Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Model Model
Lecture No. 10
October 17, 2002
The Angle of Dilation The Angle of Dilation
The angle of dilation is
the measure of the
change in volumetric
strain with respect to the
change in shear strain.
Soils that have positive
value of dilate during
shearing and those that
have negative value of
contract during shearing.
The value of at critical state is zero.
In Mohrs circle of strain shown above, is given by:
( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
max
3 1 1
3 1
3 1 1
sin sin
zx
Peak and Critical Shear Strengths Peak and Critical Shear Strengths
The peak shear
strength,
p
, is the
peak shear stress
attained by a dilating
soil as shown in figure
on the left.
The angle of dilation at
peak shear stress is
denoted by
p
.
zx
cs
cs
r
Residual Residual
State State
This strength is called the residual shear
strength and is denoted by
r
.
For certain fissured soils, for example the stiff clays
of the Prairies, the residual shear strength is only
a fraction of the critical state shear strength.
For such soils, stability calculations must be
based on the residual shear strength values.
Shear Strength of Soils Shear Strength of Soils Key Points Key Points
The friction angle at critical state,
cs
, is a
fundamental soil parameter and therefore, it is
not influenced by external factors such as level of
normal effective stress or drainage conditions.
The friction angle at peak stress for dilating soils,
p
, is not a fundamental soil parameter but
depends on the capacity of the soil to dilate.
At low normal effective stresses,
p
has very high
values whereas at high normal effective stresses,
p
is almost equal to
cs
.
The Friction Model only gives information of the
soil shear strength when slip is initiated. It does
not give any information on the strains in the soil
at failure.
The Mohr The Mohr- -Coulomb Model Coulomb Model
When conducting a shear strength test on a soil
sample, we apply normal total stresses at the
boundaries of the sample and measure the
generated pore water pressures to infer the normal
effective stresses on the boundary.
The Friction Model is unable to give us the effect
of distribution of stresses within the soil sample on
the soil strength.
As we have seen before, such distribution can be
readily obtained using a Mohrs Circle of Stress.
Therefore, the Mohrs Circle of Stress can be
combined with Coulombs Friction law to obtain
the Mohr-Coulomb Model.
The Mohr The Mohr- -Coulomb Model (Continued..) Coulomb Model (Continued..)
Mohr-Coulomb Model allows us to define shear failure of a soil
mass based on its state of stress.
Referring to the
figure on the left,
lets draw a
Coulomb failure
line AB and
subject a
cylindrical soil
specimen to
principal stresses
so that the Mohrs
circle of stress
touches the
Coulomb failure
line.
We are now able to define the
critical state angle of friction
(
cs
) in terms of the principal
stresses at failure.
The Mohr The Mohr- -Coulomb Model (Continued..) Coulomb Model (Continued..)
The critical state angle of friction (
cs
) represents
the slope of the Coulomb failure line and is given
by:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
(
+
=
f 3 f 1
f 3 f 1
cs
1
sin
The failure plane or the slip plane is inclined at
an angle to the plane on which the major
principal effective stress acts:
2
45
cs
+ =
o
The Mohr The Mohr- -Coulomb Model (Continued..) Coulomb Model (Continued..)
The maximum shear
stress,
max
, defined
below is not the
failure shear stress:
( ) | | 2
f 3 1 max
=
Failure occurs when
the soil reaches the
maximum effective
stress obliquity:
( )
( )
f 3
f 1