FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE AND

POLICY STUDIES
BACHELOR IN ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE
(AM 228)
MALAYSIA ECONOMY ( ADS 504)
UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG GRADUATE

TABLE OF CONTENT
INDEX TOPIC
1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG GRADUATE
.0
.1
.2
.


REASON EMPLOYMENT AMONG GRADUATE
S!"#$%! C&'($!$%)* +%# A,-.-!*
L$)!"/$/ C&'($!$%)$
0"+.-!* &1 E#")+!-&%
4.0 RECOMMENDATION
5.0 CONCLUSION
1.0 Introduction

Malaysia is a growing and relatively an open economy country. According to Global
Competitiveness Report (2010) Malaysia was ran!ed at 2" in year 2010 and also one o# t$e
largest economic countries in %out$ &ast Asia. Malaysia $as ac$ieved consistent records o#
dynamic economic growt$ over t$e period o# 1'(0)2010 alt$oug$ $ave #aced Asian #inancial
crises in 1''*. +n term o# openness o# economy Malaysia still remains positive e##ects wit$
$ig$ volume o# e,ports and t$is dynamic open economic $as re#lected some o# ma-or
economic indicators in Malaysia especially in term o# unemployment scenario.
Anot$er #actor t$at contribute toward t$is ac$ievement is $uman capital. +n t$e #actor o#
production $uman is t$e biggest #actor w$ic$ are !nown as labour and entrepreneur..uman
capital resources w$ic$ are #ull o# potential and competitive are needed in t$is globali/ation
era. &ven t$oug$ it is not written in any pro#it and loss reports o# any organi/ation t$is type o#
$uman capital is vital in determining t$e per#ormance o# an organi/ation or a country. 0it$out
1uali#ied $uman capital resources a country becomes wea! as t$e lac! o# $uman #actor t$at
can initiate new initiatives in socioeconomic activities
(Asmawati 200'). .owever producing $uman capital resources t$at are compre$ensive and at
a world class level is not an easy tas! and it is a c$allenge to Malaysia. 2$at is w$y Malaysia
$as trans#eror its education program policies and #acilities in order to produce a #irst class
$uman capital. +n t$e last 20 years t$e e,pansion o# $ig$er education $as created a $ig$
number o# graduates in a variety o# disciplines. 2$e e,pansion includes a number o# public as
well as private institutions. 3ublic universities $ave grown #rom seven public universities in t$e
1''0s to a total o# 20 in 200* (Ministry o# .ig$er &ducation 200*). A total o# 1( private
universities $ave also been establis$ed during t$e same period. At t$e same time t$ere are
more t$an 400 ot$er institutions including university colleges branc$ campuses o# local and
overseas institutions open universities and ot$er institutions wit$ non)university status. %tudent
enrolment $ad s!y)roc!eted. +n 2002 t$e total number o# students enrolled in $ig$er institutions
was 4*"56' and enrolment $ad increased to *5(*'* in 200*
2.0 Unemployment Among Malaysia Graduate
According to t$e de#inition o# t$e Malaysia 7abour 8orce %urvey t$e unemployed include
persons w$o were available #or wor! but did not wor! during a re#erence period. 2$ey could
eit$er be actively loo!ing #or wor! or not during t$e said period. Currently unemployment
among t$e graduates becomes an issue not only in Malaysia but also around t$e world. 2$e
9epartment o# %tatistics Malaysia (2011) #ound t$at t$e unemployment rate in Malaysia $ad
increased #rom 6.2 : in 200* to 6.*: in 200'. 2$e Minister o# .uman Resources 8ong C$an
;nn stated t$at t$e <ational &conomic Action Council wit$ t$e collaboration o# t$e 9epartment
o# .uman Manpower $ad conducted a census in 2004 and it is #ound t$at 4'000 graduates and
diploma $olders were unemployed and 60000 graduates wor!ed in a #ield t$at do not matc$
wit$ t$eir $ig$er educational 1uali#ications.
=ased #rom resources o# -ob vacancies and -ob placement in 3eninsular Malaysia in 2012 it is
revealed t$at -ob vacancies are increasing #rom year to year. .owever t$ese -ob vacancies are
#illed by only a part o# t$e wor!ers. 2$is s$ows t$at t$e unemployment issue is $appened not
because o# t$e lac! o# -ob opportunities instead it $appens because o# ot$er #actors suc$ as t$e
low 1uality o# a graduate. &ven t$oug$ t$e unemployment rate in Malaysia is considered low as
compared to countries li!e t$e >nited %tates and ot$er countries in &urope it is not an issue to
be neglected. 2$is is because graduates are $uman wor!#orce t$at is vital and become t$e core
#or innovative and productive $ig$)income economy. 2$ere#ore t$is paper aims to identi#y
primary #actors t$at lead to t$e unemployment issue among t$e Malaysian graduates and
$ence it can $ope#ully become guidelines in curbing t$is problem.
3.0 Reason for Unemployment Among Malaysia Graduate
6.1 Graduate Competency and Ability
Graduates competencies and ability also !nown as graduate attribute are t$e 1uality or s!ills
t$at need to be gained by t$e graduates and need to be developed by t$e graduates w$en
t$ey are at t$e $ig$er educational institutions. 8or graduates? attributes t$e #ocus is
c$annelled on two types o# s!ill w$ic$ are tec$nical and employability s!ills. 2ec$nical s!ill is
important s!ill t$at need in order to operate t$e -ob suc$ as typing s!ill. 0$ile employability
s!ill re#ers to t$e 1uality and personal insig$t. A study conducted by Ramlee at al. (200()
#ound t$at nowadays t$e university students $ave a minimum preparation in #acing t$e
globali/ation and t$e !)economy era. 2$e Graduate 2racer %tudy Report in 200' #ound t$at
about (1.*: o# t$e unemployed graduates stated t$at t$ey are in a dire need o# additional
trainings. 2$ese include trainings o# &nglis$ language s!ills career development +C2 s!ills
communication s!ills and entrepreneurial s!ills (Graduates 2racer %tudy %ystem by Ministry
o# .ig$er &ducation 200'). 7ac! o# $ig$)leveled s!ills especially in tec$nical s!ills and
employability s!ills in#luence t$e concept o# employability and become one o# t$e #actors to
unemployment problem among t$e graduates ( %usima and %ununta 2006). 2$e current
world o# development in t$is tec$nological era emp$asi/es on t$e mastering o# tec$nical
s!ills ($ard s!ills) and employability s!ills by every graduate. &mployers and t$e industry
associations commonly associate t$e lac! o# so#t s!ills suc$ as a positive wor! et$ic
communication s!ills team wor!ing decision) ma!ing s!ill and leaders$ip as a !ey #actor
a##ecting t$e employability o# Malaysian graduates.
6.2 7ecturers? competency
2$e 1uality o# lecturers is an important #actor t$at determines t$e 1uality o# university
graduates. 7ecturers are not only bound to t$eir daily tas! o# educating but t$eir be$aviours
become e,amples and models to t$e students (<ur @a!ia$ .ani and Masnora 2011).
According to 3alan (2006) competency comprises o# #ive c$aracteristics w$ic$ are
!nowledge s!ills personal values attitudes and motivation in doing a tas!. =racey G.0.
(200") stated t$at in Australia it becomes t$e responsibility o# a lecturer to integrate
c$aracteristics o# a s!il#ul graduate in t$e curriculum. +smail (2012) mentioned t$at t$e 1uality
o# graduates is depending on t$e educator.
2$e tas! o# lecturers is important as t$ey are re1uired to educate t$e graduates to become
e,cellent $uman capitals w$ic$ will serve and develop t$e economy o# a country. .owever
not all lecturers could carry t$is tas! wit$ t$eir #ullest $eart. 2$ere are lecturers w$o are not
interested in t$eir -ob. Conse1uently t$e students do not get appropriate input according to
t$e outlined curriculum. A$mad &ismat (200') also #ound t$at t$ere were lecturers at a
$ig$er educational institution in Malaysia w$o did not emp$asi/e on planning and organi/ing
s!ills in teac$ing and learning activities. 7ecturers s$ould be aware t$at t$ese s!ills are
important to be ac1uired by graduates be mar!etable graduate
6.6 Auality o# education
A good 1uality o# education is necessary to ac$ieve customers? satis#action. (Roselena
200*). .oy and Mis!el (2004) stated t$at among t$e #actors t$at a##ect t$e e##ectiveness o#
an educational institution are leaders$ip 1uality o# t$e curriculum classroom climate
ac$ievement)oriented e##ective learning time structured teac$ing and recognition o# a
success. .ig$er education is considered a !ey to graduates career development. 2$e
increasing number o# t$e public and private educational institutions in Malaysia results to a
competition among t$e educational institutions and t$e increase o# unemployed graduates.
2$e #unction o# universities in providing curriculum and components o# educational #ield are
not in line wit$ t$e re1uired wor!place s!ills. 2$is leads to t$e di##iculties among t$e
graduates to obtain -obs w$ic$ matc$ t$eir s!ills and 1uali#ications. 2$is also leads to a
problem in w$ic$ graduates are not able to implement w$at t$ey $ave learned at t$e
educational institutions in t$eir wor!ing #ield. %usima and %ununta (2006) stated t$at nearly
20000 graduates in %ri 7an!a were unemployment and t$is was due to t$e s!ills ac1uired
by t$e graduates did not meet t$e re1uirements by t$e employers and t$e s!ills were not in
accordance wit$ t$e current mar!et.
4.0 Recommendation
+# we see bac! all o# t$e problem are in same o##ice. 2$e education decide curriculums and
provide #acilities lecturers t$at give !nowledge and student t$e one w$o are learning. 0e
can see $ere one o# t$is #actor do not wor!s e##ectively w$en t$e ot$er #actor also doing
mista!e. 8or an e,ample education curriculum do not attac$ wit$ mar!et want lectures
$ave to teac$ t$e curriculum alt$oug$ !nows t$at problem and t$e #inis$ product w$ic$ is
student are not mar!etable because do not comply wit$ mar!et wants. 2$at is w$y
government $as to open some space to t$e university especially on t$e public university to
decide on t$eir way o# learning. Government -ust $ave to set t$e per#ormance indicator t$at
based on mar!et demand w$ile it?s up to t$e university to ac$ieve it. =ut t$is open space
need to monitor. +# we see t$e top university in t$e world suc$ as .arvard and ;,#ord
university t$at are do not bound by any decision or policies o# study o# t$e government. 2$e
lecturers also $as a very elasticity in managing t$e outline and way o# teac$ing. +t is t$e time
#or Malaysia to #ollow t$is step. 7et university become #ree #rom government intervention
especially in terms politic. 2$e wise said led t$e academic institution lead by t$e
academicians and let t$e politic involve in politicians.
5.0 onclusion.
Alt$oug$ t$e unemployment rate among t$e graduate can be said as still in control but t$e
important is on $ow we want e##ective allocate our graduate to ma!e sure t$at t$is graduate
do not become t$e problem to t$e nation but as mean #or t$e government to ac$ieve
developed nation and $ig$ income nation in 2020. 8or t$at many trans#ormation need to be
done to so we can c$ange t$e view t$at our youngster is not anymore a village $ero but a
nation religion and world $ero
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