The Short Vowels a 2 The following are the three short Arabic vowels. They arr ceaTie tenn ne rannne anna anna are written above or below the Arabic letters. i) Fatha - This is a short diagonal stroke written above an Arabic letter, It is pronounced ‘a’, as in the English word ‘cat’ Read the alphabet below with fatha on each letter. +---- io ( — \ \ Gla eG A e ) ele 2 — te G: w& .The Short Vowels — Continued ii) Kasra This is a short diagonal stroke written below an Arabic letter. Read the alphabet below with kasra on each letter. Itis pronounced ‘i’, as in the English word ‘bit’ ~«---- a eo oe w— uv CY ‘ CC iy G, [vu \G. \ (. ‘G C Co G ~ oe Cc —~ -C te) > & |G Gc: WG, Kw bPractise reading your alphabet with fatha, kasra and damma (a, i, u) reroue 9 SUP he read Boe restos 9 9 OS 3 he was good ¢) uw co he understood ra eo) he desired, , 3 wished 7 rows Bj | rewow a a SS endowed with he laughed 3 c ie roones OE | oer er ede resmcter D yo US 24Joining up Arabic letters (For an explanation, please see p. 27) By itself \ Sod G ** vor aaA & & 3 Joined vu vu u & & & wy = u. End L Fee rag @ bE Middle L ror Pe Pf 4 Beginning \ Ll. Ll: * The six starred ‘naughty’ letters cannot be joined to the lett. For an explanation, see p. 27. ** sometimes at the end of a word the letter taa is written 8 or 4 which is called toa marb: *Beginning ~ ~~ a obs 4343 Jj9Joining up Arabic letters - continued So far, we have learned how to write the Arabic letters when they are not joined together. However, Arabic words are usually written in a joined-up form. Most letters of the Arabic alphabet can be joined on either side. The shape of each letter changes according to its position within a word. These different forms must be learnt so that one can recognise the letters when they are combined together to make words. Each letter has four forms: beginning, middle, end and by itself. On the previous two pages you will find a table showing how each letter is written according to its position in a word, The ‘Naughty’ Letters There are six ‘naughty’ letters which refuse to join on to any letter after them (in other words, to the left of them). However, they do allow other normal letters to join them from the right. The ‘naughty’ letters are: 3 5 » 3 2 \ A normal letter written after a naughty letter cannot take the middle form. It will take the beginning form instead, unless it is the last letter of a word, in which case it will take the ‘by itself’ form Exercise Write out the Arabic alphabet in the boxes below, and draw a circle around the six ‘naughty’ letters a (Vy VY 27Practice with the ‘Naughty’ Letters ws wth wax wid vl +I due-s+0 | Jy<3s+uY eee Jg—de9) | Q5-S+5) | mere paged) | eae) | nee What happens when both the letters are naughty? sjo—oae | go 3 + 3 gh —9 + SI lo—\+ 09 333+ 5 \g la 9 Sy 25 p~-yt >| s)— 34 | 7 +3 by -o+ 5) | 1 -1+ 5 28Practice with joining letters Copy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. he looked for, ane cere! he researched nackonk oe = > a e , “4 he left ~ 3 , “od a 5Practice with joining letters Copy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. wa guardedPractice with joining letters Copy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. az he was proud | he tuned up. 249 > 4 4 ne chosed awa ab >, + he repelled a asted ads v F L..Practice with joining letters Copy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters, na took ne thanked allegedPractice with joining letters Copy out the words onto the lines provided, and learn how to join the letters. a he was resolute he urged, incited he dozed: he was sleepy