Tatad, Rommel C.

January 22, 2014

BsEE-IV Engr. Annie Patacsil

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution occurs when pollutantsare
directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful
compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all
cases the effect is damaging not only to individual speciesand populations, but also to the
natural biological communities.
Causes of Water Pollution.
The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum
of chemicals, pathogens, and physical or sensory changes such as elevated temperature and
discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally
occurring the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of
water, and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally occurring substances can
have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.
Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials, such as plant matter as well as man-
made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity which blocks
light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species.
Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in
either human or animal hosts. Alteration of water's physical chemistry includes acidity (change
in pH),electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in
the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases in the
primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent
negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in
water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations.




The Effects of Water Pollution

The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are dumped and in
what locations.
Boston Harbor is a strong example of how badly pollution can damage bodies of water. The
water is filled with toxic waste and sewage, and routinely receives more waste when rainfall
pushes it into the harbor.
Many bodies of water near urban areas are highly polluted. This is the result of both garbage
dumped by individuals and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally dumped by industries.
The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life that inhabits water-based
ecosystems. Dead fish, birds, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches,
killed by pollutants in their habitat.
Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are
eaten by tiny animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food
chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels.
Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well. People can get diseases such as
hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned.
Ecosystems can be severely changed or destroyed by water pollution. Many areas are now
being affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming back to hurt humans.