High Reynolds Number Simulations by Using an g y y g

Immersed Boundary Technique

Francesco Capizzano p
CIRA Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali CIRA Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali
e-mail: f.capizzano@cira.it
Academy / EUROMECH / ERCOFTAC
C ll i I d B d M th d
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
1
Colloquium on Immersed Boundary Methods
15-17 June 2009
Outline
Simulation process
Meshgeneration Mesh generation
Wall modelling Wall modelling
Validation
Conclusions
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Simulation Process
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Mesh generation
Main characteristics
CAD direct input (e.g. STL-format)
Can treat multi-body configurations
Unstructured data management
Anisotropic refinements
Cell tagging using a ray-tracing technique
Buffer Layers
Window refinement
Interface with the flow solver for adaptive refinements
based on the flow-field solution
Sphere STL-cad
Lref = 7 Lref = 7
DX
0
=1.0
On a PC single core 3.2 GHz
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Euler / RANS Flow Solver
( )
T
E w v u , , , , , , = Q
Numerical model
Finite Volume method
Programming
Face-basedunstructured data
2
nd
order accurate in space CDS scheme
Scalar and Matrix artificial dissipation
WLSQ or Green-Gauss cell-center gradient reconstruction
Face based unstructured data
management
Vectorized algorithms
g
Runge-Kutta pseudo-time integration
Local time stepping
Enthalpydamping
Parallel version by using Open_MP

Internal post-processor and output in

Enthalpy damping
Residual Smoothing
Standard Wilcox k- and Kalitzin k-g turbulence models
Tecplot

format
Interface with the mesh-generator for
Wall modelling for medimum/high Reynolds number flows
adaptive refinements based on the
flow-field solution
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Turbulence Models
( )
2

k
t
i
P
k
u ( )

k
i i
i
i
k x x x

k
t
=
Standard Wilcox k- turbulence model
( )

k C P
k
k u
k
t
i
+

( )

k C P
x x
k u
x
k
i i
i
i
+

+

( )
2
g C k =
( )
t t
g g
P
g g
g u

+ +

+
3

( ) g C k
t

k-g turbulence model
( )
i i g
t
k
i g
t
i
i
i
x x g C g
P
k x x
g u
x

+ +

=
2 2

Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Wall Modelling
FF
FF
FF
IB cell IB cell
FF
FF
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IB surface IB surface
Two-Layer Wall Modelling

3 , 1 ) (
i
t
i
x
p
n
u
x

w

+
2
1
A
y
t
i n
e y
x n x

w
+
y

= 1
A
e y

y
An iterative procedure is required to solve the equations simultaneously
along with the following B.C.:
FF
Flow state vector Q at the F point is
obtained by a WLSQ interpolation from the
nearest cell centers
FF
IB cell
nearest cell centers,
No-slip wall at the surface.
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Two-Layer Wall Modelling
w

u

u
k
2
= Log-law
w

u

C
k Log law
+
y
2
1

=
+

+
A
y
t
e y

k
t

=
k- model
k C
g
t
=

k-g model
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
k C

Flat Plate
M = 0.1
R 1 0*10
6
Re = 1.0*10
6
k-w TNT turb model k-w TNT turb. model
Tur Int Lev = 0.1%
/ = 0 1
t
/ = 0.1
Mesh coarse medium fine
D
far
/c 0.2 0.2 0.2
L
ref
6 7 8
D
wall
/c 3.125E-3 1.5625E-3 7.8125E-3
Ncell 10406 22086 43304
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( Dn
+
)
te
96.25 46.97 23.09
NACA 0012
M = 0.1
Re = 3.0*10
6
= 0
k-w TNT turb. model
Tur Int Lev = 0.1%

t
/ = 0.1
t

Mesh coarse medium fine
D
far
/c 2.0 2.0 2.0
L
ref
9 11 13
D
wall
/c
3.9062E-3 9.7625E-3 2.4414E-4
Ncell 11708 44528 147596
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( Dn
+
)
max
850 240 66
RAE 2822 CASE 9
M=0.734
Re = 6.5*10
6
Re 6.5 10
=2.79
k-w TNT turb. model
Tur Int Lev = 0.1%

t
/ = 0.1
AMR mesh
D
far
/c = 0.8
L
ref
= 11
D
wall
/c = 3.9062E-4
Ncell = 128,475
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RAE 2822 CASE 9
M=0.734
Re = 6 5*10
6
Re = 6.5 10
=2.79
k-w TNT turb. model
Tur Int Lev = 0.1%

t
/ = 0.1
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Onera M6
M=0.8395
Re = 11.72*10
6
k-w TNT turb. model
T I t L 0 1%
Mesh
D
far
/b = 1.0
L
f
= 10
=3.06
Tur Int Lev = 0.1%

t
/ = 0.1
L
ref
10
D
wall
/b = 9.7656E-4
Ncell = 7,694,423
/b 0 2 /b 0 44 /b 0 65
y/b = 0 80 y/b = 0 90 y/b = 0 95
y/b = 0.2 y/b = 0.44 y/b = 0.65
y/b = 0.80 y/b = 0.90 y/b = 0.95
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( ( Experimental data from the the AGARD
Working Group 04 AR 138 )
CONCLUSIONS
In the last two years a simulation system based on an Immersed
B d hh b d l d Boundary approach has been developed.
The system is able to simulate Euler/NS flows around single-
multi body 2D/3D configurations starting directly from the CAD
geometry.
A robust unstructured data management methodology for
anisotropic LGR Cartesian grids has been successfully
i l t d implemented.
An IB turbulent wall-model has been validated on attached flows
and being tested on mild separated flows.
Attention has been paid to the vectorization and parallelization
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
of the alghorithms.
Adaptive Refinement
Sensors
Velocity divergence
Vorticity
Pressure gradient
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Back
Anisotropic Refinement
The anisotropic refinement has two major advantages
a reduction of the number of the LGR cells with respect to isotropic
refinement
a control of the cell aspect ratio near geometry or near regions of
preferential flow gradient directions
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Back
LGR cell fluxes reconstruction
Linearly-exact 2D/3D y
interpolation scheme
C ll t di t t d Cell center gradients computed
by a weighted-least-square or
a Green-Gauss reconstruction a Green-Gauss reconstruction
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
Back
Onera M6
y/b 0 2 y/b 0 44 y/b 0 65 y/b = 0.2 y/b = 0.44 y/b = 0.65
/b 0 80 /b 0 90 /b 0 95 y/b = 0.80 y/b = 0.90 y/b = 0.95
Use or disclosure of the information contained herein is subject to specific written CIRA approval
( ( Experimental data from the the AGARD Working Group 04 AR 138 )
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