80

1 (a) (i) v = a dt
v = (8 2t) dt
v = 8t
2t
2
2
+ c
v = 8t t
2
+ c
When t = 0, v = 20 m s
1
.
Thus, c = 20.
v = 8t t
2
+ 20
At the maximum velocity,

dv
dt
= 0
8 2t = 0
t = 4

d
2
v
dt
2
= 2 (negative)
Therefore, v is a maximum.
When t = 4,
v
max
= 8(4) 4
2
+ 20
= 36 m s
1
(ii) When v = 0,
8t t
2
+ 20 = 0
t
2
8t 20 = 0
(t + 2)(t 10) = 0
t = 2 or 10
t = 2 is not accepted
t = 10
n = 10
(b)
20
10
(4, 36)
t (s)
O
v (m s
1
)
Total distance travelled during the period
of 0 t 10
= Area below the v t graph
=
10
0
v dt
=
10
0
(8t t
2
+ 20) dt
=

8t
2
2

t
3
3
+ 20t

10
0
=

4t
2

t
3
3
+ 20t

10
0
= 4(10)
2

10
3
3
+ 20(10) 0
= 266

2
3
m
2 (a) v = 3t(4 t)
= 12t 3t
2
dv
dt

= 12 6t
At maximum velocity,

dv
dt

= 0
12 6t = 0
t = 2

d
2
v
dt
2
= 6 (negative)
Hence, v is a maximum.
v
max
= 12(2) 3(2)
2

= 12 m s
1
Form 5: Chapter 20 (Motion Along a Straight Line)
SPM Practice
Fully Worked Solutions
Paper 2
81
(b) s = v dt
s = (12t 3t
2
) dt
s =
12t
2
2

3t
3
3
+ c
s = 6t
2
t
3
+ c
When t = 0, s = 0.
Thus, c = 0.
s = 6t
2
t
3
Distance travelled during the 3rd second
= | s
3
s
2
|
= | [6(3)
2
3
3
] [6(2)
2
2
3
]|
= |27 16|
= |11|
= 11 m
(c) When the particle passes through point O
again, s = 0.
When s = 0,
6t
2
t
3
= 0
t
2
(6 t) = 0
t = 0 or 6
t = 0 is not accepted
t = 6
(d) When a particle reverses its direction, it is at
instantaneous rest, i.e. v = 0.
When v = 0,
3t(4 t) = 0
t = 0 or 4
t = 0 is not accepted
t = 4
3 (a) v
P
= 4 + 2t 2t
2
When object P travels at a maximum velocity,
dv
P
dt
= 0.
When
dv
P
dt
= 0,
2 4t = 0
t =
1
2

d
2
v
P
dt
2

= 4 (negative)
Hence, the velocity of object P is a maximum.
v
P
(max) = 4 + 2

1
2

1
2

2
= 4
1
2
m s
1
(b) At point C, v
P
= 0
4 + 2t 2t
2
= 0
2 + t t
2
= 0
t
2
t 2 = 0
(t 2)(t + 1) = 0
t = 2 or 1
t = 1 is not accepted
t = 2
For object P,
s
P
= v
P
dt
s
P
= (4 + 2t 2t
2
) dt
s
P
= 4t + t
2

2t
3
3
+ c
When t = 0, s
P
= 0.
Thus, c = 0.
s
P
= 4t + t
2

2t
3
3
When t = 2,
s
P
= 4(2) + 2
2

2(2)
3
3
s
P
= 6
2
3
m
This displacement is
measured from point A.
For object Q,
s
Q
= (v
Q
t ) + 24
Displacement
= Uniform velocity Time
s
Q
= 7t + 24
When t = 2,
s
Q
= 7(2) + 24
= 10 m
We have to plus
24 here because
at the beginning of
the motion, object
Q is at 24 m to the
right of point A.
Hence, the distance between object P and
object Q is 10 6
2
3
= 3
1
3

m
(c) When object P and object Q meet,
s
P
= s
Q
4t + t
2

2t
3
3
= 7t + 24
12t + 3t
2
2t
3
= 21t + 72
2t
3
3t
2
33t + 72 = 0 (shown)
82
4 (a) (i) v = t
2
6t + k
When t = 0, v = 8
8 = 0
2
6(0) + k
k = 8
(ii) When v < 0,
t
2
6t + 8 < 0
(t 2)(t 4) < 0
2 4
t
Hence, the range of values of t when the
particle moves to the left is 2 < t < 4.
(iii) a =
dv
dt
= 2t 6
When a < 0,
2t 6 < 0
2t < 6
t < 3
Hence, the range of values of t when the
particle decelerates is 0 t < 3.
(b) (i)
t (s) 0 1 2 3 4
v (m s
1
) 8 3 0 1 0
8
2 4
(3, 1)
t (s)
O
v (m s
1
)
(ii) Total distance travelled in the first 4 s
= Area under the v t graph
=
2
0
v dt +
4
2
v dt
=
2
0
(t
2
6t + 8) dt +
4
2
(t
2
6t + 8) dt
=

t
3
3

3t
2
+ 8t

2
0
+

t
3
3
3t
2
+ 8t

4
2

=
2
3
3
3(2)
2
+ 8(2) 0 +

4
3
3
3(4)
2
+ 8(4)

2
3
3
3(2)
2
+ 8(2)

=
20
3
+

16
3

20
3

=
20
3
+

4
3

=
20
3
+
4
3
= 8 m
5 (a) v = 10 + 7t t
2
When t = 0, v = 10
Hence, the initial velocity is 10 m s
1
.
(b) At maximum velocity,

dv
dt
= 0
7 2t = 0
t = 3.5
When t = 3.5
v = 10 + 7(3.5) (3.5)
2
v = 2.25
d
2
v
dt
2
= 2 (< 0)
Hence, the maximum velocity is 2.25 m s
1
.
(c) When the particle travels to the right,
v > 0
10 + 7t t
2
> 0
t
2
7t + 10 < 0
(t 2)(t 5) < 0
2 5
t
Hence, the range of values of t during which
the particle travels to the right is 2 < t < 5.
83
(d) When v = 0,
10 + 7t t
2
= 0
t
2
7t + 10 = 0
(t 2)(t 5) = 0
t = 2 or 5
Therefore, the particle comes to
instantaneous rest for the second time
at t = 5.
s = v dt
s = (10 + 7t t
2
) dt
s = 10t +
7t
2
2

t
3
3
+ c
When t = 0, s = 0.
Thus, c = 0.
s = 10t +
7t
2
2

t
3
3
t 0 2 5
s 0
8
2
3
4
1
6
t = 2
t = 5
0
4
1
6
8
2
3
Hence, the total distance travelled
= 8
2
3
+

8
2
3
4
1
6

= 8
2
3
+ 4
1
2
= 13
1
6
m
6 (a) At point A,
v = 0
12 + 4t t
2
= 0
t
2
4t 12 = 0
(t + 2)(t 6) = 0
t = 2 or 6
t = 2 is not accepted
t = 6
a =
dv
dt
a = 4 2t
When t = 6,
a = 4 2(6)
= 8 m s
2
(b) At maximum velocity,

dv
dt
= 0
4 2t = 0
t = 2
d
2
v
dt
2
= 2 (< 0)
v
max
= 12 + 4(2) 2
2

= 16 m s
1
(c) s = v dt
s = (12 + 4t t
2
) dt
= 12t + 2t
2

t
3
3
+ c
When t = 0, s = 0.
Thus, c = 0.
s = 12t + 2t
2

t
3
3
t 0 6 10
s 0 72
13
1
3
t = 10
t = 6 t = 0
0 72
13
1
3
Total distance travelled
= 72 + 72 + 13
1
3
= 157
1
3
m
7 (a) a =
dv
dt
= 4 m s
2
(b) When v = 0,
6 4t = 0
t = 1.5 s
84
(c) s = v dt
s = (6 4t ) dt
s = 6t 2t
2
+ c
When t = 0, s = 0. c = 0
s = 6t 2t
2

When s = 20 (at K),
6t 2t
2
= 20
2t
2
6t 20 = 0
t
2
3t 10 = 0
(t + 2)(t 5) = 0
t = 5
When t = 5, v = 6 4(5) = 14 m s
1
(d)
t (s) 0 1.5 5
s (m) 0 4.5 20

Total distance travelled
= 4.5 + 4.5 + 20 = 29 m
t = 5
t = 0 t = 1.5
O L K
20 0 4.5