Production of Iron and Aluminum, Water, Hydrogen, Alkaline

Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, and Sodium

The production of iron and aluminum
Another use of the electrolysis is the purifcation of pure metals from their ores. To a
supply of electrical power to work in order to cause an oxidation or reduction
process, so that the materials to be extracted from the electrolyte solutions, or a
mixture of molten metals. In this way, materials can be obtained in pure form. In
addition to the electrolysis of an aqueous solution, electrolysis of a molten metal
can be performed. Technically, the electrolysis process can be used to purify sodium
and aluminum from a molten mass.
Aluminum is one of the most widely used metals in the world. But it is to win a
complicated process to pure aluminum from its mixtures. aw aluminum in nature
most commonly found as a component of bauxite.
A method for the purifcation of aluminum can be divided into two phases.
!tartin" from bauxite, we use the Bayer process to aluminum obtained in the
followin" manner# bauxite allows with sodium hydroxide, reaction of a base. This
leads to the release of aluminum in solution in the form of aluminum hydroxide.
After fltration, the aluminum is hydroxide separated from the hydroxide ions than
aluminum. This is fltered o$, and when heated, burnin" takes place. The result is
the "eneration of an alumina compound.
This aluminum%containin" product is put under electrolysis, formin" pure aluminum
and hydro"en. The electrolysis of a stream of molten metal means that the metal
can be separated from a molten mixture of salts of the metal with a hi"h electric
current, but a low &olta"e.
Iron as the transition metal of the fourth period of the 'eriodic Table has been found
known. In its pure form it is white, relati&ely soft and ma"netically. In nature, it is
usually found combined with other atoms in compounds. (ematite is one of the
most important ores is. !eparated iron from its ores in lar"e o&ens.
To win iron, industrial furnaces are necessary, as are iron ore, limestone and coal.
The necessary materials in a lar"e o&en pro&ided. The furnace has a &entilation
system, so that the air can circulate. (eatin" of limestone results in the production
of a calcium oxide.
). The oxy"en in the air reacts with the carbon, which carbon dioxide.
*. In the case of &ery hi"h temperatures, this carbon dioxide reacts with oxy"en to
form carbon monoxide.
+ reduces carbon monoxide in the iron ore to pure iron, as in the reaction of ,e*-+
. +/- * 0 ,e . +/-*
The "ases produced are called 1ue "ases and are released throu"h the chimney of
the industrial furnace.
Impurities, called sla", are li"hter than the iron produced so that they can be
separated from the bottom to the surface of the iron. In the lower part of the
industrial furnace pi" iron is produced. 'i" iron contains about *%23 +%43 carbon
and sla". In this state of iron can be used for castin" or for"in". -therwise, it is
possible to use other chemical processes to steel.
-f iron and a certain amount of carbon, ).23 of not exceed the total. /arbon steel
makes harder, while reducin" their formability. -ther metalloids can be added, so
that the steel to reach its usual properties. ,or example, steel may contain as much
as ))%)43 chromium.
Accordin" to the latest steel production processes, sla" and scrap additi&es are
added to the molten mass of crude iron. The addition of oxy"en acts to enhance the
oxidation of the contaminants, and can help to clean the steel.
The composition of the air and its contaminants
5o matter where we are on our planet, the 6arth, we are surrounded by the
atmosphere or air. Air, but not to be confused with oxy"en. -xy"en is one of the
components of the air. There are others. Air is as follows#
77.)3 nitro"en
*8.93 oxy"en
).)3 water &apor
8.:3 ar"on,
8.)3 other "ases ;hydro"en, carbon dioxide, rare "ases ...<
5ot to chan"e the proportions of these "ases usually a si"nifcant way, althou"h the
concentration of carbon dioxide or sulfde compounds in the air o&er ma=or cities
and industrial centers to dramatically increase in a fairly short period of time.
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