PHYSICS 2: HSC COURSE 2nd edition (Andriessen et al)

OPTION MODULE: FROM QUANTA TO QUARKS

Chapter 23 Development of quantum mechanics (Questions, page 450)

1. While the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom was a major step forward, there were
problems with Bohr model. How could you have a model that was a mixture of classical
and quantum physics? It could not explain a number of observations such as Zeeman
effect, hyperfine lines or the relative intensities of spectral lines.
Heisenberg developed quantum mechanics which was able to explain these
observations and removed any association with classical physics.

2. Bohr realised that his model was limited and was pleased when a new model based
entirely on quantum mechanics was developed.

3.
(a) de Broglie predicted that matter had a wave nature and this was not seen by his
examiners as being associated with reality.

(b) He suggested that it should be possible to observe the diffraction of electrons from
the surface of a crystal. This would confirm his theory by demonstrating the wave nature
of electrons.

(c) Davison and Germer did in fact show that electrons were diffracted when they were
scattered from the surface of a crystal. Davison and Germer had the good fortune to use
an annealed nickel and detected a diffraction pattern produced by the electrons scattered
from its surface.

4. As =
h
mv
, the electron (which has a smaller mass) will have the longer wavelength.

5. As =
h
mv
, the slower electron will have the longer wavelength.

6.
(a) Its new wavelength will be half its original wavelength.

(b) Again, its new wavelength will be half its original wavelength. However, at this
velocity, the wavelengths are 1/1000 of the values in part (a), and the change in
wavelength is correspondingly smaller.




1
From Quanta to Quarks Chapter 23
7.
(a)

m 10 43 . 2
10 00 . 3 10 11 . 9
10 63 . 6
h
11
7 31
34

=


=
=
mv

(b)

1 22
11
34
s m 10 73 . 2
10 43 . 2 1 . 0
10 63 . 6
h
h

=


=
=
=

m
v
mv



8.
(a)

( )
m 10 86 . 2
10 19 . 8
10 602 . 1 10 675 . 1 2
10 63 . 6
E 2
h
E 2
h
h
E 2
2
1
E
14
28
13 27
2
34
2
2

=
=


=
=
=
=
=
=
m
m
m
mv
m
v
mv

2
From Quanta to Quarks Chapter 23
(b)
( )
m 10 02 . 2
10 10 . 4
10 602 . 1 02 . 0 10 675 . 1 2
10 63 . 6
E 2
h
h
13
26
13 27
2
34
2

=
=


=
=
=
m
mv

3
From Quanta to Quarks Chapter 23