16X2 LCD INTERFACING IN 4-BIT MEHOD

Abstract:
Several electronic devices and projects require a message to be displayed in order to
indicate their functioning. This topic explains how to display a message (string) on 1x! "#$ by
interfacing it to %&'1 microcontroller ((T%)#'1).
The *+bit mode "#$ interface requires four data lines and two or three control lines. ,n
this tutorial- 1x! "#$ interfaced with %&'1 microcontroller in *+bit mode without using busy
status flag. ,n *+bit mode "#$ interface- .#/ sends the data or command byte in two *+bit bus
transfers to "#$ as nibbles. ( nibble is *bit data- which is half a byte.
,n the above figure- the port& upper four lines of the %&'1 microcontroller is connected to
data lines ($*+$0) of the "#$. ,n %&'1 microcontroller- the port& doesn1t have the internal pull+
up resistors and all these port& pins are open drain configuration. So we need to connect an
external pull+up resistor to each port pin to improve the driving capability of the port&. The pull+
up resistor values should be between *.02ohms to 1&2ohms as recommended in the data sheet of
the microcontroller.
The control pins (3nable- 456- 4S) of the "#$ are connected to port! of the %&'1.#/
(7!.!- 7!.1- 7!.&) respectively.
( 1&2 preset is connected at 8
rd
pin of the "#$ to vary the contrast of the "#$. The 1&2
value is better chosen that not to vary the contrast drastically (,f we use 12 or below preset value-
the variation of the contrast is very drastic which ma2e the operation of preset more sensitive).
The 12 resistor is connected in series with 1&2 preset- which will limit the maximum current
flow when the preset wiper is at its minimum position. ( reset circuit made up of resistor and
capacitor which is connected at )
th
pin of the microcontroller and it is named as power on reset.
This reset circuit is used to apply a proper reset pulse after the power supply is settled down-
hardly it ta2es 1&& milliseconds (T# 9 1&uf:1&;). ( cloc2 circuit of 11.&')!.h< with two 88p=
capacitors are connected at the >T("1 and >T("! pins.
BLOCKDIAGRAM:
P!"r s#$$%&
C'tr%%"r
R"s"t s!(tc)
LCD
Cr&sta%
sc(%%atr
R"*#%atr F(%t"r R"ct(+("r ,t"$ -!'
tra's+r."r
HARD/ARE RE01IREMENT,:
1. .icrocontroller
!. 7ower supply
8. "#$ $,S7"(?
,OFT/ARE RE01IREMENT,:
1 ;3," software
! 4,$3 Software
A-2a'ta*"s:
3asily operated
,t is highly reliable
,t consume less power
,t reduce the man power
,t occupies low space
"ow cost
A$$%(cat('s:
,t is used in prototype projects
4eal time applications
4ailway stations
T@1s- computer display1s- mobile phones .etc