
col.
4
Per
viga
col.
5
Per
viga
col.
1.99
5.00
10.00
10.00
3.98
10.00
15.00
15.00
5.97
15.00
20.00
20.00
7.96
20.00
25.00
25.00
9.95
25.00
25.00
30.00
1
7.94
14.00
15.00
15.00
13.04
22.00
20.00
20.00
18.14
30.00
25.00
30.00
23.24
38.00
30.00
35.00
28.34
46.00
35.00
40.00
2
10.78
20.00
20.00
20.00
15.88
28.00
25.00
25.00
20.98
36.00
30.00
35.00
26.08
44.00
35.00
40.00
31.18
52.00
40.00
45.00
3/4"
3
13.62
26.00
25.00
25.00
18.72
34.00
30.00
30.00
23.82
42.00
35.00
40.00
28.92
50.00
40.00
45.00
34.02
58.00
45.00
50.00
4
16.46
32.00
30.00
30.00
21.56
40.00
35.00
35.00
26.66
48.00
40.00
45.00
31.76
56.00
45.00
50.00
36.86
64.00
50.00
55.00
5
19.30
38.00
35.00
35.00
24.40
46.00
40.00
40.00
29.50
54.00
45.00
50.00
34.60
62.00
50.00
55.00
39.70
70.00
55.00
60.00
1
3.28
9.00
15.00
5.27
14.00
20.00
7.26
19.00
20.00
9.25
24.00
25.00
11.24
29.00
30.00
-
2
4.57
13.00
20.00
6.56
18.00
25.00
8.55
23.00
25.00
10.54
28.00
30.00
12.53
33.00
35.00
-
1/2"
3
5.86
17.00
20.00
7.85
22.00
25.00
9.84
27.00
30.00
11.83
32.00
35.00
13.82
37.00
40.00
-
4
7.15
21.00
25.00
9.14
26.00
30.00
11.13
31.00
35.00
13.12
36.00
40.00
15.11
41.00
40.00
-
5
8.44
25.00
30.00
10.43
30.00
30.00
12.42
35.00
35.00
14.41
40.00
40.00
16.40
45.00
45.00
-
Zona ssmica
Zona ssmica
Media-baja
Factor de
reduccin
de
0.50
0.75
0.80
0.15
7.20
0.10
Vereda
0.10
0.05 m
Losa de concreto
S'
b
3.600
1.000
1.050
2.600
1.000
Smbolo
L'
C
L
W
N
S'i
Si
S'v
Sv
f'c
Valor
25.00
0.70
25.70
7.20
2
3.600
2.600
1.050
0.550
Ec
280624
b
Media-baja
K u mx
0.0307
0.75
9.30 m
350
77.7700
0.90
0.85
fy
Es
2000000
PD
80
PL
150
2.- PREDIMENSIONAMIENTO
Tramos intermedios
4200
e = 17.33 cm
Tramos en volados
e = S'/10 = 105/10 = 10.5 cm
e = 10.50 cm
e = 18.67 cm
Asumir:
e = 27 cm
e = 18.67 cm
3- METRADO DE CARGAS
a.- En los tramos intermedios
Carga muerta
0.68 Tn/m
0.11 Tn/m
D = 0.79 Tn/m
1.30 Tn/m
0.10 Tn/m
D = 1.40 Tn/m
Carga en baranda
Carga muerta: P D =
P = 0.08 Tn/m
Sobrecarga: P L =
P = 0.15 Tn/m
Sobrecarga peatonal:
L = 0.360 Tn/m
I = 0.33
D = 0.79 Tn/m
P = 0.08 Tn/m
P = 0.15 Tn/m
L = s/c vehicular
L = 0.360 Tn/m
Tramos continuos
S' = 1.050 m
S' = 0.550 m
Tramo en volado
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 2.600 m
Tramo intermedio
M = 0.53 Tn-m
S = 2600 mm
p = 0.86 N/mm
E = 250 + 0.42(L 1 W 1 )
Para ms de un carril:
E = 2100+0.12(L 1 W 1 ) W/N L
E:
L1:
W1:
W:
NL:
18000 mm
W1=
W=
NL=
7200 mm
7200 mm
2
Para un carril:
N>1
D = 2.5
E = 3.47 m
1.74 m
l = 0.0228 g P
0.50 m
RESISTENCIA I
P = 145.00 kN
l = 0.0228x1.75x145 = 5.786 m
l = 5786 mm
Luego:
M = 0.8x5786x0.86x2.5: x[42.3Log(0.039x2600)-74] = 54337 N.mm/mm
Por impacto
M = MI = 5.540.33
M = 1.83 Tn-m
b.- En voladizos
Por carga muerta
() M = DS/2 + PS = 1.4 0.55/2 + 0.08 0.55
M = 0.26 Tn-m
M = 0.14 Tn-m
Estados lmites
n = n D n R n I > 0.95
n : factor que relaciona a la ductilidad, redundancia e importancia operativa
n D : factor referente a la ductilidad
n R : factor referente a la redundancia
n I : factor referente a la importancia operacional
Considerando:
n D = 1.05
n R = 1.05
n l = 1.05
n = 1.158
M = 1.158(1.250.53+1.755.54+1.751.83)
M = 15.70 Tn-m
En volado
M = 1.4M+ 1.7 M = 1.40.26+1.70.14
M = 0.60 Tn-m
() M = 7.85 Tn-m
() M = 0.60 Tn-m
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+) M = 15.70 Tn-m
Para el momento negativo del tramo central M (-) no hay norma, solo es un criterio tomar los siguientes valores:
e = 27 cm
Espeso de la losa
Recubrimiento efectivo
Ancho de losa
d = 23 cm
b = 100 cm
Momento de servicio
Ms = 7.90 Tn-m
Ms =M + M + M =0.53+5.54+1.83
a.- Por el mtodo elstico:
Peralte mnimo de servicio: d mn
2
. . .
f s = 0.50f y =
2100 Kg/cm
f c = 0.45f ' c =
158 Kg/cm
n = E s /E c =
1700 Kg/cm
= 0.426
+
=1
=
3
d mn =
0.858
2x7.9x10
157.5x0.426x0.858x100
d real > d mn
23 cm > 16.57 cm
d mn = 16.57 cm
OK!
(+)
=
d real > d mn
> 14.21 cm
23 cm
OK!
0 7 105
d mn = 14.21 cm
= 0.85 0.7225
0.7 105
=
2
0.85
0.7225
1.7x15.7x10
0.9x350x100x23
= 0.100114
Cuanta de acero
= f'c/fy = 0.100114x350/4200 = 0.008343
mn = 0.001800
>
<
mx = 0.023000
mx = 0.75b =0.75x0.0306666666666667
= 0.008343
r mn < r < r mx
OK!
As = 19.19 cm
As = bd =0.008343x100x23
rea de acero mnimo
As mn = 4.14 cm
As mn = mn.bd =0.0018x100x23
As = 19.19 cm
f=
#5
Ab =
2.00 cm
Espaciamiento: S
S = 100A b /A s =
10.42 cm
Espaciamiento mximo: S mx
En muros y losas, exceptuando las losas nervadas, el espaciamiento entre ejes del refuerzo
principal por flexin ser menor o igual a tres veces el espesor del elemento estructural, sin
exceder de 400 mm. (E-0.60, Item 9.8.1)
S mx = 3h f = 3x27 = 81 cm
Adoptamos:
Usaremos:
S mx = 40 cm
S = 10 cm
1 # 5 @ 10 cm
Para Mu ( )
ndice de refuerzo
= 0.85 0.7225
1.7 105
=
2
0.85
0.7225
1.7x7.85x10
= 0 85 0 7225
0.7225
0.9x350x100x23
= 0.048492
Cuanta de acero
= f'c/fy = 0.048492x350/4200 = 0.004041
>
mn = 0.001800
<
mx = 0.023000
= 0.004041
r mn < r < r mx
OK!
As = 9.29 cm
As = 9.29 cm
f=
#4
Ab =
1.29 cm
Espaciamiento: S
S = 100A b /A s =
13.89 cm
Consideramos:
S = 13 cm
Usaremos:
1 # 4 @ 13 cm
b.- Volados
() M = 0.600 Tn-m
ndice de refuerzo
= 0.85 0.7225
1.7 105
=
2
= 0.003608
Cuanta de acero
= f'c/fy = 0.003608x350/4200
>
mn = 0.001800
<
mx = 0.023000
= 0.000301
0.85
0.7225
1.7x0.6x10
0.9x350x100x23
r mn < r < r mx
As = 0.69 cm
As = 4.14 cm
Considerando varillas de
f=
#4
A b = 1.29 cm
Espaciamiento: S
S = 100A b /A s =
31.16 cm
Consideramos:
S = 31 cm
Usaremos:
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
0.0025
0.002
0.0018
El refuerzo por contraccin y temperatura deber colocarse con un espaciamiento entre ejes
menor o igual a tres veces el espesor de la losa, sin exceder de 400 mm. (E-0.60, Item 9.7.3)
rea de acero mnimo
As mn = 4.14 cm
As mn = mn.bd =0.0018x100x23
Considerando varillas de
f=
#4
A b = 1.29 cm
Espaciamiento: S
S = 100A b /A s =
31.16 cm
Consideramos:
S = 31 cm
Usaremos:
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
Esquema de armado de losa
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
1 # 4 @ 13 cm
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
1 # 5 @ 10 cm
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
V = 1.03 Tn
V = 4.26 Tn
4.260 Tn
4.260 Tn
0.3
1.80
1.50
3.10 m
V
S' = 1.05 m
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 1.05 m
1.00
V = [4.26x1.5+4.26x(1.5+1.8)]/3.1 = 6.5961
V = 6.60 Tn
Por impacto
V = V x I = 6.6x0.33 = 2.178
Cortante ltimo
V = n(1.25V+ 1.75 V+ 1.75V) = 1.158x(1.25x1.03+1.75x6.6+1.75x2.18)
Cortante resistente del concreto
Vc = 0.53(f'c)bd = 0.53(350)x100x23 = 22805.4 Kg
Vc = 0.85x22.81 = 19.3885 Tn
Comparando
Vu Vc
V = 2.18 Tn
19.28 Tn
19.39 Tn
OK!
b.- En volados
Por carga muerta
V = DS+P = 1.4x0.55+0.08 = 0.85
Por carga viva
V = LS+P = 0.36x0.55+0.15 = 0.348
Cortante ltimo
V = 1.4V+ 1.7 V = 1.40.85+1.70.35 = 1.785
Comparando
Vu Vc
1.79 Tn
19.39 Tn
OK!
LOSA
0.80
0.15
0.40
0.60
0.25
e
h-e
1.050
0.550
Valor
25.00
0.70
25.70
7.20
2
3.600
2.600
1.050
0.550
350
Unidad
m
m
m
m
vas
m
m
m
m
Kg/cm 2
280624
Kg/cm 2
0.0307
0.75
2
77.7700
0.90
0.85
Kg/cm
4200
Kg/cm 2
2000000
80
Kg/cm 2
Kg/m
150
Kg/m
Tramos continuos
M = 0.53 Tn-m
S = 2600 mm
C = 0.8
p = 0.86 N/mm
D = 2.5
E = 3.47 m
= 1.75
l = 5786 mm
M = 5.54 Tn-m
M = 1.83 Tn-m
M = 0.26 Tn-m
M = 0.14 Tn-m
M = 15.70 Tn-m
M = 0.60 Tn-m
d mn = 14.21 cm
1.7x15.7x10
0.9x350x100x23
n = 0.001800
x = 0.023000
As = 19.19 cm
As mn = 4.14 cm
As = 19.19 cm
1.7x7.85x10
0.9x350x100x23
As = 9.29 cm
As = 9.29 cm
1.7x0.6x10
0.9x350x100x23
As = 0.69 cm
As = 4.14 cm
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
1 # 4 @ 31 cm
V = 1.03 Tn
V = 4.26 Tn
S' = 1.05 m
V = 6.60 Tn
V = 2.18 Tn
V = 19.28 Tn
V = 22.81 Tn
V = 19.39 Tn
V = 0.85 Tn
V = 0.35 Tn
V = 1.79 Tn
0.80
0.15
7.20
0.10
0.10
0.80
0.15
0.40
Vereda
0.05 m
0.60
Losa de concreto
0.25
h-e
S'
S
1.00
1.05
0.550
9.30 m
Smbolo
L'
C
L
W
b
N
Valor
25.00
0.65
25.65
7.20
1.00
2
1.00
1.158
3.600
2.600
1.050
0.550
Unidad
m
m
m
m
m
vas
n
S'i
Si
S'v
Sv
f'c
350
m
m
m
m
Kg/cm 2
Ec
280624
Kg/cm 2
b
Media-baja
K u mx
Normal
fy
0.0307
0.75
Cuanta balanceada
Factor de reduccin de cuanta mxima segn sismisidad
Factor de resistencia a la flexin
Factor de reduccin de resistencia a la flexin y traccin
Factor de reduccin de resistencia al corte y torsin
Recubrimiento efectivo segn el clima. r e
Esfuerzo de fluencia del acero
77.7700
0.90
0.85
5
Kg/cm 2
4200
Kg/cm 2
2000000
cm
Es
PD
80
Kg/cm 2
Kg/m
PL
150
Kg/m
2.- PREDIMENSIONAMIENTO
b = 1.00 m
h = L/12 =2565/12 = 213.75 cm
3.- METRADO DE CARGAS
P = 0.080 Tn/m
P = 0.150 Tn/m
4
D = 1.40 Tn/m
Asumir:
h = 2 cm
L = 0.360 Tn/m
t = 0.02 m
D = 0.790 Tn/m
L = s/c vehicular
e = 0.27 m
-t - e = 0.25
Viga exterior
S' = 1.05 m
b = 1.00 m
Viga interior
S' = 3.600 m
Viga exterior
S' = 3.600 m
S' = 1.05 m
1.47 Tn
1.42 Tn
P = 0.08
-0.63 Tn
0.08 Tn
W = 2.34 Tn
P = 0.15
0.380 Tn
0.150 Tn
W = 0.53 Tn
0.60
1.80
1.20
R
S' = 3.600 m
R = [1.2xP+(1.2+1.8)P]/3.6 = 1.167P
= 1.167
3.3.- Coeficiente de impacto
I = 0.33
3.4.- Carga sobre la viga
Eje delantero:
4.16 Tn
Eje posterior:
17.25 Tn
M = 192.44 Tn-m
M = 43.59 Tn-m
4.16 Tn
17.25 Tn
y = 4.30 a 9.00 m
4.30 m
B
L = 25.65 m
x-y
25.65 - x + y
x
25.65 - x
21.35 - x
x + 4.30
y x 21.35
R = [17.25(25.65-x+y)+17.25(25.65-x)+4.16(21.35-x)]/25.65
R = 37.96 + 0.67y - 1.51x
M(x) = R(x) - 17.25y = (37.96 + 0.67y)x - 1.51x- 17.25y
De la ecuacin anterior, para que el momento sea mximo 'y' debe tomar el valor mn o sea 4.30 m
Mx = 37.96 + 0.67y - (2)1.51x = 0
x = 12.59 + 0.22y
y = 4.30 m
x = 13.55 m
Comparando:
4.3 x = 13.55 21.35
OK!
Luego,
(+) Ml = (37.96 + 0.67*4.3)*13.55 - 1.51*13.55- 17.25*4.3
(+) Ml = 202.67 Tn-m/m
Factor por N de vas cargadas = 1.00
(+) Ml = 202.67 Tn-m/m
b.- Eje tndem
Diagrama de cuerpo libre del Eje tndem
22.43 Tn
22.43 Tn
1.20
B
L = 25.65 m
x
25.65 - x
x + 1.20
24.45 - x
0 x 24.45
OK!
Luego,
Mmx = 43.81 ( 12.53 ) - 1.75 (12.53 ) = 274.36 Tn-m / va
+ =
L = 25.65 m
(+) Ms/c = DL/8 = 0.97x25.65/8 Tn-m/va
+ =
MI = 66.88 Tn-m/m
V = 29.25 Tn
V = 6.625 Tn
4.16 Tn
17.25 Tn
y = 4.30 a 9.00 m
4.30 m
B
L = 25.65 m
x-y
25.65 - x + y
x
25.65 - x
21.35 - x
x + 4.30
y x 21.35
R = [17.25(25.65-x+y)+17.25(25.65-x)+4.16(21.35-x)]/25.65
R = 37.96 + 0.67y - 1.51x
Como el cortante mximo se presenta en la cara del apoyo, entonces:
y = 4.30 m
x = y + C/2 = 4.3+0.65/2
x = 4.63 m
Comparando:
4.3 x = 4.63 21.35
OK!
22.43 Tn
1.20
B
L = 25.65 m
x
25.65 - x
x + 1.20
24.45 - x
0 x 24.45
OK!
Vl = (43.24x1.167x1)/2 = 25.23
Vl = 25.23 Tn
L = 25.65 m
Vs/c = 12.13 Tn/va
Vl = (12.13x1.167x1)/2 = 7.08
Vl = 7.08 Tn
Vl (diseo) = 33.88+7.08
e.- Cortante por impacto
VI = 11.18 Tn/viga
M = 1007.47 Tn-m/viga
flexin =
K umx =
b=
h=
dc =
d = h - dc =
0.90
77.77 Kg/cm
100 cm
2 cm
9 cm
-7 cm
Clima
N de capas de
Normal
refuerzo
dc (cm)
1
2
3
6
9
12
Clima
Severo
dc (cm)
7
10
13
Mr = 0.9x77.77x100x-7
Mr = 3.43 Tn-m
Mu < f Mr r mx
1007.47
< 3.43
ndice de refuerzo
= 0.85 0.7225
0.7 105
=
2
0.85
0.7225
1.7x1007.47x10
= 0.85 0.7225
0.7225
0.9x350x100x-7
#NUM!
Cuanta de acero
##
0.7
=
0.003118
14
0.003333
>
#NUM!
<
r mn < r < r mx
mx = 0.75b =0.75x0.0306666666666667
mn = 0.003333
mx = 0.023000
#NUM!
##
Seleccin de dimetros de varillas
#8
#6
23
0
117.30 cm 0.00 cm
rea total = 117.30 cm
#NUM!
Usaremos: 23 # 8
rea de acero negativo
-As mn = 2.33 cm
As mn = mn.bd = 0.003333x100x-7
#6
#5
8
3
22.72 cm
6.00 cm
rea total = 28.72 cm
Cambie combinacin
Usaremos: 8 # 6 + 3 # 5
100
S v d b , 2.50 cm , 1.33 TM =
#6
#5
h = 2 cm
#3
Separador de 1" @ 1 m
re = 5 cm
dc = 9.04 cm
Ai
0 #8
+
11 # 8
+
12 # 8
+
d c = 9.04 cm
Sv db
Sv 2.50 cm
Sv 1.33 TM
Sv
= 5.24 cm
0 #6
0 #6
0 #6
=
=
=
56.10 cm
61.20 cm
117.30 cm
OK!
y ig
11.03 cm
7.22 cm
A i y ig
618.92 cm
442.02 cm
NOTA: Colocar preferentemente la mayor cantidad de acero en la primera capa (sii S v cumpla segn lo
especificado), con la finalidad de evitar fisuramientos por traccin.
rea de acero lateral por flambeo
A s lat = 0.002bd =
0.002x100x-7
#6
#5
2
6
5.68 cm
12.00 cm
rea total = 17.68 cm
Cambie combinacin
Usaremos: 2 # 6 + 6 # 5
Espaciamiento mximo
S 300 mm
380
250
2.5
300
250
fs (Mpa) y r e (mm)
M s = M CD + M LL + M IN + M PL =
d=h-dc =
A s (+) =
552.13 Tn-m
-7.04 cm
117.30 cm
f s = -74290 Kg/cm
-7428.96 MPa
55213000 Kg-cm
0.40
0.60
0.25
h-e
DATOS
P=
L=
C=
a=
b=
17.25
25.65
0.65
4.30
15.00
4.30
5.30
6.3
7.3
8.3
9
7P/29
B
L-x+y
x
L-x
L-x-a
yxL-a
x mn = 4.30
x mx = 21.35
65 7 + 29 65
29
() =
= + /2
Cortante mximo:
65 7 + 29 65
29
65
7P/29
a
B
L-x+y
L-x
L-x-a
L-x-a-b
yxL-a-b
x mn = 4.30
x mx = 6.35
Cortante mximo:
94 36 29 + 29 94
29
() =
94 36 29 + 29 94
29
7P/29
a
B
L-x+a+y
L-x+y
L-x+a+y
L-x+y
x
L-x
L-x-b
y+axL-b
()
x mn = 8.60
x mx = 10.65
Cortante mximo:
94 + 58 36 + 29 94
29
=
94 + 58 36 + 29 94 2 +
29
7P/29
P
b
7P/29
a
B
L-x+b
L-x
L-x-y
L-x-y-a
bxL-y-a
=
()
x mn = 15.00
x mx = 17.05
Cortante mximo:
72 7 + 7 36 72
29
7
=
72 7 + 7 36 72
29
29
7P/29
P
y
7P/29
a
L-x+y+b
L-x+y
L-x
L-x-a
b+yxL-a
()
x mn = 19.30
x mx = 21.35
72 7 + 7 + 36 72
29
7 + 36
=
72 7 + 7 + 36 72
29
29
Cortante mximo:
x
x=
4.63
5.63
6.63
7.63
8.63
9.33
Vmx =
33.886
33.0512
32.2163
31.3815
30.5467
29.9623
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
x=
13.55
13.78
14.00
14.22
14.45
14.60
Mmx =
202.69
194.63
186.719
178.958
171.348
166.11
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
x=
4.63
5.63
6.63
7.63
8.63
9.33
Vmx =
35.0461
33.5388
32.0314
30.524
29.0167
27.9615
OK
OK
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
x=
10.35
10.51
10.66
10.81
10.97
11.08
Mmx =
159.387
149.15
139.017
128.987
119.062
112.175
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
x=
8.93
9.93
Vmx =
32.61
31.10
/2
65 7 + 29
130
= + /2
94 36 29 + 29
188
OK
OK
10.93
11.93
12.93
13.63
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
x=
11.94
12.10
12.25
12.41
12.56
12.67
Mmx =
88.38
79.21
70.15
61.19
52.33
46.20
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
x=
15.33
15.33
15.33
15.33
15.33
15.33
Vmx =
15.39
14.55
13.72
12.88
12.05
11.46
OK
OK
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
x=
12.27
12.02
11.77
11.52
11.27
11.10
Mmx =
188.93
178.79
168.86
159.13
149.62
143.09
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
x=
19.63
20.63
21.63
22.63
23.63
24.33
Vmx =
15.39
14.55
13.72
12.88
12.05
11.46
OK
OK
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
x=
14.42
14.67
14.92
15.17
15.42
15.60
Mmx =
192.66
183.39
174.33
165.47
156.83
150.90
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
No cumple
= + + /2
29.60
28.09
26.58
25.53
94 + 58 36 + 29
188
= + /2
72 7 + 7 36
144
Cortante mximo:
= + + /2
72 7 + 7 + 36
144
No cumple
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