MATERIALS IN INDUSTRY

8.1 Alloy
1.Which of the following are uses of an alloy?
Antara yang berikut yang manakah kegunaan aloi?
I. To make ornaments
Membuat barang perhiasan
II. To produce superconductors
Menghasilkan superkonduktor
III. To build the bodies of aircraft
Membina badan pesawat terbang

A. I and ii only
B. I and iii only
C. Ii and iii only
D. I,ii and iii

2.Which of the process increase the hardness of the metal?
Antara proses berikut yang manakah dapat menambahkan kekerasan sesuatu logam?
A. Purification/penulenan
B. Alloying/pengaloian
C. Plating/penyaduran
D. Polymerization/pempolimeran
3.What is the main metal used in the formation of pewter?
Apakah logam utama yang digunakan dalam pembentukan piuter?
A. Iron/ferum
B. Nickel/nikel
C. Tin/timah
D. Antimony/antimony

4.A student wants to build a model of an aeroplane which is light and strong.
Which of the following substances is the most subtable to the used?
Seorang murid ingin membina model kapal terbang yang ringan dan kuat.
Bahan manakah yang paling sesuai digunakan?
A. Iron/ferum
B. Steel/keluli
C. Copper/kuprum
D. Duralumin/duralumin


5.Which mixture from bronze?
Campuran manakah menghasilkan gangsa?
A. Iron and carbon/besi dan karbon
B. Copper and tin/kuprum dan timah
C. Copper and tin/kuprum dan zink
D. Tin and antimony/timah dan antimony
6.Diagram 10 shows an aeroplane.Rajah 10 menunjukkan sebuah kapal terbang

What is the material used to build the part labeled S?
Apakah bahan yang digunakan untuk membina bahagian berlabeL S?
A. Iron/besi
B. Steel/keluli
C. Duralumium/duralumin
D. Aluminium/aluminium
7.The body of an aeroplane is made of duralumin.
What is the main metal used?
Badan kapal terbang diperbuat daripada duralumin.
Apakah logam utama yang digunakan?
A. Aluminium/aluminium
B. Magnesium/magnesium
C. Copper/kuprum
D. Iron/besi





8.Diagram 11 shows the arrangement of atoms in a substance.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan atom dalam suatu bahan.

What is the function of foreign atoms?
Apakah fungsi atom-atom asing?
A. Soften the substance
Melembutkan bahan
B. Prevent the atoms from sliding
Menghalang atom-atom daripada menggelongsor
C. Increase the attractive force among the atoms
Meningkatkan daya tarikan antara atom
D. Decrease the melting point of the substance
Merendahkan takat lebur bahan.














SECTION B
1.Figure 7.1 shows the formation og bronze.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pembentukkan gangsa.

a) On figure 7.1 name the atom of metal X and Y.
Pada rajah 7.1 namakan atom bagi logam X and Y (2m)
b) Name process P

(1m)
c) (i) State one property of bronze.
Nyatakan satu sifat bagi gangsa.

(1m)
(ii) State the effect of the atoms of metal Y in bronze.
Nyatakan kesan atom logam Y dalam gangsa


(1m)






d) The metal in figure 7.2 is made of bronze.
Pingat dalam Rajah 7.2 dibuat daripada gangsa.

Give one property of the medal if it is made of metal X only.
Beri satu sifat pingat ini jika ia hanya dibuat daripada logam X sahaja.

(1m)

2.Diagram 2.1 shows an experiment to study the resistance of steel alloy towards corrosion.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji ketahanan aloi keluli terhadap
pengaratan.

After 3 days,the result obtain is shown Diagram 2.2.
Selepas 3 hari,keputusan yang diperolehi ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2.

a) Based on Diagram 2.2,write down one observation for tnis experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2,tulis satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.

(1m)


b) Write down one hypothesis for this experiment.
Tulis satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

(1m)
c) State the variable in this experiment.
Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperiment ini.
(i) Constant variable/pembolehubah dimalarkan

(1m)
(ii) Manipulated variable/pembolehubah dimanipulasi

(1m)
d) Predict the condition of the steel nail on the 5 day.
Ramalkan keadaan paku keluli itu pada hari ke-5.

(1m)
e) Based on this experiment,state the operational definition for an alloy.
Berdasarkan eksperiment ini,nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi aloi.

(1m)









SECTION C
1.Study the following statement.
Kaji pernyataan di bawah.





You are given an iron nail,a steel nail and sodium chloride solution.
Anda diberi sebatang paku besi,sebatang paku keluli dan larutan natrium klorida.
a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement.
Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.
(1m)
b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in 10(a) based on the following criteria.
Terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda di 10(a) berpandukan kriteria
berikut.
(i) Aim of the experiment.
Tujuan eksperimen (1m)
(ii) Identification of variables.
Mengenalpasti masalah pembolehubah
(2m)
(iii)List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan (1m)
(iv) Procedure and method
Prosedur dan kaedah (4m)
(v) Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data (1m)





An alloy and a pure metal have a different corrosive resistance characteristic.
Aloi dan logam tulen mempunyai sifat tahan kakisan yang berbeza


2. Study the following statement.
Kaji pernyataan berikut.
An alloy is harder than its pure metals.
Aloi lebih keras berbanding logam tulennya.

a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigation the above statement.
Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas.
(1m)
b) Brass is an alloy containing copper.
Using a copper block,brass block,steel ball and other apparatus,describe an experiment to
test your hypothesis in 10(a) based on the following criteria:
Loyang ialah aloi yang mengandungi kuprum.
Menggunakan block kuprum,blok Loyang ,bola keluli dan radas lain,huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda di 10(a) berdasarkan criteria berikut:
I. Aim of the experiment.
tujuan experiment (1m)
II. Identification of variable
.Mengenalpasti pembolehubah (2m)
III. List of apparatus and materials.
Senarai radas dan bahan (1m)
IV. Procedure and method.
Prosedur dan kaedah (4m)
V. Tabulation of data.
Penjadualan data (1m)











3.(a) State one similarity and three differences between alloy and pure metals.
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan tiga perbezaan antara aloi dan logam tulen.
(4m)

(b)Table 11 shows the arrangement of atoms in three types of alloy which are bronze,brass and
steel.
Jadual 11 menunjukkan susunan atom bagi tiga jenis aloi atau gangsa,Loyang dan keluli.

Study the information in Table 11 and construct the concept of alloy.
Kaji maklumat dalam Jadual 11 dan bina konsep aloi.
Your answer should be based on the following steps:
Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
i. Identify two common characteristic
Kenal pastii dua ciri ciri sepunya (2m)
ii. Give one other example of an alloy
Berikan satu contoh lain bagi aloi (1m)
iii. Give one example of an non-alloy and the reason
Berikan satu contoh bukan aloi da sebabnya (2m)
iv. Relate the common characteristic to construct the correct concept of alloy
Hubungkaitkan cirri sepunya untuk membina konsep aloi. (1m)





8.2 The Production and Uses of Ammonia in Industry
1.The information shows a word equation of the Haber process.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan persamaan perkataan bagi proses Haber.

What happen when the temperature is decreased to 200c?
Apakah yang berlaku apabila suhu diturunkan kepada 200c?
I. Less ammonia is produced
Sedikit ammonia terhasil
II. The reaction becomes slow
Tindak balas menjadi perlahan
III. Solid ammonia is produced
Pepejal ammonia terhasil

A. I and ii only
B. I and iii only
C. Ii and iii only
D. I,ii and iii
2.The word equation below shows the reaction to produce a type of fertilizer.
Persamaan perkataan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sejenis baja.

Fertilizer X is.
Baja X ialah.
A. Ammonium nitrate/ammonium nitrat
B. Ammonium sulphate/ammonium sulfat
C. Ammonium chloride/ammonium klorida
D. Ammonium carbonate/ammonium karbonat


3.The following information shows the uses of chemical substance X.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kegunaan bahan X.




What is X?
Apakah X?
A. Ester/ester
B. Alcohol/alcohol
C. Ammonia/ammonia
D. Neoprene/neoprene
4.Which gas is released by industrial activities is the main cause of acidic rain?
Antara gas yang dibebaskan oleh aktiviti perindustrian,yang manakah penyebab utama hujan
asid?
A. Ammonia
B. Sulphur dioxide
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Carbon monoxide

5.Diagram 10 shows the production of compound X in an industry.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan proses penghasilan sebatian X dalam industry.

What is compound X?
Apakah sebatian X?
To produce fertilizer/menghasilkan baja
To produce nitric acid/menghasilkan asid nitrik

A. Nitrate/nitra
B. Ammonia/ammonia
C. Nitric acid/asid nitric
D. Sulphuric acid/asid sulfuric


6.The following word equation shows a chemical reaction.
Persamaan perkataan berikut menunjukkan suatu tindak balas kimia.

What is X?
Apakah X?
A. Urea/urea
B. Soap/sabun
C. Ester/ester
D. Ammonia/ammonia

















8.3 The Effect of Industrial Waste Disposal on The Environment
1.The surrounding area of a factory is polluted when the factory.
Kawasan persekitaran kilang tercemar apabila itu.
A. Uses air-conditioning
Menggunakan pendingin hawa
B. Uses a low smoke chimney
Menggunakan cerobong asap yang rendah
C. Uses electricity to operate
Menggunakan tenaga elektrik untuk beroperasi
D. Burns waste materials in an enclosed incinerator
Membakar bahan buangan dalam incinerator tertutup


2.The following information shows the effect of pollution on the environment.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kesan pencemaran ke atas alam sekitar.



What is the source of the pollution?
Apakah punca pencemaran itu?
A. Agriculture waste/sisa pertanian
B. Radioactive waste/sisa radioaktif
C. Burning fossil fuels/pembakaran bahan api fosil
D. Industrial toxic waste/sisa industry




Acid rain/hujan asid
Global warming/pemanasan global




3.Diagram 12 shows the location of a resindental area where Adam lives.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan lokasi kawasan perumahan di mana Adam tinggal.

Lately he finds out that he always has difficult in respiratory system which lead that asthmatic.
What is the main cause of the problem?
A. Air pollution/pencemaran udara
B. Thermal pollution/pencemaran terma
C. Water pollution/pencemaran air
D. Sound pollution/pencemaran bunyi















8.4 The Need for Preservation and Conservation of The Environment from Industrial Waste
Pollution
1.Choose the correct match between industrial wastes and the method of controlling them.
Pilih padanan yang betul tentang bahan sisa industri dan cara pengawalannya.
Industrial wastes Methods of controlling
A. Radioactive wastes Recycle
Sisa radioaktif Kitar semula
B. Toxic wastes Flow out to the river
Bahan sisa toksik Aliran ke sungai
C. Oil palm wastes open burning
Sisa kelapa sawit pembakaran terbuka
D. Soot and dust Electrostatic precipitator
Jelaga dan habuk pemendak elektostatik

2.Which of the following is the effect of excessive disposal of organic waste?
Antara yang berikut,yang manakah kesan pelupusan sisa organic yang berlebihan?
A. Acid rain/hujan asid
B. Greenhouse effect/kesan rumah hijau
C. Depletion of the ozone layer/Penipisan lapisan ozon
D. Destruction of aquatic lafe/kemusnahan hidupan akuatik












Answer
8.1
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. B
Section B
1. a) X: Copper
Y: Tin
b) Alloying
c) i) Harder/stronger/does not rust
ii) To prevent the layer of atom from sliding over one another
d) Malleable
2. a) Paki besi berkarat manakala paku keluli tidak berkarat
b) Aloi lebih tahan karat berbanding logam tulen
c) i) isipadu air suling
ii) jenis paku
d) Tidak berkarat
e) Aloi ialah bahan yang tidak berkarat selepas direndam dalam air selepas 3 hari
Section C
1. a) A steel nail does not rust easily compared to an iron nail
b) i) To study the corrosive resistance of steel nail and iron nail
ii) Fixed variable:volume/concentration of sodium chloride
Manipulated variable: type of nail
Responding variable:corrosive resistance of the nails
iii) Test tubes ,test tube A and test tube rack,0.5 mol dm sodium chloride,iron nail,steel nail.
iv) Procedure:
1. Each test tube ,test tube A and test tube B is filled with 10 cm3 of sodium chloride
solution.
2. An iron nail is put into test tube A and steel nail is put into test tube B.
3. Both test tubes are left on a test tube rack for three days.
4. After three days,the eobservation is recorded.
v) Tabulation of data:
Types of Nails Corrosive resistance in a nail
Iron nail
Steel nail
Rust
No rust

2. a) Alloy is harder than pure matel
b) i) Aim: To study the hardness of alloy compared to its pure metal
ii) Variable:
constant:size of the steel ball
Manipulated: type of block
Responding: The depth of dent on each block
iii) Apparatus/Materials:
copper block,brass block,steel ball,ruler
iv) Procedure:
1. Measure the height of the steel ball from the copper block by using a ruler
2. Release the steel ball on the copper block
3. Measure the depth of the dent formed
4. Repeat steps 1-3 using brass block to replace copper block
v) Tabulation of data:
Types of metal Depth of the dent
Copper
Brass



3. a) simililarity:Both alloys and pure metals consist of pure metal atoms
Differences:
Alloy Pure metals
Harder Softer
Stronger Weaker
More resistance to corrosion Easily rusty

b) i) two common characteristics
1. harder
2. stronger
ii) One example of an alloy: pewter
iii) One example of non-alloy: copper
Reason:it consists only copper atoms
iv) The concept of alloy
Alloy is a material that is harder and stronger.
8.2
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. D
8.3
1. B
2. D
3. A
8.4
1. D
2. D