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Prepared by Prepared by Prepared by Prepared by: :: :- -- - Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi
adi Ibrahim AldebI Tel Tel Tel Tel : :: :- / / / /

ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE
T TT T- -- - SHADI IBRAHIM AL SHADI IBRAHIM AL SHADI IBRAHIM AL SHADI IBRAHIM AL- -- -DEBI DEBI DEBI DEBI
TEL TEL TEL TEL

j_,l>:$ nl lo _oc
_jlo. l. l.S l.aV gl>
gba _lc ,8l l.a
q8g a go cga _lc ,8l l.a
a;l g. l.a
Sl _ao a >go ;l.
l.;l. ajb la:$ g,go _ao a

Prepared by Prepared by Prepared by Prepared by: :: :- -- - Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Tel Tel Tel Tel : :: :- / / / /

ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LNGUAGE GUIDE
TEL TEL TEL TEL


Revision of tenses Revision of tenses Revision of tenses Revision of tenses
Tense Tense Tense Tense Affirmative rule Affirmative rule Affirmative rule Affirmative rule Negative rule Negative rule Negative rule Negative rule

Simple present Simple present Simple present Simple present

I, you, we, they + B.V
he, she, it + B.V - s / es

I, you, we, they + dont + B.V
he, she, it + doesnt + B.V

Simple past Simple past Simple past Simple past

Subject + Simple past ( V. )

Subject + didnt + Infinitive

Simple future Simple future Simple future Simple future

Subject + Present modal + Infinitive

Subject + present modals + not +
Infinitive

Present Present Present Present
continuous continuous continuous continuous

I am + V-ing
you, we, they is + V-ing
he, she, it are + V- ing

I amnt + V-ing
you, we, they isnt + V-ing
he, she, it arent + V- ing
s

Past Past Past Past

you, we, they were + V-ing
I, he, she, it was + V- ing

you, we, they werent + V-ing
I, he, she, it wasnt + V- ing


Present perfect Present perfect Present perfect Present perfect

I, you, we, they have + ( P.P )
he, she, it has + ( P.P )

I, you, we, they havent + ( P.P )
he, she, it hasnt +( P.P )

Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect

Subject + had + ( P.P )

Subject + hadnt + ( P.P )

Present perfect Present perfect Present perfect Present perfect

I, you, we, they have + been + V-ing
he, she, it has + been + V- ing

I, you, we, they havent + been + V-ing
he, she, it hasnt + been + V-ing

Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect

Subject + had + been + V-ing

Subject + hadnt + been + V-ing

Base verbs Base verbs Base verbs Base verbs : :: :- -- - qalaV _a g8go
We use base verb in these cases We use base verb in these cases We use base verb in these cases We use base verb in these cases: :: :- -- - qalaV _a >.j ) V mj. { ,l. Vl q8

- After ( do ,did ,does ) / ( dont, doesnt, didnt ).
e.g.:- Do you like ice-cream?
Did you go to Aqaba last week?
Does Amal like Iish?

- After modals ( will, would ,shall ,should ,can ,could ,may ,might ,must , have to
,has to , had to, ought to ) clo l8V ; ) ,a.o .;.o {
e.g.:- I will go to Salt next week.
You should visit Maryam at hospital.

- In imperative sentences. oV _o> q8
e.g.:- Ibrahim, stand up!
Come here!
Dont smoke!

- In simple present :- ,; lo _o> q8
,l. :lo > _cla gSj a; : - ( I, you, we, they )

e.g.:- I always go to school walking.

You like ice-cream.

Auxiliaries Auxiliaries Auxiliaries Auxiliaries / / / / Helping verbs Helping verbs Helping verbs Helping verbs clo l8V

- Verb to ( Be ):-
,; lo
,; qlo
Past Participle Past Participle Past Participle Past Participle
l. qlo

am , is , are

was , were

been

-Verb to ( Do ):-
,; lo
,; qlo
l. qlo

do , does

did

done

-Verb to ( Have ):-
,; lo
,; qlo
l. qlo

has , have

had had

-Modals:-

Derivation Derivation Derivation Derivation la.aV
Noun derivation Noun derivation Noun derivation Noun derivation: - aV la.a

There are many suffixes we use to
form nouns, such as:-
Suffix Suffix Suffix Suffix Examples Examples Examples Examples
-ment investment, achievement, encouragement
-tion prevention, admiration, participation
-ssion discussion,
-sion explosion
-ion assassination, completion,
-ation organization,
Present Present Present Present Past Past Past Past
will would
shall should
can could
may might
must had to
have to
has to

-ship Iriendship, relationship,

-ness illness, darkness,
-ence patience, conIidence,
-y discovery, apology
-er driver, employer,
-or actor,
-dom Ireedom, wisdom,
-ing thinking,
-ism tourism, idealism
-hood childhood, neighborhood
-age postage, shortage,
-ee employee,
-ess actress,
-ure pressure
-ity generosity,
-ist biologist, motorist

- Either a subject or an object of a sentence.
; gao _cla lo .
e.g.:- Government encourages industry.
Government encourages industry.
- After the articles ( a ,an ,the ) .
mj. ; .
e.g.:- The popularity oI Raul is surprising.
- After the adjectives.
la ; .
e.g.:- The plane is a surprising invention.

- After possessive pronoun and the possessives ( my ,our ,his ,your ,her ,their , its ),
( Alis , Ahmads)
,Slo l> ,Slo :lo ; .
e.g.:- The government protects our investments.
The principle admired Alis courage.

- After demonstratives ( this , that , these ,those ) .
la$ la ; .
e.g.:- This announcement says that will be a holiday next Sunday.

- After the quantifiers ( few, a few, many, much, some, several, any, one, little, a
little other, another, no, more, most )

,oS o ; .
e.g.:- I took some preparation beIore I started this year.

- After prepositions ( in, on, into, of, about, across, among, at, by, out, over, to)
> > ; .
e.g.:- Keep this idea into consideration.

- Verb derivation Verb derivation Verb derivation Verb derivation :- _a la.a

There are many suffixes we use to form verbs, such as:-
-en strengthen, brighten
-ise generalize, organize, socialize
-iIy qualiIy, terriIy
-ate tolerate, compensate
-ize organize, socialize
-liIy simpliIy, exempliIy

- After ( to ) .
; { to ) jo .
e.g.:- Id like to encourage you.
- After modals ( will, would , shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, have to,
has to, had to, ought to ) .
go l8 ; ,a.o ;.o u:l .
e.g.:- I will invent a car works by water.

- After { do ,did ,does ) .
l8 ; { do ) ,a.o .;.o u:l .
e.g.:- Did your brother succeed in Tawjihi last year?

- In imperative sentences.
oV _o> q8 . ) ,8: a g;.j V lo> j; q8 gSj a .{
e.g.:- Compensate me or you will lose my support.

- After the subject of the sentence.
lo> q8 _cla ; . ) _,; ; gao _cla .{
e.g.:- Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.


- Adjective derivation Adjective derivation Adjective derivation Adjective derivation: - a la.a

There are many suffixes we use to form adjectives, such as:-
-ing interesting, exiting, boring
-ed interested, exited, bored
-ous ambitious, generous, dangerous
-Iul beautiIul
-able remarkable, probable
-ible responsible
-ive active, creative
-ant important, pleasant, tolerant
-ic dynamic, economic
-ish Ioolish, selIish
-less careless, selIish
-al personal, proIessional, rental, international, social
-ent conIident, competent
-ory compulsory
-ary voluntary

- Before nouns. loaV _;8
e.g.:- Ali makes a remarkable research.

- In comparison, equal comparison, unequal comparison and superlative.
. :lao q8 jl.o :lao jl.o ,c :lao _,a.
e.g.:- Cars are more expensive than beIore.
- After the verb ( be ) if it is the main verb.
_a ; {be ) lo> q8 q,: _a >.a .
e.g.:- Ahmad is clever.
Malak is inelegant.
- After certain verbs such as ( seem ,look ,become ,appear ,feel ,grow ,smell ,get
,taste ,sound ,remain , make ). _.o l8V _; ; ....... .

e.g.:- Eyad looks angry.
- After ( so , too ,quite , very , surely ,absolutely ,completely ,extremely )
_.o o o _; ; ......
e.g.:- Amal is completely honest.


Note Note Note Note: :: :- -- - b>Vo
g;.: Vl _; q8 { very ) ql.l @ja. .j b a; : -
- _a lo> q8 q,: _a l { be ) a; g;.: l:l8 .
He is very honest.
- l a l8 > ,c _8 lo> q8 q,: _ { be ) b; g;.: l:l8 .
He drives very quickly.

- Adverb derivation Adverb derivation Adverb derivation Adverb derivation :- b la.a
We usually form the adverb by adding ly to the adjective, such as:-
-ly Iinancially, Iinally, extremely, Iortunately

- At the beginning of the sentence and before a comma.
gaj a ll8 _;8 lo> j; q8 .
e.g.:- Finally, you have graduated Irom university.

- Between the subject and the verb. . a gaj _a _cla _,;
e.g.:- Murad accidentally told me what happened yesterday.

- Between the auxiliary ( helping verbs ) and the main verb.
a gaj a _,; q,: _a clo _ .
e.g.:- Same was seriously injured.

- At the end of the sentence. lo> jl: q8 a gaj .
e.g.:- Amal speaks English Iluently.

- Before adjectives. .la _;8

e.g.:- Baker was not socially wise to do that.

Some adjectives Iorms have the same adverbs Iorms such as ( hard, fast, late, near,
high ).
e.g.:- We study hard.


- lc q:j .o _o l,.>V ajb; ggo _lc q:j lo lc

q:l. J Cl. a .
Quest Quest Quest Question Number Two ion Number Two ion Number Two ion Number Two: : : : - -- - C C C C / / / /
Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the
following sentences and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET following sentences and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET following sentences and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET following sentences and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET. .. .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise : :: :- -- -

a- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- To .. this point , it's important to put things in order .
(significant ,signify, significantly)
- We must deal with pollution ..
- It is ... that post secondary education is desirable in The Jordanian
society .

b- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- I am trying to ............... my money.
(unsafe, save, safely)

- It might be ... to open a can with a kniIe.
(unsafe, save, safely)
- Ali isn't driving very Iast, he is a . driver.
(save, safe, safely)

c- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- Out oI ., he opened the door.
(curious, curiosity, curiously)
- Dont be so . .
(curious, curiosity, curiously)

d- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- Oh! Look at that area, is it an ...... area.
(isolate, isolated, isolation)

- We need to . all the inIected animals.

(isolate, isolated, isolation)

e- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
-My grandIather is very Ior his age.
(active, act, action)
-A slight movement can the car alarm.
(active, action, activate)
- There is no time to lose- you must ... now.
(active, act, action)

f- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- Their trip to Yemen sounded really ... .
(excite, excitement, exciting)
- Ahmad couldnt sleep aIter all the . oI the day.

g- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- One problem oI young people today is their lack oI .. .
(ambition, ambitious, ambitiously)
- Im not particularly ... .
(ambition, ambitious, ambitiously)

h- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- Muna spoke .. about the death oI her Iather.
(sad, sadly, sadness)
- I was .... to about the death oI your Iather.
(sad, sadly, sadness)

i- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- I dont , you are wrong.
(agree, agreeable, agreement)
- Telecommunication company signed the . to build a charitable school.
(agree, agreeable, agreement)


j- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- The tricks oI the .. amused us.
(magician, magical, magically)
- The characters in Iolk stories have ... power.
- The children discover what they have thought ...was science.
(magically, magical, magic)

k- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- Lena works Ior a voluntary . which helps homeless people.
(organization, organized, organize)
- My department is badly .
(organization, organized, organize)
- The .. oI the concert said that it had been a great success.
(organization, organized, organizing)

l- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- Messi is a very .....player.
(competitive, compete, competition)
- They are holding a .....to Iind the best name Ior the new magazine.
(competitive, compete, competition)

m- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- The lake was so .. that we can see the bottom oI it.
(clarify, clear, clearly)
- I hope that what I say will .... the situation.
- It was so Ioggy that we couldnt see the road . .

n- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentences.
- In the
st
century many people may use new sources oI .. .
(energetic, energetically, energy)
- The workers oI the Iactory were so .. in doing their job.

(energetic, energetically, energy)

Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following sentences.
- When a Bill is passed by the Parliament and singed by the Sovereign, it becomes a
... .
( legal, law, legalize )
- The man was in the state oI ... when the burglars had leIt.
( chaos, chaotic, chaotically )
- We should protect children Irom ... acts.
( violence, violently, violent )
- A person is . until they prove that he / she is guilty.
( innocence, innocent, innocently )
- The crowds respond .. on what the prime minister speech.
( violence, violent, violently )
- Storms cause the .. oI most oI the crops.
( destruct, destruction, destructive )
- Unemployment is Ialling as more people Iind ... work.
( permanent, permanence, permanently )

Key words Key words Key words Key words, , , , page page page page , , , , SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

Word Word Word Word meaning meaning meaning meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning
court place where law- cases are held. oSo
jury a group oI people in court who decide whether
someone is guilty.
o ., _,al
ruler a person who rules or governs. l>

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page , , , , SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

Word Word Word Word Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning
enforce to put something into practice./ carry out.
gal; a.j
govern to control.
Sj
guilty responsible Ior a crime.
u:o
innocent not responsible Ior a crime.
;
jury a group oI people in court who decide whether
someone is guilty.
_,alo .,
legal relating to the law.
q:g:l8
principle rule / belieI.
;o J gao
property something valuable which belongs to someone.
,Slo
prove to show that something is true.
u;.j J _;j


Words with more than one meaning Words with more than one meaning Words with more than one meaning Words with more than one meaning: : : : - -- - _.o _o . l lol

_.o _o . l lolS o l, u> lo> q8 ll.o j: gSj
lo> q8 lgo .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page , ,, ,SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

word word word word meaning meaning meaning meaning
Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning
society - club or organization Ior people with the same
interest.
- all the people living in a country.
,o> .

go.>o
ruler - someone in charge oI a country, such as a king.
- straight piece oI wood or plastic to help you draw
straight lines.
l> .

bo .
property - something that belongs to someone.
- land and buildings.
,Slo .

q lac .
court - area where people play games like tennis and
squash.
- place where trails take place.
ulo .
oSo .

fine - very good.
- money people pay as a punishment Ior doing
something illegal.
,> .
,lo oc .
type - write using a machine.
- kind/ sort.
g;bj .
g: J m. .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

Words with two meanings Words with two meanings Words with two meanings Words with two meanings: :: :- -- -
mean -unworthy, not generous.
-to signiIy.
-the average oI several quantities.
- _,>; .
- j q.j aj .
- jc l,o ag.o .
note - short record made to help memory.
- a noise made by musical instrument.
- a piece oI paper money.
- b>Vo .
- ,a,ago :g: .
- ,8 loc .
case - example oI occurrence oI something.
- the subject oI police investigation.
- box, bag, covering, container.
- lo l> _lc l.o ..
- ,8
- . ;,a> jl> .
spring - jumping up / a rapid movement.
- a place where water comes Irom the
ground.
- season.
. _lcV _aa .
. > .
. g,; _8 .
row - number oI person or things in a line.
- propel a boat with oars.
. l. _o m
l,aV .
. >.al; >j
mjl>o .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page , , , , AB AB AB AB
Use one of the words ( case, court, fine, mean ) twice in each of these sentences.

a. The judge in charge oI the . carried all his documents in a black
leather.. .
b. The ... heard that the crime had taken place on a tennis ... .
c. The ... weather made me Ieel happy, but my mood changed when the
police oIIicer gave me a . Ior driving too Iast.
d. A- What does this word ....?
B- is the opposite oI generous.

Question Number Two Question Number Two Question Number Two Question Number Two: :: :- -- - A A A A : :: :- -- -
Choose the suitable item from those given I the box to complete each of the
following sentences.

court, crimes, fraud, virus, fake, confidential

. The investigators will discover more eIIective ways to solve .
. All workers should be honest and they shouldn't pass any .... inIormation.
. .. is a bad programme which damages computers.
. The children are playing tennis in the ..
. You should be careIul not to support ... charity organization.

Study the following pair of sentences, and answer the question that follows.
. The police oIIicer is in charged oI this case.
. Yesterday I bought black leather case.
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means subject of police
investigation?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .

. Ahmad spent all the aIternoon in training how to type this document.
. Which type oI tiles do you preIer?
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means write using a
machine.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
. I dont believe him; yesterday I gave him a note oI IiIty dinar.
. I wrote a note about what we need to buy Irom the market.
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means short record.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .

. I told Nadia that Asma is fine and in a good health.
. I paid a fine Ior crossing the red light.
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means money paid as
punishment for doing something illegal.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .

. When I was a student, I was a member oI the Law Society.
. A strong legal system is important in a modern society.
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means all people living in a
country.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Tutankamun was very Iamous Egyptian ruler.
- I'm doing my maths homework- can I borrow your ruler, please?
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means someone who is in
charge of a country.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Taking another person's property is theIt?
- The price oI property in the city has increased dramatically this year.
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means something that
belongs to someone.

- In the Iinal oI the championship, the players were on the court Ior two hours.
- Three men will appear in court tomorrow accused oI dangerous driving.
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means area where people
play games.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- He did a fine job oI washing my car.
- He had to pay a fine because he was driving without insurance.
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means very good.

- Secretaries used to spend most oI their time typing letters and reports.
- What type oI music do you like best?
Write down the sentence in which the underlined word means type / sort.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Complete these sentences with adjectives derived from the nouns in brackets.

a- Many people believe that the worst crimes are murder and other ....
acts. (violence)
b- There would be a ..... situation in society iI there were no
...... systems. (chaos / law)
c- He leIt court a Iree man because he had proved that he was .. .The
jury said he was . . ( innocence / not guilt)

noun noun noun noun verb verb verb verb adjective adjective adjective adjective adverb adverb adverb adverb
violence violate violent violently
chaos --------- chaotic chaotically
law legalize legal legally
innocence --------- innocent innocently


Linking th Linking th Linking th Linking the past with the present e past with the present e past with the present e past with the present ( (( (the present perfect the present perfect the present perfect the present perfect) )) )

Present perfect simple and continuous:- o.o ,; l. lo
We use verbs in the present perIect simple and continuous Iorms,
- to link actions or events which started in the past with the present:
qS ql u8gl; qlo q8 .; q. >V ;: .
They have broken the law- they should be punished.
( The law was broken in the past- we are talking about a Iuture punishment now. )
He's been studying law Ior three years.
( He started studying three years ago and still studying now. )

- with for and since to reIer to periods oI time:
o go since J for ,.o_ .a _c ,;.l .
I've lived here for three years / since .
They've been studying at university for Iive years / since .

Present p Present p Present p Present perfect simple erfect simple erfect simple erfect simple: :: :- -- - l. lo

We use the present perfect simple to talk about:-
- the Iact that something happened in the past:
qlo u8g q8 _> lo qa a,a> _c ,;.l .
I've swum in the Dead Sea.

- a past experience or achievement with a deIinite result in the present:
l u8g q8 o >,.: l>: a;la ;> _c ,;.l .
I've broken my leg- which means I can't go skiing this year.

The present perfect tense is used for :- ,l. Vl q8 l. lo >.:
An action that happened at an unstated time in the past. The emphasis is on the
result; especially when we give a number or a quantity, when it occurred is
unimportant or unknown.
qlo q8 o ,c u8 q8 _> > lg> >,.. _lc gSj l. _,.
,oS; ; g;.: lo.c _.o o ,c o l. gSj _> .
e.g.:- Omar has visited England twice.
I have washed the dishes.
An action which started in the past and continues up to the present , especially with
sativa verbs such as be , have ,like , know, possess, own, stop, love . .
l u8g _.> o.a qlo q8 .; > l m: q. l8V go lg>
_o . ) jo.aV n,l; q:: V q. l8V . {

e.g.:- Samer has known me Ior Iive years.

Note Note Note Note:- b>Vo
q o.o q:: V q. l8V : -
( see, love, stop, hate, hear, seem, want, fail, feel, know, need, realize, lack )

A recently completed action.
l.j> _.: > ) >o {
e.g.:- I have just finished my essay.

To talk about achievements :- l>:$ _c .l

e.g.:- Amal have won two medals so Iar.

Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners : :: :- -- - o
Already ,yet ,just ,ever, never , so Iar ,lately ,recently ,at last ,up to now, up to this
moment , this time ( this month, this week, this year ) , since , Ior.

Rule :- --'--
I ,you ,we ,they have + past participle ( p.p / V.)
He , she ,it has ~-'- ~-,~- J-

Forming Negative :- ---
I ,you ,we ,they have + not + past participle ( p.p / V.)
He , she , it has ~-'- ~-,~- J-

- We already our dinner. ( have )
- Ahmad ... just ... ( arrive )
- Ahmads Iamily ... in Salt since . ( live )
- Ali ... Football Ior two hours. ( play )
- I ... already to Fadi. ( speak )
- .... you already .. cooking? ( finish )
- Mohammad .the work yet. ( not .finish )
- ... Ali .. the bill yet? ( pay )
- Fatima just. Hamlet. ( read )
-He ... three miles so Iar . ( run )


Non Non Non Non- -- -progressive verbs are progressive verbs are progressive verbs are progressive verbs are : :: :- -- - o.o q:: V q. l8V

Think Understand Seem Need
Look Own Stop Have
Know Cost Contain Consist of
Feel Hate Love Hear
Realize See Fail Want
Win Be

Present perfect continuous Present perfect continuous Present perfect continuous Present perfect continuous: :: :- -- - o.o l. lo

We use the present perfect continuous:-
- to talk about an activity which continues over a length oI time:
.,o ,.o .a o.a > _c ,;.l .
I've been reading a book about the history oI law-making.

- to stress the length oI time an activity has taken:
.l l8n.a q. ,.o_ .a _lc , .
She's been training to be a doctor Ior six years.
- to talk about an activity which may not be completed:
; q..j lo; > la: _c .l .
Nawal has been writing her economics essay all morning.
( She probably hasn't Iinished writing it yet. )

- to talk about an activity which is repeated over a period oI time:
.,o ,.o .8 V> S.o lbla. _c .l .
The police have been interviewing people all week.

Present Perfect Continuous: - o.o l. lo

We use the present perIect continuous Ior:-
To put emphasis ( stress ) on the duration ( length ) oI an action which started in the
past and continuous up to the present .
n.a q. ,.o_ .a _lc . o.o l. lo >.: l8 C,>
l u8g _.> o.a qlo q8 .; : .

e.g.:- We have been working on this project all morning.
For an action started in the past and lasted Ior some time. It may still continuing, or
have Iinished but leIt a result still visible in the present.
u8g _; o.a qlo q8 .; > mg o>.: o.o lo lo;
ql u8g q8 l.b>Vo _Soj >,.: : _S _.: ) lb u lo l:I
l,l . {
.
e.g.:- Zeinah is tired because she has been working very hard lately.

Determiners :- o
Since , Ior , all time ( all week ) ,How long.?, Ior time now ( Ior three hours
now ), over the last time ( over the last month ) .

Rule :- cla

I ,you ,we ,they have + been + verb ing
He , she ,it has + been + verb-ing

e.g.:- How long have you been waiting here? ( be, wait )

Forming Negative :- ---
I ,you ,we ,they havent + been + verb-ing
He , she ,it hasnt + been + verb-ing

e.g.:- I havent been waiting here Ior two hours. ( not, be wait )

- How long . you . English? ( be, study )
- Ali ... Ior two hours. ( be, run )
- Lana .... on her project since last month. (be, work )

The usage of since The usage of since The usage of since The usage of since / / / / for for for for: :: :- -- -

We use for and since to say how long something has been happening:-
>.: { for J since ) l,8 _> q. ,.o_ o l,; .
For :-
we use for + a period of time ( two hours, six weeks )
>.: { for ) ,.o_ .a go .
e.g.:- I have been studying English for three years.
I have been waiting here for two hours.
We use for with :- ( two hours, minutes, five days, a long time, six months,
years, a week, a year, a month, ages, years )

Since :-
We use since + the start of a period.
i>... { since ) ,.oI .sI ,i. o .
e.g.:- I have been studying English since .
I have been waiting here since o'clock.
We use since with :- ( o'clock, Monday, February, April, , lunchtime,
dinnertime, we arrived, I got up )

Use for or since in these sentences:-
- It's been raining lunchtime.
- The weather is dry. It hasn't rained .. a Iew weeks.
- I haven't been to a party ... ages.
- Sara is a way. She's been away . Friday.
- Emad has lived in Salt ... years.
- Ibrahim has been looking Ior a job he graduate Irom university.
- I wonder where Khaled is. I haven't seen him . last week.

Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past: : : : - -- - ,; qlo

Simple past expresses an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in
the past.
l:> mj ,; qlo qlo q8 o u8 q8 _.: _> .

Determiners : - o
Yesterday , last time ( last day ) , time ago , in the past , once upon a time ,
beIore time ( beIore three years ), in /on past time ( on February ), once .

Rule :- cla

I ,you ,we, they verb past ( V. )
He , she , it lo _8 ) q:l: mj: {

e.g. :- I walked to school yesterday . ( walk )
Ali bought a new car two days ago . ( buy )
Asma saw SaIa last night . ( see )

Forming Negative :- qa.

I ,you ,we, they did not ( didnt ) + base verb
He ,she ,it qala _8

e.g. :- I didnt walk to school yesterday . ( not .walk )
I didnt see Ali last night . (not . see )

. We ... Iootball in the stadium last week. ( play )
. Ali . under the tree yesterday. ( stand )
. Ahmad the thunder during the storm last night. ( hear )
. Asma ....a burning Iood Iive minutes ago. ( smell )
. Ahmad and Ali .. a bike many years ago. ( have )
. I once .... the Minster. ( meet )
. Dena .. to England in . ( travel )


The differences between present perfect and simple past The differences between present perfect and simple past The differences between present perfect and simple past The differences between present perfect and simple past
,; qlo l. lo _,; a

Present perfect Present perfect Present perfect Present perfect Simple past Simple past Simple past Simple past
It is used Ior recent actions when the time is
not mentioned.
lo.c >o u8 q. >V go >.j
u8g j V .
e.g.:- I have read the instructions.

It is used Ior past actions when the time is
mentioned.
qlo q8 ,..o >V go >.j
u8g j lo.c .
e.g.:- I read the instructions yesterday.
Present perIect actions have a result or an
achievement that can still be seen up to this
time.
j l>: >,.: gSj l. lo _So
u8g _.> .b>Vo .
e.g.:- Ahmad has painted his house.

Simple past actions haven't a result that can
be seen now.
_Soj agolo :l.: _, ,; qlo
ql u8g q8 l.b>Vo .

e.g.:- Ahmad painted the house.

Underline the present perfect simple and continuous verbs in these sentences.
a- Every country has developed its own code oI law over hundreds or thousands oI
years.
b- They have broken the law they should be punished.
c- I've been reading a book about the history oI law - making.
d- Anyone who has committed a crime will have a criminal record.
e- Students who have been cheating will be punished severely.
f- He's been studying law Ior three years.

What is the difference in meaning between the underlined verbs in these pairs
of sentences?
a- Ali has studied law and history this year.
Hani has been studying law and history Ior Iour years.
b- Nada has written two essays this morning.
Nour has been writing an essay all morning.
c- The police sergeant has interviewed two people so Iar today.
The detectives have been interviewing people all week.

Study the following pair of sentences, and answer the questions below. Write
the answer in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
a- Nada has written an essay this morning.
b- Nada has been writing an essay all morning.

Which sentence indicates that Nada didnt finish writing an essay?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

c- Nada has studied law and history this year.
d- Nada has been studying law and history Ior Iour years.

Which sentence indicates that Nada completed studying law and history?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

e- The police sergeant has interviewed two people so Iar today.
f- The detectives have been interviewing people all week.

Which sentence indicates a prolonged activity?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Note Note Note Note :- b>Vo

The sentences with the present perfect verbs show that the action is finished in the
past but they have a result now.
The sentences with the present perfect continuous verb show that the action is not
finished till this time.
l,8 gSj q. _o> l:I _: V >o _.: _lc : l: lo _a
V _.> o:l8 .
q..j lo; _a _lc : o.o l: lo l,8 _a gSj q. _o> .

Choose the correct verb form to complete these conversations. You may choose
both.

a- A What have you done / been doing since I last saw you?
B I've passed / been passing my driving test and I've had / been having interviews
Ior a university place.
b- A Have you ever learnt to play / been learning to play a musical instrument?
B Yes, I've started / been starting learning the mizmar, but I've only played / been
playing Ior a Iew weeks.
c- A Have you had / been having a holiday yet this year?
B Yes, we've just come back / been coming back Irom Aqaba.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , pa pa pa page ge ge ge , , , , AB AB AB AB
Choose the correct form of these sentences. ( Sometimes both forms may be
possible ).

SoIia arrived / has arrived in England Irom Poland seven years ago. Since then she
worked / has worked as a primary school teacher. She went / has gone back to Poland
several times to see her Iamily, but she never wanted / has never wanted to stay there.
Two years ago she got married / has got married to another teacher at her school, and the
couples recently had / have recently had a baby. When SoIia first arrived / has first
arrived in Britain, she didn't imagine / hasn't imagined she would settle here. For the Iirst
year she suffered / has suffered Irom culture shock and wanted / has wanted to go home,
but she quickly learned / has quickly learned the language and made / has made new
Iriends. In the seven years SoIia has been in England, she became / has become so used to
the way oI liIe that she really Ieels at home there.


Complete these conversations using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Choose the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. ( sometimes both
forms are possible. )
a A You look very pale. are you Ieeling all right?
B I'm really tired. I .. ( not sleep) very well recently.
A Do you mean you . ( wake up) very early?
B No, I ( not sleep) at all Ior three nights.

b A . ( you speak) to Ibrahim recently?
B No, I . ( not see) him Ior over a week.
A Perhaps he ... ( spend ) all his time with his Iamily.

c A I ...( think ) about taking up tennis.
B So have I. .. ( you play ) it beIore?
A No, but I . ( watch ) a lot oI tennis on TV this summer.

Write two the different answers to each of these questions.
a- What have you done so Iar this week?
I've played tennis three times. / I've .
b- What are some oI the things you've been doing Ior a length oI time?
I've been playing the piano. / I've been ..
c- How long have you been doing these things?
I've been playing the piano since I was / Ior years. / I've been ..
d- What have your Iriends or members oI your Iamily been doing recently?
Eman has been revising Ior her science exam. / Tareq has been .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .TB TB TB TB: :: :- -- -
Choose the correct form, past simple or present perfect simple, of the verbs in this
article.
Throughout history people () moved / have moved Irom one country to another. Some oI
these migrants () chose / have chosen to emigrate, while others () had / have had to
move because oI wars or natural disasters or Ior economic reasons. Here are some Iacts
and Iigures.

During the period , the number oI migrants in the world () rose / has risen
Irom million to million.
In recent years migration into the USA and Russia () increased / has increased sharply,
while in many other parts oI the world numbers () fell / have fallen.
In Australia, since over six million people () arrived / have arrived to settle. In
each -year period Irom to , over a million migrants () entered / have
entered the country.

Past Exams Past Exams Past Exams Past Exams : :: :- -- - a;l g. l.a

Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets: :: :- -- -
- You look a bit tired. What .. you .. ? ( be, do )
- I .. .. my Iriend since the last meeting. (not, see )
- How long . you ... Hotel Management? ( be, learn )
- Nour .. an essay all morning. ( be, write )
- Asma .... the piano since she was thirteen. ( be, play )
- Hatems Iather .. last year. He had worked Ior the same company all his liIe.
( retire )
- Laila has been ... this novel Ior three weeks.
( read, reading, reads )


Study the following pair of sentences and answer the question below:
a- Fatima has read a book about the ancient history so Iar.
b- Fatima has been reading a book about the ancient history Ior some time.
Which sentence indicates that Fatima has finished reading a book about the
ancient history?
.

Study the following pair of sentences and answer the question below:
a- Theyve repaired my car.
b- Theyve been repairing my car Ior ten days.
Which sentence indicates that the speaker is complaining about his / her
garage?
.

Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets. .. .
- I .... already .. into a new apartment. ( move )
- you ever . to Italy? ( go )
- She .. already . that movie. ( see )
- I .. never . snow. ( see )
- They . there since : am. ( be )
- I .. this same pair oI shoes Ior three years. ( have )
- I . Ali Ior many years. ( know )
- They many people since I came back. ( meet )
- I . an airplane Ior many times up to now. ( fly )
- Asma and her Iamily any parties since they moved here. ( not, attend )
- So Iar this month, we .... ten tests. ( have )
- Up to now, Dr Malak our class three tests. ( give )
- Zienah . here since last year. ( be )
- How many tests you .. this month ? ( take )

- I .... here since : am. ( be , sit )
- She Ior Iive hours. ( be, study )
- Why you didnt take a break? You . Ior six hours. ( be, work )
- Lately, I on the Iloor because my back hurts. ( be, sleep )
- She .. at the same clinic Ior two years. ( be, work )

- Last night my roommate and I .. a nice time by shopping together. ( have )
- Technological equipments greatly in the
th
century. ( advance )
- In the past, libraries .. simply collections oI Iew books. ( be )
- Ali ... to a party at Ahmads apartment last Monday. ( go )
- Last February I ... snow Ior the Iirst time in my liIe. ( see )


An area oI the law that is changing very quickly in the modern world is the law related to
computer crime. Increasingly, criminals are using computers to help them ( ) commit
new crimes like identity theIt, and to make it ( ) easier to commit old crimes like theIt or
Iraud. Technological criminals may get into computer systems to Iind out conIidential
inIormation and use this ( ) to make money.
g:la Vl>o > q. : Cj l q8 c; ,n. g :>; @l.o g:la
gal . :> lS: q8 :clo u,ag go>.j go>o j_.o _Sa;
,>a l:l,; 8a _.o j> l,.>V 8l oja :> lS: _,.
>o lo>.a j loglo 8o gal ob: _ gl>j 8 l,>gg.S. go
lo q.> .

UnIortunately, computer crimes are oIten more diIIicult to solve than traditional crimes
because the criminals are invisible and their ( ) actions may be hard to prove. It ( ) can
also be diIIicult to prosecute a computer criminal successIully because usually nothing is
actually stolen or physically damaged. HopeIully, in Iuture, computer experts will discover
more eIIective ways oI detecting such crimes.
g b V j,la. :> _o ll> q8 ;g . gS: lo l;lc gal :>
l:l;: u _o gSj l8 _,,:o ,c _,o>o . u _o gSj lj _Soj
lo ; @ l,l8 a qa >gj V :V >l: _Sa; gal >o llao
golo . a.o _oo _o ua: q8 ,l8 . l8b gaa.S,a gal ;> V;
:> o _.o .

A particular Iactor in the growth oI computer crime has been the increase in the number oI
ordinary people who use Internet websites to buy things, to book holidays or to access
their ( ) bank accounts in order to transIer money or pay bills. This new type oI business
has attracted techno-criminals who may order goods and services without paying, or break
into the computer systems oI businesses or Iinancial organisations and either move money
to their ( ) own account or send viruses which can seriously damage computers and the
inIormation they ( ) contain. These viruses can aIIect millions oI people worldwide.

_,jl l. c lj q8 l gal oj> go: q8 l; :o _og >

l,aV a u:.:V g8go go>.j _j _ g>l Vb la _>
,:ga g8 lo _jg. ,S.; :l;l> . qo>o > _o _o j> g.
gg.S. ob: g8.>j g8j lo> g:l; a g;lbj 8 _j l,>
glaj l> :l;l> _ lo gla.j lj ,lo la locV gal
ljg.: q. loglo ,b> _Sa; u,ag ,o: l.Soj la,8 . la,a o
jVo _lc :: _Soj l l: _ q8 a; _, .

Computers with Internet connections can also be used more saIely by criminals than Iace-
to-Iace meetings or telephone conversations to pass on conIidential inIormation or to plan
crimes. In addition to this ( ), computers allow criminals access to millions oI people
worldwide whom ( ) they ( ) may persuade to pay Ior something worthless or to
support a Iake charity organisation.
_o . _o _Sa; _,o>o _;8 _o lj >.: _Soj u:.:Vl; l.o u,ag
V;lao :>l ,b>.l ja loglo jo. O ,a:l lolSo ,>a .
_ 8l$l; 8 _j l ;c l. _,jVo _ gg _,o>ol o: u,ag
,o j,> ob.o c o,8 V qa _;lao g8l; g.aj .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page , ,, ,AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

confidential secret / private. a
fake not real. mj_o
fraud the crime oI lying or cheating to get money. l,.>
identity theft the crime oI stealing someone's personal
details.
loglo 8a
,>a
solve a crime to discover who commits a crime. uS:o j
oj>
transfer to move Irom one place to another. _a.j
virus a bad program which damages computers. ,8 :g,;o

Questions Questions Questions Questions: :: :- -- -
- According to the Iirst paragraph, what is the area oI the law that changes quickly?
- The writer mentioned that there is an area oI the law changes quickly, mention it.
- According to the Iirst paragraph, what are criminals using to help them in
committing new crimes?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, why are criminals using computers?
- What is the example oI new crimes that criminals commit by using computers?
- The writer mentioned more than one example oI old crimes, mention two oI them.

- The writer mentioned more than one reason that led criminals to use computers,
mention them
- According to the text, how do technological criminals make money?
- According to the second paragraph. Why computer crimes are more diIIicult to
solve the traditional crimes?
- According to the second paragraph. Why is it diIIicult to persecute computer
criminals successIully?
- According to the third paragraph. The writer mentioned the reason Ior growth oI
computer crime, what was it?
- According to the third paragraph. Why do ordinary people use internet website Ior?
- According to the third paragraph. Why has the new type oI business attracted
techno- criminals?
- According to the last paragraph, the writer mentioned that computers with Internet
connections can be useIul to the criminals. Is he justiIied in this? JustiIy your answer?
- The writer said that the modern world brought new crimes. Is he justiIied? JustiIy
your answer.
- How do you think internet criminals should be punished?
- What do you think motivates internet criminals?
- How do criminals use the Internet to communicate with each other?
- What examples oI old and new crimes does the writer give?
- What does the underlined pronouns reIer to:
- " them " line reIers to .
- " it " line reIers to .. .
- " this " line reIers to .
- " their " line reIers to . .
- " it " line reIers to .. .
- " their " line reIers to .. .
- " their " line reIers to ... .
- " they " line reIers to .
- " this " line reIers to .. .
- " whom " line reIers to .
- " they " line reIers to .

Critical thinking Critical thinking Critical thinking Critical thinking: :: :- -- -
Reducing computer crimes is very important in these days.
In two sentences describe your role in reducing computer crimes.

Using Internet with out enough knowledge could be dangerous.
In tow sentences explain this statement.

Exerc Exerc Exerc Exercise ise ise ise , , , , page page page page , ,, ,SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -
Discuss these questions :-
a- What is the main purpose of sending people to prison: to punish them or to
protect society?
In my opinion, I think the main purpose is to protect the society at Iirst, then to
punish them.
b- Do you agree that without laws ' there would be chaos '? How do you think
people would behave if there were no laws?
I totally agree that people will behave in a chaos manner iI there were no rules to
control their actions.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page , ,, ,AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
Read the article again and match each beginning a-e with one of the endings -.
There is one more ending than you need.
a- Computer criminals are invisible.
b- The Iact that actual things are not stolen by computer criminals
c- One oI the reasons why computer crime is on the increase is that
d- Many people all over the world can be aIIected
e- For criminals who want to plan a crime, Iace to- Iace meetings are

- iI viruses are leIt on computers.
- makes it more diIIicult Ior the police to prosecute them successIully.
- more people are using the internet to buy goods and services.
- not as secure as communicating on the internet.
- saIer than telephone conversation.
- Which makes it more diIIicult Ior the police to solve computer crimes.


Essay always contains of t Essay always contains of t Essay always contains of t Essay always contains of these four parts hese four parts hese four parts hese four parts, , , , they are they are they are they are: :: :
- Background to the topic. ..c ... iI oI _c ,sI>
- Arguments Ior. . IlsoI oI i.l.o l f l..I
- Arguments against. IlsoI o i l f l.,.I .
- Your opinion. ._>.I :,

Usef Usef Usef Useful language ul language ul language ul language: :: :- -- - ,ao ,;l:
Expression Expression Expression Expression Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning
saying what you intend to write about saying what you intend to write about saying what you intend to write about saying what you intend to write about ggol; j; ,a,
in this essay I intend to look at / consider /
discuss some oI the arguments Ior and against
_a. _Ic I LI. i, lsoI i _
V i IoI _.I l ...
First oI all, I will look at / consider / discuss the
arguments in Iavour oI / against
V i _.I o _.I lV _l. i,
...

Presenting arguments Presenting arguments Presenting arguments Presenting arguments
lS8V ja:
The main point /argument Ior / against sI ,ci. _.I ,.,.I ...
Another point / argument >

Expressing opinions Expressing opinions Expressing opinions Expressing opinions
V _c ,;.
in my opinion/ view, _>.I _, .. ...
( in Iact ) it's my view that _>.I _, .. s,s ...
I believe / think that
. is.c l. ...

Ex Ex Ex Exercise ercise ercise ercise : :: :- -- -
Study the following pair of sentences and answer the question below.
A. I will never forget my visit to Petra last year.
B. Really, I think it is a beautiful city.
Which sentence indicates a point of view?


A. Personally, I think that students should make use of every chance they have to
speak English.
B. Im afraid you are wrong; you have to reconsider the whole issue.
Which sentence indicates opinion?

Answer Answer Answer Answer : :: :- -- -
A. Personally, I think that students should make use of every
chance they have to speak English.

A. I think that people shouldnt waste their time doing nothing.
B. I agree, youre right, my friend spends hours doing nothing.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page , , , , AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
Read this student's essay and put the four paragraphs in the correct order.
a- Today, more and more people in Jordan are using computers Ior activities at home, at
school or at work. Such is the demand that the national government launched a scheme
to allow Jordanians to purchase them more easily. Many people are using computers Ior
all sots oI things- writing letters, searching the Internet or just playing games. It is a
great thing that Jordan has embraced modern technology so successIully, but in this
essay I am going to consider two disadvantages oI computers.
b- In my opinion, the main disadvantage is that people may spend so much time on their
computers that they see less oI their Iriends and Iamily. Children who spend too long
playing computer games may become unsociable and Iorget how to communicate
normally with other people.
c- Another result oI people spending too much time at their computers is that their health
suIIers. Sitting Ior long periods oI time can hurt your eyes, cause headaches, or damage
your hands and arms. In some cases his means that people cannot do their jobs
properly.
d- There is no doubt that computers are here to stay. Some jobs and many leisure activities
would be impossible without them, but we should be aware oI the possible dangers oI
spending too much time on their computers.

Write an essay in ans Write an essay in ans Write an essay in ans Write an essay in answer to this question wer to this question wer to this question wer to this question: :: :
Do you think companies should allow their employees to use work
computers for their own purposes? Your reply should be words.

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The end of unit one The end of unit one The end of unit one The end of unit one
Irregular verb list Irregular verb list Irregular verb list Irregular verb list

V VV V
Base Form Base Form Base Form Base Form
V VV V
Past Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past Simple
V VV V
Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic
meaning meaning meaning meaning
awake awoke awoken ba,.j
be was, were been gSj
beat beat beaten _j
become became become ;j
begin began begun ;j
bend bent bent q..j
bite bit bitten _j
blow blew blown mj J a.j
break broke broken Sj
bring brought brought .aj
broadcast broadcast broadcast gjj
build built built q.;j
burn burnedJburnt burnedJburnt j
buy bought bought .aj
catch caught caught Ooj
choose chose chosen l.>j
come came come q:j
cost cost cost mlSj
cut cut cut gbaj
dig dug dug aj
do did done _oj
draw drew drawn aj
dream dreamedJdreamt dreamedJdreamt lj

drive drove driven gaj

drink drank drunk aj
eat ate eaten _j
fall fell fallen aj
feel felt felt aj
fight fought fought _:laj
find found found >j
fly flew flown ,bj
forget forgot forgotten _.j
forgive forgave forgiven olj
freeze froze frozen o>.j
get got gotten _j
give gave given qbj
go went gone uj
grow grew grown go.j
hang hung hung @.aj
have had had Oloj
hear heard heard goj
hide hid hidden qa>j
hit hit hit j
hold held held Ooj
hurt hurt hurt j
keep kept kept b8lj
know knew known j
lay laid laid qal.j

lead led led gaj

learn learnedJlearnt learnedJlearnt l.j
leave left left .j
lend lent lent ,j
let let let oj
lie lay lain Sj
lose lost lost aaj
make made made g.j
mean meant meant q.;
meet met met laj _;
pay paid paid g8j
put put put gj
read read read aj
ride rode ridden gaj
ring rang rung _.j
rise rose risen g8j
run ran run _j
say said said gaj
see saw seen j
sell sold sold g,;j
send sent sent _aj
show showed showedJshown bj
shut shut shut @lnj
sing sang sung q.nj
sit sat sat _l>j

sleep slept slept l.j

speak spoke spoken .j
spend spent spent qaj
stand stood stood maj
swim swam swum ;j
take took taken >j
teach taught taught l.j
tear tore torn _oj
tell told told ;>j
think thought thought Saj
throw threw thrown qoj
understand understood understood aj
wake woke woken ba,.j
wear wore worn _;lj
win won won gaj
write wrote written u.Sj


GENERAL SECONARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
GENERAL ENGLISH FIRST EXAM LEVEL
DATE:- TIME:-
lb>Vo : - ) { 8g o l.a g,o> _c u> .
) { ,ojlV a g,o> _,oa.ol .
SECTION ONE: READING
PART ONE: READING COMPREHENTION.
A. Read the following text carefully, and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET
answers all the questions that follow. Your answer should be based on the text.

An area oI the law that is changing very quickly in the modern world is the law related to
computer crime. Increasingly, criminals are using computers to help them commit new
crimes like identity theIt, and to make it easier to commit old crimes like theIt or Iraud.
Technological criminals may get into computer systems to Iind out conIidential
inIormation and use this to make money. UnIortunately, computer crimes are oIten more
diIIicult to solve than traditional crimes because the criminals are invisible and their
actions may be hard to prove. It can also be diIIicult to prosecute a computer criminal
successIully because usually nothing is actually stolen or physically damaged. HopeIully,
in Iuture, computer experts will discover more eIIective ways oI detecting such crimes.
A particular Iactor in the growth oI computer crime has been the increase in the number oI
ordinary people who use Internet websites to buy things, to book holidays or to access their
bank accounts in order to transIer money or pay bills. This new type oI business has
attracted techno-criminals who may order goods and services without paying, or break into
the computer systems oI businesses or Iinancial organisations and either move money to
their own account or send viruses which can seriously damage computers and the
inIormation they contain. These viruses can aIIect millions oI people worldwide.
Computers with Internet connections can also be used more saIely by criminals than Iace-
to-Iace meetings or telephone conversations to pass on conIidential inIormation or to plan
crimes. In addition to this, computers allow criminals access to millions oI people
worldwide whom they may persuade to pay Ior something worthless or to support a Iake
charity organisation.

QUESTION NUMBER ONE:
- The writer mentioned the reason Ior the increase oI computer crimes. Mention it.
- Quote the sentence which indicates that computer criminals may convince people to
pay Ior something unworthily.
- According to the text, there is more than one reason that Iorced ordinary people to
access their bank account through Internet website. Mention them.
- Find a word in the last paragraph which means private ..
- What does the underlined pronoun their in the third paragraph reIer to?

- According to the text, the writer considered that computer crimes are more diIIicult to
solve than traditional ones. Explain this statement? JustiIy your answer.
CRITICAL THINKING
Using Internet with out control can lead to disastrous consequences. Do you agree with
this? JustiIy your answer.

PART TWO: VOCABULARY.
QUESTION NUMBER TWO:
A- Study the following dictionary entries and answer the question that follows. Write

- What does the word " note" mean in the Iollowing sentence ?
Aseel spent Iew days in learning in this note.
..

B- Choose the best answer from those given to complete each of the following items
and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

- My brother broke my . so I can't draw a straight line.
- It's Iorbidden to enter other person's with out their permission.
- New technology brought new crimes such as identity .
- The man is innocent until they prove that he is .. .
- Each one should be aware oI not supporting charity organisation.

SECTION TWO :- WRITING
PART THREE :- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS:-
QUESTION NUMBER THREE :-
A-Correct the verb between brackets and write your answer down in your ANSWER
BOOKLET .
- Amjad is very tired because he . .. all the night. ( be, work )
- I .. my homework yet. ( not, finish )

B- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following items
- I have been studying .. seven o'clock.
( for , from , since )
- Ahmad is a very honest person, he doesn't reveal any . inIormation.
( fraud , confidential , court)
fake , ruler , guilty , theft ,confidential , property
note:-
- short record
- sounds made by musical instruments..

- It's been .. since the lunchtime.

( rains , rained , raining)

B- Study the following pairs of sentences and answer the question below. Write the
answer in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
a. He's been repairing the car Ior some time.
b. He has repaired the car so Iar.
Write down the sentence which stress on the length of the action.
.

Unit one answers Unit one answers Unit one answers Unit one answers
Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise page page page page : :: :- -- -
a- - signify. - significantly. - significant.
b- - save. - unsafe. - safe.
c- - curiosity. - curious.
d- - isolated. - isolate.
e- - active. - activate. - act.
f- - exciting. - excitement.
g- - ambition. - ambitious.
h- - sadly. - sad.
i- - agree. - agreement.
j- - magician. - magical. - magic.
k- - organisation. - organised. - organizer.
l- - competitive. - competition.
m- - clear. - clarify. - clearly.
n- energy. - energetic.

. law.
. chaos.
. violent.
. innocent.
. destruction.
. permanent.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise page page page page AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
- case. - court. - fine. - mean.


Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , Question number Two A Question number Two A Question number Two A Question number Two A, , , , page page page page : :: :- -- -
- crimes. - confidential. - virus. - court. - fake.


- The police officer is in charged of this case.
- Ahmad spent all the afternoon in training how to type this document.
- ! wrote a note about what we need to buy from the market.
- ! paid a fine for crossing the red light.
- A strong legal system is important in a modern society.
- Tutankhamen was very famous Egyptian ruler.
- Taking another person's property is theft?
- !n the final of the championship, the players were on the court for two hours.
- He did a fine job of washing my car.
- What type of music do you like best?

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise page page page page SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -
- violent. - chaotic f legal. - innocent f not guilty.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page : :: :- -- -
- have had. - has just arrived. - has lived.
- has played. - have already spoke. - have you finished.
- hasnt finished. - has Ali paid. - has just read.
- has run.

- have you been studying. - has been running. - has been working.

- since. - for. - for. - since. - for.
- since - since.

- played. - stood. - heard. - smelt. - had. - met.
- traveled .

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page SB SB SB SB : :: :- -- -
a- has developed. b- have broken. c- have been reading.
d- has committed. e- have been cheating. f- has been studying.
Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , question number four question number four question number four question number four / / / / B B B B / / / / page page page page : :: :- -- -
Nada has been writing an essay all morning.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page AB AB AB AB : :: :- -- -
a- A- been doing.
B- passed f ( had f been having )
b- A- learnt to play.
B- started f been playing.
c- A- had
B- come back.

arrived - has worked -( went f has gone ) - ( never wanted f has
never wanted ) - got married - have recently had - arrived - didn't
imagine - suffered - quickly learned - made - has become.
B- haven't been sleeping.
A- have been waking up.
B- haven't slept.
b- A- have you spoken.
B- haven't seen.
A- has been spending.
c- A- have been thinking.

B- have you played.
A- have watched f have been watching.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page , , , , TB TB TB TB : :: :- -- -
have moved - chose - had - rose - has increased - have
fallen - have arrived - entered.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , correct the verb correct the verb correct the verb correct the verb, , , , page page page page : :: :- -- - ( ( ( ( A A A A ) ) ) )
- have you been doing. - havent seen. - have you been
learning. - has been writing. - has been playing. -
retire - reading.

- Fatima has read a book about the ancient history so far.
- Theyve been repairing my car for ten days.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets, , , , page page page page ( ( ( ( B B B B ) ) ) )
- have f moved. - have f been. - has f seen
- have f seen. - have been. -have f had.
- have known. - have met. - have flown.
- havent attended. - have had. - has given.
- has been. - have f taken. - have had.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets, , , , page page page page ( ( ( ( C C C C ): ): ): ):- -- -
- have been sitting. - has been studying
- have been working. - have been sleeping.
- has been working.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets correct the verb between brackets, , , , page page page page ( ( ( ( D D D D ): ): ): ):- -- -
- had. - advanced. -
were - went. - saw.

Text answers Text answers Text answers Text answers, , , , page page page page : :: :- -- -
- The law related to computer crime.
- The law related to computer crime.
- Criminals are using computers to help them to commit crimes.
- Criminals are using computers to help them to commit new crimes and to
make it easier to commit old crimes.
- !dentity theft.
- theft f fraud.
- a- because it is more safe.
a- Allow them to access to millions of people worldwide.
- They get into computer system to find out confidential information and use
this to make money.
- Because they are invisible and their actions may be hard to prove.
- Because nothing is actually stolen or physically damaged.
- The growth of computer crimes has been in the increase in the
number of ordinary people who use !nternet websites.
- !n order to buy things, to book holidays or to access to their bank
accounts.
- Because they may order information they contain.
- Because it's more safe than face to face meeting or telephone
conversation.
- Yes, because he talking about computer crimes and this kind of crimes
brought by modern world.
- By sending them to prison and asking them to pay fine.
- Ordering goods and services without paying or take money from
others.

- They use !nternet connection to pass on confidential information or to plan

crimes.
- Old crimes ( theft, fraud ) New ( identity theft )

- pronouns:-
them :-{ ) criminals.
it :- { ) to commit old crimes like theft or fraud.
this:- { ) confidential information.
their:-{ ) the criminals.
it:- { ) to prosecute a computer criminal successfully.
their:-{ ) ordinary people's.
their:-{ ) of techno-criminals.
they:-{ ) computers.
this:- { ) using computers with !nternet connection to pass on confidential
information or to plan crimes.
whom:- { ) millions of people worldwide.
they:- { ) criminals.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page , , , , AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
a)- . b)- . c)- . d)- . e)- .

C- Really, ! think it is a beautiful city.

Answer Answer Answer Answer , ,, ,exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page : :: :- -- -
B. Personally, ! think that students should make use of every chance they
have to speak English.

C. ! agree, youre right, my friend spends hours doing nothing.



success A period oI great wealth. l>:
development the process oI modernization. gb:
deteriorate to get worse. ga ;j J g.j
emigrate to leave your country to live in a new country. >
famine a serious shortage oI Iood leading to great
hunger on a large scale.
cl>o
industry economic activity concerned with raw materials
and manuIacture goods.
cl.

This article looks at three reasons why people emigrate and gives historical
examples.
Economic necessity.
In the early th century, the most important industry in Ireland was agriculture. But the
Iarmers were poor and they used old-Iashioned methods. Because they heard that they
could earn Iour times as much in America, some Iarmers emigrated. But between and
, the economic situation in Ireland deteriorated and in the Potato Famine began.
Disease destroyed oI the years potatoes the main Iood Ior most oI the population.
During the next two years, , people died oI starvation and there was a huge
increase
jl.8$ : -
ac gal. a j; q8 c_ u:l .j q8 oo cl. . . l u8g O q8
oj8 c b go>.j a8 _,c_o . g; : goa _,c_o u;;
.j q8 og.>j _ la ; g.>j ga lSjo _ o _; >l _,c_ . _,; _S
_,ol lc q8 l.8V gg g: cl>o ; lblb; . o
o % g. lblb; go _o lS bo q,: lb _,ol V>
_,,l. q8g: lcg> l>a lSjo _ > q8 o> lj l. l l; g
lc jl: lSjo _ lc 8 g:l .j lSa g; .


Natural disaster.
Tristan da Cunha is a small island in the South Atlantic Ocean. In August , earth
tremors started and gradually became more Irequent. At the beginning oI October, the
government decided that the island was no longer saIe and the whole population oI
people was evacuated to a nearby island. A ship picked them ( ) up and took them ( )
to South AIrica. As they ( ) passed Tristan da Cunha, they ( ) saw the volcano erupt.
Later the people were taken to England, where they ( ) stayed Ior the next two years. In
, the volcanic activity on the island stopped and most oI the people voted to go back.
However, not everyone returned: people had adapted to liIe in England and decided to
stay there ( ), and Iive elderly people had died. There were other changes too: ten
couples Irom the island had married, and eight babies had been born.
,,;b:l : -
) l:g _.a: { q;g.> qlbV ,o q8 ,n j_> I q8 lc ;
S: . u; l,>j: , _. . ; ogS 8 _ja: a j; q8
c gl; j_> lSa _ V> : .oI : j_> l>o j_> _ l>a
l,aj8 g.> _ :> .ba. .,aa j_>; o lo.c ) _.a: l:g { l;
>a.j _,olc o gol8 C,> l,:lbj; _ > ; lo,8 lc q:l; la.
j_> _ g l g:g l. bo m8g: j_> _lc g,o> j O go :
. ga;j 8 l,:lbj; q8 l, _lc l.c 8 g:l l>a l o> q8g:
_ q8 l; l>a lj > ,n: l. l : g>_: 8 j_> _o l>a ac
lab ,:lo: .

Economic success.
The economic success oI the s and s saw the Arabian GulI countries transIormed
into modern and wealthy states, Iunded by oil and other precious natural resources such as
natural gas. The needs oI the oil and construction industries led to a huge demand Ior
skilled workers. Many thousands oI people moved to the region to help build high-tech
cities all over the GulI. These workers, Irom many regions oI the world, were able to Iind a
better liIe and help with the development oI the region.

l.8V l>. : -
_ q; ,l> l; g: a l,.,; l,.,. q8 l.8V l>.
q,;b ln _.o .,o. ,,;b lo _o o,c a.l; goo ,.c .j> l>l
_jlo lo _lc > ulb _ l8 l.; cl. a. cl. _ . l. VI
,l> l: _ q8 > .j> o l.; q8 clol ab.o _ gla.: . lo V
l l: ml.>o _o . ab.o ,o.: q8 clo _8 l,> l>j _o g.So: .

Questions Questions Questions Questions : :: :- -- -
A-
- According to the text, what was the main industry in Ireland during the
th
century?
- The writer mentioned the main reason that made the Irish Iarmers very poor, what
was it?
- The writer mentioned two characteristics oI the Irish Iarmers. Mention them.
- The writer mentioned two Ieatures oI the Irish Iarmers. Mention them.
- The writer mentioned two things that characterized oI the Irish Iarmers. Mention
them.
- According to the text. How much could Irish Iarmer earn iI they went to America?
- When did the economic situation in Ireland get worse?
- According to the text. When did the economic situation in Ireland deteriorate?
- According to the text. What was the main reason behind the Potato Famine?
- How many people died because oI starvation?
- According to the text, why did the people die oI starvation?
- What does the underlined pronoun they line reIer to?

B-
- Where is Tristan da Cunha located?
- When did the government decide that the island was not saIe?
- When did the government decide that the island may Iace a natural disaster?
- When did the government decide that the island may Iace a dangerous situation?
- What was the main reason that Iorced the government to decide that the island was
not saIe?
- What did the government do aIter it decided that the island was not saIe?
- What was the main Iactor behind the evacuation oI the island?
- How many people live on the island?
- When did the volcanic activity stop?
- What did the islanders do aIter the volcanic activity stopped?
- Why didn't all the islanders return to the island?
- What do the underlined pronouns reIer to
The pronoun " them " ( ) reIers to .. .
The pronoun " they " ( ) reIers to .

The pronoun " there " ( ) reIers to .

C-
- When did the economic situation change in the GulI area?
- The writer mentioned more than one example oI natural resources that we can Iind
in GulI region, mention them.
- What were the main reasons that led to a great demand Ior skilled workers?
- Write down the reasons behind the need oI workers in the GulI?

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -
Read the article again and decide whether these statements are True or False.
a)- In the early th century, Irish and American Iarm workers earned about the same
wages.
a- The people oI Tristan da Cunha were taken straight Irom their island to England.

b- The people oI Tristan da Cunha went home even though there was still volcanic
activity.
c- The Arabian GulI countries experienced an economic success requiring large
numbers oI workers.

Find adjectives from the article that have the opposite meaning to the words a e.

Word Word Word Word Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Word Word Word Word Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning
a tiny _,. huge >
b modern Cj> old-fashioned j8
c late > early _:
d young _ ln elderly _ l;
e rare l: frequent S.o

Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following
sentence.
The word that has the opposite meaning oI the word modern is .
( tiny, old-fashioned, elderly )


In this lesson you will learn how to write numbers in words.
Cardinal numbers:-

l; l8V ;l. ,a, l.: ga q8 : -
one six
two seven
three eight
Iour nine
Iive ten

eleven sixteen
twelve seventeen
thirteen eighteen
Iourteen nineteen
IiIteen twenty

twenty seventy
thirty eighty
Iorty ninety
IiIty one hundred / a hundred
sixty

one hundred six hundred
two hundred seven hundred
three hundred eight hundred
Iour hundred nine hundred
Iive hundred one thousand / a thousand

Examples Examples Examples Examples: :: :- -- -
- :- IiIty-three.
- :- twentysix.
- :- one hundred and IiItythree.
- :- one hundred and twentysix.

- :- one hundred and Iorty / a hundred and Iorty.

- ( and ) is placed beIore the last word.
-' -=--- ( and ) ,` -' .- .
- =- _-, ) - ( - '=` - , .
- The article the normally precedes ordinal numbers
-- -- ' '= ( the ) -,- ' .

/ a third

th seventh
/ quarter

th eighth

th Iirst

th ninth

nd second

th tenth

rd third th eleventh

th Iourth th twelIth

th IiIth percent

th Sixth

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise . . . . page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -
Write the numbers in these extracts from the article as words.
a- in the th century.
.. .
b- oI the year's potatoes.
.. .
c- . people.
.. .
d- by the end oI .
.. .
e- in .
.. .
f- people.
.. .
g- and .
.. .


Note Note Note Note : :: :- -- - b>Vo
- twice:- m
- quarter:- g;
- times:-

Answer these questions using numbers and words.
a- What is twice six thousand?
.
b- What is a quarter oI twenty thousand?
.... .
c- What is IiIty percent oI two thousand?
... .
d- What is a third oI twenty-one?
... .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
Answer these interview questions in words, using the information in brackets.
a- How many students are there in your class? ( )
. .
b- When was your school opened? ( )
. .
c- What's the address oI the school? ( , th Avenue )
. .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , p pp page age age age . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
Now rewrite the underlined phrases in these sentences as numbers.
a- My brother was born in two thousand and four. . .
b- I scored seventy-six percent in my English exam. .. .
c- There were two world wars in the twentieth century. ......... .
d- The population oI Egypt is about seventy-five million. .. .
e- There are a hundred centimes in one Algerian dinar. .. .


Word families Word families Word families Word families: :: :- -- -

Complete these sentences with words derived from the words in brackets. You could
check your answers in a dictionary.
a- My weekly s are twice as much as they were last year. (earn)
b- A huge earthquake caused the..oI San Francisco in . (destroy)
c- Two..potato crops led to mass starvation in Ireland. (disaster)
d -The ..oI the worlds migrants move to Iind a better liIe. (major)
e- The people oI Tristan da Cunha leIt because oI volcanic . (act)
I- The success oI the s and s was Iunded by oil. (economy)
g- These workers were able to Iind a better liIe and help with the.oI the
region. (develop)

earning earn ..
destruction destroy destroyed / destructive destructively
. disaster disastrous disastrously
majority major . .
activity act active actively
economy economies economical economically
development develop developed .


We oIten stress particular words in sentences to give them emphasis or to correct
what someone else has said.
lo lo _,;; gSj O _o> q8 o lol _lc ja. >.: l:l,> ,.l
lo >a V _lc lo qa l8 >a V ,. .

Make conversation based on these prompts.
a- Are you Irom Egypt?
No, I'm Irom Jordan.

b- Do you go to school?
No, I go to university.

c- Are you studying chemistry?
No, I study physics.

d- Do you like being a student?
I love being a student.

Read the following conversation, then answer the question below:-
A- Do you like apples?
B- No, I like grapes.
The word that carries the main stress is .. .


We use the past perfect to
clariIy which oI two past actions happened Iirst:
V _> _,la _o j. .
Irish people emigrated because so many had died of starvation.
(People died and as a result others emigrated.)
By , a quarter of the population of Ireland had emigrated to America.
(They emigrated before .)

talk about a situation, state, Ieeling or action in the past:
qlo _o_ q8 > clao l> _c .l .
Tareq felt nervous because he had never flown before.
(Tareq was nervous at some point in the past. The reason he was nervous
was that he had not flown before this point in time.)
When I read the letter I couldnt stop smiling. Id passed all my exams.

provide background inIormation about a past event:
qlo _o_ q8 > _c loglo _o ,al>; j_. .
Past event: On January , Fiona Thornewill arrived at the South Pole.
She had completed the km journey in days.
She had walked an average of kilometres a day.
By a.m. on the last day the clouds had disappeared and the sun had come out.

Choose the correct form of the verbs in the sentences below.

a- By the end oI , about a quarter oI the population oI Ireland left / had left Ior the
United States.
b- Not everyone returned / had returned: people adapted / had adapted to liIe in
England and decided to stay there ...
c- AIter two years ... Iive elderly people died / had died.
d- AIter two years ... eight babies were born / had been born.


Discuss the difference in meaning between these pairs of sentences.

a- In a quarter oI the population oI Ireland emigrated to America.
- By a quarter oI the population oI Ireland had emigrated to America.
b- Irish people emigrated because so many were dying oI starvation.
- Irish people emigrated because so many had died oI starvation.
c- When they sailed past Tristan da Cunha, the volcano erupted.
- When they sailed past Tristan da Cunha, the volcano had erupted.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise: : : : - -- -
Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets Correct the verb between brackets: :: :- -- -
- You . English beIore you moved to New York.( study )
- By the time Ali Iinished his studies, he in London Ior over eight years. (
be )
- I .. in Europe, so many years ago.( live )
- I wasn't hungry when I came home Irom school. I ... on my way
home Irom school.( eat )
- They Ielt bad about selling the house because they.. it Ior
more than Iorty years.( own )
- I .. never .... such a beautiIul beach beIore I went to Aqaba.( see )
- I did not have any money because I .. my wallet. ( lose)
- We .. Ior school, when I Iound out that the my English class was
cancelled.( leave )
- She only understood the movie because she the book.( read )
- Tony knew Istanbul so well because he the city
several times. ( visit )
- We were not able to get a hotel room because we... in advance. ( not , book )
- We . so many diIIerent places, beIore we came home. ( visit )
- John ... to an opera beIore last night.( not, be )

Complete this short text with the correct form of the past simple or past perfect
form of the verbs in brackets. (Sometimes both forms are possible.)
Note:- You only need to use the past perfect to show which past action happened
first.
On April th , an enormous earthquake (). (hit)
the CaliIornian city oI San Francisco. Although it (). (last) only

sixty seconds, it () (be) the worst disaster in the history oI the United
States. By the end oI that minute, most oI the citys buildings and transport systems
() (be destroyed) and thousands oI Iamilies
(). (become) reIugees. Later studies ()
(show) that the ground ().. (break) open Ior more than
kilometres along the San Andreas riIt. The land to the east oI the riIt
(). (move) seven metres to the south. That move
() (kill) , people and ().. (injure)
, others.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
Complete this story of a family who left England to live in 1ordan. Use the past
simple or past perfect form of the verbs between parentheses. (Write two forms if
they are both possible.)

In my Iamily () (leave) England on an aeroplane. Five hours later we
(). (arrive) in Amman, Jordan. My mother ().. (be) worried about
the plane journey because she is scared oI Ilying. But there () (be) no
turbulence and she (). (sleep) through the trip.
In Jordan my Iamily () (live) in a lovely apartment, which was
(). (provide) by my Iathers new job. My Iather helped to run an engineering
Iirm that ()(build) bridges. We () (go) to an international
school and (). (attend) school with children Irom all over the world. At
Iirst, it (). (be) diIIicult getting used to being away Irom home, but we
all () (work) hard to Iit in and the locals ().. (be) very Iriendly.
In , my Iamily and I ().. (return) to England, but I ()..
(love) my time in Jordan. I ().. (learn) so much about an interesting culture
and ().. (make) so many good Iriends.

Match a sentence from List A with another from List B, then complete the sentences
with two verbs one in the past simple and the other in the past perfect.
List A
a- I went (go) to the doctors this morning.
I had felt ill during the night. (List B )
b- I (dream) oI visiting China Ior many years.
. .

c- My sister and her husband (move) into a new Ilat at the weekend.
.
d- My Iather (retire) last year.
. .
e- I wasnt surprised that he (fall) asleep at the wheel oI his car.
. .
I- He (look for) work Ior only two weeks.
.
List B
- BeIore that they (live) with her husbands parents.
- He.. (drive) nearly kilometres without a break.
- He.. (work) Ior the same company all his liIe.
- Then yesterday he.. (be offered) two jobs.
- I (feel) ill during the night.
- Last year I. (spend) two months there.



Word Word Word Word meaning meaning meaning meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning Arabic meaning
temperate having mild temperatures .o
raise bring up children q;j
creature a living thing / animal gl>o J q> _:l
extensive very long _jgb
original Iirst ql
recurrent occurring oIten or repeatedly S.o
forge advance steadily l;.; a.j

When we talk about animal migration we mean the movement oI an animal Irom the
place where it ( ) has been living to a diIIerent place and the return journey to that
animals original home. Most animal migrations are recurrent events which happen at
certain times oI the year. Animals usually migrate to Iind Iood or to raise their ()
young.
_,j l lSo _o l:g, > > l; q.: l:g, > _c .: lo.c
ml.>o lSo _ ,8 g, O qlV _bgo _ g l> . > bo
. _o .,o l8 q8 : S.o > q l:g, l.; lc l:g, >l:
lb _c lln ,;. .

Incredibly, most migrating animals Iollow the same route every year and Irom generation
to generation. Land animals may cross mountains or Iorge rivers, while birds and insects
travel extensive distances, sometimes across continents and oceans. Fish and other sea
creatures may migrate halIway round the world. For example, the grey whale can travel
as much as , kilometres.
_,> ; V,> lc _ @jb _a: Ol: >lo l:g, bo j V loo
: l;> gba: 8 j; l:g, l:V ; ,; l8lo 8l: a g,b lo.,;
lb,o l8 ;: l:l,> oao lo >l: 8 j; l:g, _o l,c loaV
l g> 8lo m: oao lo 8lj g,b.j lo g V.o l .

Many animals migrate to northern regions during the northern summer because the long
summer days mean that there is always plenty oI Iood. In the autumn, when the weather
gets colder, many animals migrate south to Iind Iood and warmer weather (the southern
summer). Some animals migrate every year, doing the two journeys in one year, but
others migrate only iI they ( ) need to Iind Iood or Ior more temperate weather.
m, lj V qloa m, _8 V> ,loa _>V _ >l: l:g, _o j
lb _o ,.S g> lo: q.: ljgb mj> q8 l; g> ;j lo.c _o j
l.8 .V _ab lb _c l.; l;g.> >l: l:g, ) q;g.> m, { , _; l:g
lc _ >l: > lc q8 _,.l>l; ga: ) lj$ l> l l> { l:g,> _S
l> _o j_o _c lb _c C;l >l; u:l a8 >l: > .

- According to the text, what does animal migration mean?
- According to the text, what is the deIinition oI animal migration?
- Write down the sentence which indicates that animal migration happens at a deIinite
time each year.
- Write down the sentence which indicates that animal migration happens at a certain
time each year.
- According to the Iirst paragraph. Why do animals migrate?
- The writer mentioned more than one reason that enIorces animals to migrate, mention
them.
- According to the Iirst paragraph. What is the main reason Ior animal migration?
- According to the text. The writer mentioned more than one reason Ior animal
migration, mention them.
- According to the second paragraph. What do migrating animals Iollow?
- What do migrating animals cross during migration?
- According to the second paragraph, give an example oI migration sea creature?
- According to the third paragraph. Why do animals migrate to northern regions
during the northern summer?
- According to the third paragraph. Why is there plenty oI Iood in north?
- Why do animals migrate to south regions during autumn?
- Why do some animals migrate northwards in summer and southward in winter?
- Do all animals make the same number oI migrations every year?
- What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages oI migration?
- What do the underlined pronouns reIer to:
the pronoun " it " ( ) reIers to .. .
the pronoun " their " ( ) reIers to . .
the pronoun " they " ( ) reIers to .

Read the article again. Are these statements True or False?
a- Animal migration always involves returning the same season.
b- Most animals migrate to escape Irom their enemies..
c- Many animals migrate at the same time every year.
d- Animals make the same journeys as their mothers and Iathers did
e- Many animals migrate south in the summer..
f- Finding Iood is rarely the main reason Ior a migration

Choose the correct words to complete these sentences.
a- Some human activities are destroying / destruction the natural world.
b- Unemployment is Ialling as more people Iind permanent / permanently work.
c- Average earn / earnings are expected to double in the next ten years.
d- It has been a disaster / disastrous year Ior the tea industry.
e- Storms caused the destroyed / destruction oI most oI the crops.

earning earn . .
destruction destroy destroyed / destructive destructively
. disaster disastrous disastrously
majority major . ..
activity act active actively
economy economies economical economically
development develop developed .


Describing a sequence of events in the past
Read this students essay and put the sentences in the correct order.

A night to remember
A Ten minutes later my bedroom window shattered with a terrible crash.
B Immediately, I leapt out oI bed and rushed to my brothers bedroom to check that Tareq
and Ali were all right.
C I had gone to bed just aIter midnight and I was only halI asleep when the wind started
blowing.
D Luckily, he had not been woken by the noise oI the wind and rain.
E Next, Tareq and I went to check that our parents were okay. We knocked on their
bedroom door.
F Our mother was still sleeping, but our Iather was already dressed and doing everything
he could to protect our house Irom the storm.
G Our younger brother Hisham was still sleeping peaceIully.
H There was no reply, so we opened the door and went in.
I When I went into their bedroom, I Iound Tareq staring out oI the window watching the
storm.

Choose something that actually happened to you, or use your imagination to

make up a story. Use some of the linking words and phrases that you found in
the example story. Write words.
..

You are going to talk about an event which changed your life in some way.
Choose the event you are going to talk about. It could be a major change, like the
speakers move to Australia, or a more minor event. Examples:

Your Iirst day at school Changing schools
The Iirst holiday you remember An interesting journey

b Make a Iew notes in answer to these questions.

How old were you? What happened?
Where were you? How did you Ieel?
Who was involved? What were the results oI this change?


Talking about past event Talking about past event Talking about past event Talking about past event ,lo > _c .
(Then) one day, I ... ) : { gj ...
I was about to go into the garden to
play Iootball, when ...
Oa _lc u. aj _ l
Two months / Ten minutes / Three
days later, we ...
_ja ; J @:l8 ac J lj :V:
...
The Iirst thing that struck me was ... l q..>l8 qa ...
That was six years ago g.a ua _;8 O ...
Remembering a past event qlo > :
I can remember it very clearly. g _S; o: ............
I remember thinking / Ieeling
,Sa. : J ga .........
Ill never Iorget that day / how I Ielt
that day
g, O _: _ J m, _: _
a ..

Unit two answers Unit two answers Unit two answers Unit two answers

Text answer Text answer Text answer Text answer, , , , page page page page : :: :- -- -
A
- Agriculture.
- They used old-fashioned methods.
- A)- They were very poor. B)- They used old fashioned methods.
- Four times.
- !n .
- !n .
- Diseases destroyed of the years potatoes.
- . people.
- Farmers.

B -
- !t is located in the South Atlantic Ocean.
- At the beginning of October.
- Because Earth tumors started and gradually became more frequent.
- Government evacuated people to a nearby island.
- Because Earth tumors started and gradually became more frequent.
- people.
- !n .
- They voted to go back.
- people had adapted to life in England and decided to stay there, and
five elderly people had died.
- !slanders
!slanders
!slanders
!slanders
England

C-
. !n s and s.
. Oil and natural gas.
. The need of oil and construction industries.
. The need of oil and construction industries.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise page page page page . .. .SB SB SB SB : :: :- -- -

a- False b- False c- False d-
True

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise . . . . page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -
a- nineteenth b- seventyfive percent c- three hundred
and fifty thousand d- eighteen fifty-four e- nineteen
sixty-one f- two hundred and sixty-eight g- nineteen sixty
and nineteen seventy

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -
a- twelve thousand b- five thousand c- one thousand
e- seven

Ans Ans Ans Answer wer wer wer, ,, , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
a- !t was opened in nineteen seventy-five.
b- The address is seventeen, Tenth Avenue.
c- About one thousand seven hundred and fifty students go to my school.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a- b-
th
c- ,, d-

a- earnings b- destruction c- disastrous
d- majority e- activity f- economic
g- development


a- Jordan b- ver c- physics d- love

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise : :: :- -- -
Grapes.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -
a- had left b- returned f had adapted c- had
died d- had been born


a- The people emigrated during .
a- The people emigrated before .
b- People were dying while others emigrated.
b- People died before the emigration.
c- The volcano erupted at the same time as they sailed past.
c- The volcano erupted before they sailed past.

- hit - lasted - was - had been destroyed
- had become - showed - had broken - had moved
- killed f had killed - injured f had injured

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

- left - arrived - was f had been - was f had been
- slept f had slept - lived - provided - built - went
- attended - was -worked - were
- returned - loved f had loved - had learnt
- had made

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
b- ! had dreamt of visiting China for many years. Last year ! spent two
months there. (List B )
c- Ny sister and her husband moved into a new flat at the weekend. Before
that they had lived with her husbands parents. (List B )
d- Ny father retired last year. He had worked for the same company all his
life. (List B )
e- ! wasnt surprised that he fell asleep at the wheel of his car. He had
driven nearly , kilometres without a break. (List B )
f-He had looked for work for only two weeks. Then yesterday he was
offered two jobs. (List B )


- The movement of an animal from the place where it has been living to a
different place and the return journey to that animals original home.
- Nost animal migrations are recurrent events which happen at certain times of
the year.
- Nost animal migrations are recurrent events which happen at certain times of
the year.
- Animals usually migrate to find food or to raise their young.
- To find food or to raise their young.
- Follow the same route.
- Land animals may cross mountains or forge rivers, while birds and insects
travel extensive distances, sometimes across continents and oceans. Fish and
other sea creatures may migrate halfway round the world.
- The grey whale.
- Because the long summer days mean that there is always plenty of food.
-Because the long summer days mean that there is always plenty of food.
- Nany animals migrate south to find food and warmer weather (the southern
summer).
- Nany animals migrate to northern regions because the long summer days
mean that there is always plenty of food, and many animals migrate to southern
regions to find food and warmer weather.
- No they dont. Because some animals migrate only if they need to find food
or for more temperate weather.


-Your point of view.
-Animals.
Animals.
Animals.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a- False: can be different seasons. b- False: to find food and raise
young. c- True d- False: from generation to generation.
e- False: to the north
f- False: one of the main reasons

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise page page page page . .. .AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a- earnings b- destruction c- disastrous d- majority
e- activity f- economic g- development


ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE
TEL TEL TEL TEL

Key words Key words Key words Key words, , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

composted mixture oI decayed organic matter loa
incineration burning to ashes lo _.> >
landfill area containing buried waste ljla: uSo
material matter Irom which a thing is made lo
pollution contamination gl:
precious valuable _,o: ,8
recycle re-use >.a g,.: ,j . cl. Sj
qa
resources means available lo
rubbish waste olo8
waste rubbish / unwanted or unusable
things
lal>o


Recycling in 1ordan
Jordan is a regional leader in green issues, hosting Middle Eastern conIerences dedicated
to the protection oI the environment, water conservation and recycling. Major recycling
plants have been built in the last Iew years in order to dispose saIely oI substances such as
plastics and batteries. There is a greatly increased awareness oI the Iragile local
environment and the need to take care oI Jordans precious natural resources.
a What are the most precious resources in Jordan?
b How seriously do people take the problem oI waste and recycling in Jordan?
c Can you think oI ways oI improving the recycling process in Jordan?


out of blue unexpectedly, suddenly.
g8g.o ,c _Sa; g>lao
red tape paperwork and administration.
j ,8 loc
in black and white printed or written.
g.So g;bo
see red get very angry.
a; unj
give the green light to say yes / agree.
@8gj j oj
put someone on the
black list
tell the public that someone has
done something wrong.
o:la _lc gj g

Study the Iollowing sentence , and then answer the question below.
When he accused me oI being wasteIul, I saw red.

What does the underlined ideom mean?
.. .

Weve got to stop companies Irom polluting the environment. We should put them
in the black list.

.. .

Theyve given the green light to the building oI a new incinerator.

.. .

saw red
- got very angry.
- say yes.
put them in the black list
- tell the public they have done
something wrong.
- printed or written.
give the green light
- suddenly.
- say yes.

The rules clearly say that we must not leave rubbish outside our homes. Look, its
in black and white.

.. .

Its almost impossible to get a passport quickly. There is so much red tape.

.. .

I heard this morning, out of the blue, that Id won a writing competition

.. .

in black and white
- paperwork and
administration.
- printed or written.
red tape
- paper work and
administration.
- unexpectedly.
out of the blue
- agree.
- unexpectedly.

Ex Ex Ex Exercise ercise ercise ercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Complete these conversations with one of these colour adjectives. There are some
words which you do not need, and others that you need to use twice.
( black, blue, brown, green, red, white, yellow )

a- A) Is that a letter youre reading?
B) Yes, its Irom an old Iriend. It came this morning completely out oI
the .
b- A) Have you heard? The government has given the light to
the building oI a new airport.
B) I think its just a rumour.
A) No, its in the newspaper. Look its here in .. and .. .
c- A) Calm down.
B) Sorry someone accused me oI being lazy and I just saw .

Choose the best answer from those given to complete each of the following
items.
( saw red, red tape, green light, black and white, out of the blue )

- I cant accept this, your work still needs many ... .
- My dad gave me the .. to go with my Iriend s to Aqaba.
- Muna . yesterday because our teacher didnt accept her
project and asked her to do it again.
- When they told me that they caught the criminals, I think it was just rumor, but its
her in .... .
- I went oII money, but .. my close Iriend gave me some.


Word Word Word Word Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Arabic meanin Arabic meanin Arabic meanin Arabic meaning gg g
look forward to wait with pleasure Ior something to happen _ glb.j
come up with invent / discover / Iind >j _ _g.j
come up against meet / Iace >gj
put up with accept / stand / tolerate ( something unpleasant ) _o.j @,bj
cut down on reduce _a>j _laj
keep up with know the latest inIormation about Vb _lc _a;j
>.ol;

Find the three-part phrasal verbs in these sentences, then match each verb with one
of the meanings below.
Study the following dictionary entries and answer the question below. Write
- What does the multi-part verb keep up with mean in the Iollowing sentence?
Things are moving so Iast
its impossible to keep up with the changes.
..

- What does the multi-part verb cut down on mean in the Iollowing sentence?
Supermarkets should cut down on packaging.

..

- What does the multi-part verb come up against mean in the Iollowing
sentence?
Weve come up against serious problems
in our plan to recycle rubbish.
..
keep up with:-
- meet / Iace
- know the latest
inIormation about.
cut down on:-
- meet / Iace
- reduce.
come up against:-
- meet / Iace
- accept something
unpleasant.

- What does the multi-part verb look forward to mean in the Iollowing
sentence?
Im looking forward to the day when
oI our rubbish is recycled.
..

- What does the multi-part verb come up with mean in the Iollowing sentence?
Scientists have just come up with a new
way oI reprocessing plastic.
..

- What does the multi-part verb put up with mean in the Iollowing sentence?
People living near the bus station
put up with a lot oI noise.

..

look forward to:-
- wait with
pleasure
- accept something
unpleasant.
come up with:-
- Iind / discover.
- accept
something
unpleasant.
put up with:-
- meet / Iace
- accept something
unpleasant.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Rewrite these sentences in your notebook using the three-part phrasal verbs in
brackets.

a- I cant wait Ior the summer holidays in Jordan. (look forward to)
b- Environmentalists are working hard to Iind new ways oI saving energy. (come up
with)
c- II you want to improve your health, you should reduce the amount oI sugar and Iat
you eat. (cut down on)
d- My journey to work gets worse every day. I dont think I can stand it Ior much
longer. (put up with)

cloth material or Iabric used to make clothes. lo8
fiber a very small piece oI paper, wood, cloth, etc ,: m,
rot Decay. _l.j
sustainable a practice or product that can be used or re-used
with out cost to the environment.
: J >.o
wood pulp wood aIter it has been crushed. ua> la:

The Iirst paper was made Irom cloth nearly two thousand years ago in China. Although
paper can be made Irom all kinds oI materials, such as cotton Iibres, grass or sugar
cane, these days wood pulp is the material most commonly used to make new paper
that is, paper which contains no old or recycled paper.
_, q8 l;ja: lc qa _;8 loa _o l . : _Soj g c
go g: _ _o . _ba l, _.o S u8 ua o ua> u V
cl. lo>.a .V lo g ljV " j> g " _lc g.j V g g
j8 ,.: lo .

The modern world uses so much paper that environmentalists have persuaded us that
we should recycle old paper as well as making new paper. There is an increasing
awareness in Jordan oI the need to recycle both paper and other materials. Paper-

recycling containers can now be Iound in some parts oI the country and some
government agencies have begun paper recycling programmes. Also, there is greater
education in schools about the need to take care oI our environment.
Ol.j Cj l jS: l.,lc u>j :; l:g.8 .,; lc > g _o ,.S
j> cl. O ja g . jS: _ >ll V q8 j_.o qc l.
go _o o,c g _o V cl. . _; q8 V >g.o g,.. lo g ljl>
l; _> ) V { ; g jS. o; ,a..; ; ,ogS l., _ lj
l...,;; lo.V >l g: o q8 ,; g;: >g: l. .

Although we use wood pulp Irom trees to make new paper, it is not true that recycling
paper saves trees. Trees are a commercially grown long-term crop, so that when they
are cut down, new ones are planted. Also, papermakers use the parts oI trees that cannot
be used in other industries such as building and Iurniture making. Nearly all new paper
is made Irom wood grown in sustainable Iorests.
j> cl. l>aV _o ua> u >.: l.: c jS: l, _, : V
l>aV a.j g . oV _jgb go q8 l>: _Sa; _: l>aV . lj l.
_.o > lcl. q8 _n.: _Soj V q. _>V >a _o gln.j g
l:V l.; lcl. . ljlc q8 go.: q. l>aV _o g.j j> g _ l;ja:
o.o .

Here are some oI the Iacts related to producing recycled paper:
So g l.: ,lo; al.o @:la _; qlj lo,8 ) g,.. lo g :{
A large proportion oI household waste is paper or cardboard. About halI oI this is
newspapers and magazines.
g: q ,_.o lal>o _o ,; ;: . m ,oS o m: l;ja:
V>o .
For every tonne oI paper used Ior recycling, we save , litres oI water,
kwh oI electricity, and reduce air pollution.
8g: jS. q8 >.o _b _ _;lao . lo . _o _
gl, J g gl: _la: l; cla .

Recycling paper is less harmIul to the environment than burying it in landIill sites.
This is because paper that is buried in the ground rots and produces methane, which is a
powerIul greenhouse gas.
ljla. l;So g8go q8 .8 _o .,; _lc _8 g jS: cl. . V
_jgS: q8 l8 lc g l.,o lc ..j _l.j V _bl; q8 _8j g
V lb l;.> .

Despite our increasing dependence on inIormation stored on computers, there will
always be a demand Ior paper. In the interests oI our environment, we have to make
sure that we continue to recycle as much oI it as possible.
l:lo.c c u,ag q8 ba: q. loglo _lc j_.o l. _a;,a : V
g _lc : ulb . l...,; l lo a; .o jS. q8 o.: _lc ,. l.,lc
g,b.: .

- According to the text, where was the Iirst paper made? and when?
- The writer mentioned that we can make paper Irom all kinds oI materials, is he
justiIied in this? JustiIy your answer?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, the writer mentioned more than one material that
we can make paper Irom, mention two oI them.
- According to the Iirst paragraph, Irom what we can make new paper?
- Quote the sentence which indicates that wood is used to make new paper.
- According to the text, who persuaded us to recycle old paper?
- The writer said that there is an increasing awareness in Jordan oI the need to recycle
both papers and other materials, is the writer justiIied? JustiIy your answer?
- Recycling paper saves trees. Discuss this statement according to the inIormation
mentioned in the text.
- The writer said that recycling paper doesn't save tree, why?
- The writer mentioned more than one advantage oI recycling paper mentioned
them.
- According to the third paragraph, the writer mentioned more than one
industry we use wood pulp in, mention them.
- According to the text, what is the disadvantage oI burying paper on the
environment?
- According to the text, what is the harm oI buried paper having on the
environment?
- What do the underlined pronouns reIer to?
the pronoun " it " line reIers to .

the pronoun " they " line reIers to .. .

the pronoun " this " line reIers to .. .
the pronoun " it " line reIers to .. .
the pronoun " it " line reIers to .. .
- The underlined word " ones " line reIers to ..
Read the article to find out whether these statements are True or False. Correct
the false statements.
a- All paper is made Irom wood. .
b- Paper can be recycled more than times. .
c- Recycling paper saves trees. ... .
d- Most household waste is paper or cardboard. . .

Read the article again and complete these sentences with words or phrases from
this list. There are two more terms than you need.
( air pollution, environment, greenhouse gas, household waste, materials,
sustainable forests )

a- Grass and sugar cane are two oI the . that can be used to make
paper.
b- Trees used Ior making paper are grown in , where new trees are
planted to replace ones which are cut down.
c- About oI the paper and cardboard in . is made up oI
newspapers and magazines.
d- Burying paper in landIill sites does more damage to the . than
recycling it.


Talking about wishes Talking about wishes Talking about wishes Talking about wishes
Wish + past simple ( V. / didnt + V. )
maV _c ,;.l cla o >.: l _o_ q8 qa _lc .
l,.o l> _c ,;. _;a.o .
- We use wish + past simple verbs to talk about regrets in the present, and
impossible conditions:
I wish I had my glasses with me. (I dont have my glasses with me.)
I wish I was ten years younger. (This is an impossibility.)

- We use wish + could to express regret about inability to change situations we
don't like:
> ,,n: _lc l.:8 c _c ,;.l cla o >.: l; _,;c l. _: l .
I wish I could go to your party. (but I can't)
I wish I could read more quickly. (I read slowly and would like to read more quickly.)

- We use wish + ( would / wouldnt ) to express criticism or annoyance about
certain behaviour:
: _,o : _o lc_:V a. _c ,;.l cla o >. .
I wish you wouldnt do that. (The speaker is telling someone to stop doing something.)
I wish I would get up earlier. (The speaker is unhappy about his own behaviour.)

Read sentences ae from the conversation, and answer these questions:
In which sentences do the speakers express regret?
In which sentences do the speakers express criticism or annoyance?
a- I wish people would take the problem more seriously.
b- I wish we could recycle plastic more easily.
c- I wish every country had a system like that.
d- I wish I were in charge oI our company.
e- I wish they wouldnt do that.


Match sentences ae above with these follow-up sentences.
a- I suppose one day they might.
b- Its so annoying!
c- HopeIully, we will be able to eventually.
d- But I know thats never going to happen.
e- Maybe one day they will.

Write wish sentences which could follow these beginnings.
a- Im really tired, but I cant sleep at night. I wish I could sleep at night.
b- The weathers too hot at the moment.
c- People drive too Iast in the city centre.
d- The streets are very dirty.

Rewrite sentences by using wish Rewrite sentences by using wish Rewrite sentences by using wish Rewrite sentences by using wish
,l. b u> cla o >.al; _o> o ;l. lc .: : -
- _V ajb : -
- lol lo> 8 .
- lo> q8 >.o _a u: > g .
- ,a.o .;.o lo> o _ j: .
- ; _cla gg; lo> ;l. lc wish gb> _a g>: : _o
_ > _a.j l.;.o lo> q8 l _a lco go g
_jg. lo> _a.j l,a.o l .
) la>V l .j ga cla o ga _; >gj {
- lolS really, very, too _ g: so .
- ,:l. ajb : -
lo> g: _.o u> _o> ;l. lc _Soj ql.l : -
- lol lo> 8 .
- lo> _o o _.o j: .
- cg8 > j: wish lo> ,b: _.o go _alo.j lo; .
- lj: : q. cla u> lo> ;l. lc .

e.g.:- The weather is too hot at the moment.
I wish the weather wasnt so hot at the moment
_V ajb u> .

I wish the weather was cooler at the moment.

,:l. ajb u> .


- am, is, are
'm not, isn't, aren't
b>Vo : gSj a ) be { q,: _8
lo> q8 .
wasn't, weren't
was , were
- V./ ( V.-s/es ) didn't + V.

-don't + V.
doesn't + V.
b>Vo : b>V ) don't ) { doesn't {
: .
V.

- want to / wants to could
- can't Could
- has / have + past participle ( V. ) Hadnt + past participle ( V. )
- hasnt / havent + P.P ( V. ) Hadnt + P.P ( V. )
- will + B.V ( V. ) Wouldnt + B.V ( V. )
- will not ( wont ) + B.V ( V. ) Would + B.V ( V. )

Abbreviations Abbreviations Abbreviations Abbreviations: :: :- -- -
m am
ll will
wont will not
s is / has
re are
ve have

ol lb>Vo : -
- _jclo _,la _a.j { have to , has to ) _jg. lo> q8 ql.l .
Did not have to
- ; lo.,; ;j _,8b _o :gSo lo> u:l { and ) ol;.:V O,lc u>j
loV _, _,8b > _lc .: u>j ;l.S lc _ .
e.g.:- I read slowly and would like to read more quickly.
I wish I didnt read slowly.
I wish I would J could read more quickly.
- lo> q8 would like to g lo _a la; l8> O,lc u>j { B.V )
.
e.g.:- I would like to paint this room.
I wish I could J would paint this room.
- j _cla l ; q: wish ,l. lolS > I J he J she J it l.,lc l
_,la > >.a was J were _a >.a _a: l.:|8 were lo> _c ;j :V
. _Sa; ,oa . _a >.a _ l. la$ u>: was _:l> . ulb l. logoc
a >.a u>j : _lc _j _ were .


Rewrite these sentences using the verb wish and the words in brackets. You can
use wish+ would, wish + could, or wish + past simple.
a- You waste too much paper. (stop wasting paper)
I wish youd stop wasting paper.
b- My brother spends many hours talking on the phone. (not spend so many hours)
I wish .
c- Im very shy about talking in public. (not so shy)
I wish .
d- Newspapers and magazines contain too many adverts. (not so many)
I wish . .
e- You eat too quickly. (not eat so quickly)
I wish .
f- Im a very slow reader. (not such a slow reader)
I wish .
g- We dont spend much time together. (spend more time)
I wish
h- The city centre is really busy this morning. (not so busy)
I wish .
i- Hes lost his keys. (find his keys)
I wish......................................................................................................................... .

Write sentences to follow these beginnings using the verb wish.
a- Im not old enough to go to university.
I wish I were older.
b- Im not very good at maths.
I wish . .
c- Hani speaks really quickly.
I wish . .
d- I cant speak French.
I wish . .
e- Youre always losing things.
I wish . .
f- We have to start work very early tomorrow morning.
I wish . .
g- Going to the theatre is expensive.
I wish ..

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise, , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Write sentences starting with I wish in response to these statements.
a- I cant sing very well.
I wish .. .
b- Im really tired this morning.
I wish .. .
c- My Iriend wont give me my CD back.
I wish . .
d- Its too hot to go out today.
I wish .. .
e- I cant remember where I leIt the newspaper.
I wish .. .
f- Her music is too loud Ior me.
I wish ..

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise, , , , page page page page . . . . TB TB TB TB: :: :- -- -
Write wish sentences in response to these statements.
a Many people in my village smoke too much.
I wish people in my village would smoke less.
b There are too many adverts on television.
I wish .. .
c Our city doesnt collect rubbish often enough.
I wish .. .
d Im not good at maths.
I wish .. .
e I cant read very quickly.
I wish .. .

GENERAL SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

GENERAL ENGLISH FIRST EXAM LEVEL
DATE:- TIME:-
lb>Vo : - ) { 8g o l.a g,o> _c u> .
) { g,o> _,oa.ol ,ojlV a .
SECTION ONE: READING
PART ONE: READING COMPREHENTION.
B. Read the following text carefully, and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET
answers all the questions that follow each text. Your answer should be based on
the texts.
An area oI the law that is changing very quickly in the modern world is the law related
to computer crime. Increasingly, criminals are using computers to help them commit
new crimes like identity theIt, and to make it easier to commit old crimes like theIt or
Iraud. Technological criminals may get into computer systems to Iind out conIidential
inIormation and use this to make money.
UnIortunately, computer crimes are oIten more diIIicult to solve than traditional crimes
because the criminals are invisible and their actions may be hard to prove. It can also be
diIIicult to prosecute a computer criminal successIully because usually nothing is
actually stolen or physically damaged. HopeIully, in Iuture, computer experts will
discover more eIIective ways oI detecting such crimes.
A particular Iactor in the growth oI computer crimes has been the increase in the
number oI the ordinary people who use Internet websites to buy things, to book
holidays or to access their bank accounts in order to transIer money or pay bills. This
new type oI business has attracted techno-criminals who may order goods and services
without paying, or break into the computer systems oI businesses oI Iinancial
organizations and either move money to their own account or send viruses which can
seriously damage computers and the inIormation they contain. These viruses can aIIect
millions oI people worldwide.
Computers with Internet connections can also be used more saIely by criminals than
Iace-to-Iace meetings or telephone conversations to pass on conIidential inIormation or
to plan crimes. In addition to this, computers allow criminals access to millions oI
people worldwide whom they may persuade to pay Ior something worthless or to
supports a Iake charity organization.
QUESTION NUMBER ONE:
. The writer mentioned more than one reason that Iorced criminals to use computers
with internet connection. Mention them.
. Write down the sentence which indicates that police Iind it diIIicult to arraign
techno-criminals to the court.
. According to the text, Why do ordinary people use Internet websites.
. According to the text, what do technological criminals beneIit Irom their crimes?
. What does the underlined pronoun whom in the Iourth paragraph reIer to?
. Find a word in the second paragraph which means to discover who commits a crime.

CRITICAL THINKING
Computer crimes are on rise. Write two sentences describing your role in reducing these
crimes.

QUESTION NUMBER TWO:
A. Choose the best answer from those given to complete each of the following items

- AIter the GulI war the economic situation in most oI the Arab world . .
- People use trees which grow in ..Iorest to make new paper.
- Animals usually emigrate in order to Iind Iood or .. their young.
- .. always try to Iind solutions to pollution.
- I heard this morning, ., that I'd won the writing competition.

B- Study the following dictionary entries and answer the question below. Write the
- What does the multi-part verb put up with mean in the Iollowing sentence?
People who lived near the bus station put up with
a lot oI noise.
-..

C. Choose the suitable word from those given to complete each of the following item.
- To .. this point , it's important to put things in order .
- Their trip to Yemen sounded really .. .
- The characters in Iolk stories have .. power.

out of the blue , deteriorated , environmentalists , sustainable ,
raise, erode
put up with:-
- meet / Iace
- accept something unpleasant.

PART TWO: VOCABULARY.

QUESTION NUMBER THREE:
A-Correct the verb between brackets and write your answer down in your ANSWER
BOOKLET .

- I wish I . more time to do all this homework. ( have )
- When they their products, they bought other Iood.( sell )
- She graduated Irom university less than three years ago. She . Ior three diIIerent
companies so Iar. ( work )

B- Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following items
- He has been working Ior this company . .
( since , from , for )
-They always use . to make new paper.
( cloth , wood pulp , creature )

-The opposite adjective oI the word " rare " is .. .
( frequent , old-fashioned, huge )
-" In Iact, I think it is important to reduce the amount oI salt that one consumed in
order to be healthy." This sentence indicates
( agreement, opinion, advice )
- The number is written as . .
( two thousand six hundred and ninety eight / two thousand, six hundred
and ninety eight / two thousand, six hundred and ninety-eight)

QUESTION NUMBER FOUR:
A- Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to
the one before it, then write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- It is annoying that Asma doesn't study hard..
I wish.
- I always spend many hours talking on the phone.
I wish .

B- Study the following pairs of sentences and answer the question below. Write the
a. I wish you wouldn't do that.
b. I wish you didn't drive very Iast.
Write down the sentence which indicates that the speaker regrets about the present
action.
.

PART FOUR:-
QUESTION NUMBER FIVE:-
A. EDITING :-
Imagine that you are an editor in the 1ordan Time. You are asked to edit the
following lines that have three mistakes. Correct the mistakes and write them down
in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

B. GUIDED WRITING :-

B- Read the information in the table below then, in your ANSWER BOOKLET, write
two sentences about the advantages of internet and television. Use the appropriate
linking words such as: and, but, too etc.

course advantages disadvantages
Internet good source oI inIormation,
way Ior education.
not always correct, not
saIe Ior children.
Television amusing, keep you connected
to the world
waste time, teaches
violence.

C:- FREE WRITNG:-
. The use oI modern technology has had signiIicant eIIects on our lives. Write
an essay about the eIIects technology has had on our lives.
. Write a composition about how technology changes our lives.

jordan has a powerIul lgal system which govrns all the individuals .

QUESTION NUMBER SIX :-

Read the following text carefully, and then in your ANSWER BOOKLET answers
all the questions that follow each text. Your answer should be based on the texts.

When we talk about animal migration we mean the movement oI an animal Irom the
place where it has been living to a diIIerent place and the return journey to that animals
original home. Most animal migrations are recurrent events which happen at certain
times oI the year. Animals usually migrate to Iind Iood or to raise their young.
Incredibly, most migrating animals Iollow the same route every year and Irom generation
to generation. Land animals may cross mountains or Iorge rivers, while birds and insects
travel extensive distances, sometimes across continents and oceans. Fish and other sea
creatures may migrate halIway round the world. For example, the grey whale can travel
as much as , kilometres.
Many animals migrate to northern regions during the northern summer because the long
summer days mean that there is always plenty oI Iood. In the autumn, when the weather
gets colder, many animals migrate south to Iind Iood and warmer weather (the southern
summer). Some animals migrate every year, doing the two journeys in one year, but
others migrate only iI they need to Iind Iood or Ior more temperate weather.

-The writer mentioned more than one reason Ior animal migration. Mention them.
- Write down the sentence which indicates that animal migration happen at a deIinite
time every year.
- According to the third paragraph. Why do animals migrate to northern regions
during northern summer?
- According to the second paragraph. What do land animals cross during their
migration?
- What does the underlined pronoun their in the Iirst paragraph reIer to?

Unit three answers Unit three answers Unit three answers Unit three answers

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB:-

a- saw red
b- put them on the blacklist
c- given the green light
d- its in black and white
e- red tape
f- out of the blue

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a)- blue.
b)- black f white.
c)- red.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

- red tape. - green light. - saw red
- black and white. - out of the blue

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

a- keep up with =
b- cut down on =
c- come up against =
d- look forward to =
e- come up with =
f- put up with =


a- !m looking forward to the summer holidays in Jordan.
b- Environmentalists are working hard to come up with new ways of saving
energy.

c- !f you want to improve your health, you should cut down on the amount of
sugar and fat you eat.
d- Ny journey to work gets worse everyday. ! dont think ! can put up with it
for much longer

- The first paper was made in China before nearly two thousand years ago.
- Yes, he was justified in this because he mentioned that paper can be made
from all kinds of materials, such as cotton fibres, grass or sugar cane.
- Cotton Iibres, grass or sugar cane.
- We can make new paper from wood pulp.
- Nearly all new paper is made from wood grown in sustainable forests.
- Environmentalists.
- Yes, the writer was justified in this because he said that paper-recycling
containers can now be found in some parts of the country and some
government agencies have begun paper recycling programmes. Also, there
is greater education in schools about the need to take care of our
environment.
- !t is not true that recycling paper saves trees. Trees are a commercially
grown long-term crop, so that when they are cut down, new ones are
planted.
- Because when trees are cut down, new ones are planted.
- For every tonne of paper used for recycling, we save , litres of
water, kwh of electricity, and reduce air pollution.
- Building, furniture making and making paper.
- Paper that is buried in the ground rots and produces methane, which
is a powerful green house gas.
- Paper that is buried in the ground rots and produces methane, which
is a powerful green house gas.
- That recycling paper saves trees.
a. Trees.
b. Paper or cardboard.
c. Paper.
d. Paper.
- Trees.


a False: paper can be made from various different materials
b False: it can only be recycled four or five times
c False:
d True


materials.
sustainable forests.
household waste.
environment.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB:-

a- criticism f annoyance b- regret c- regret d- regret
e- criticism f annoyance.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . S SS SB BB B: :: :- -- -

a- c b- e c- b d- d
e- a

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

- ! wish it was cooler.
- ! wish they would drive more slowly.
- ! wish they were cleaner.

An An An Answer swer swer swer, , , , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
b- ! wish my brother wouldnt spend so many hours on the phone.
c- ! wish ! wasnt so shy about talking in public.
d- ! wish newspapers and magazines didn't contain so many adverts.
e- ! wish you wouldnt eat so quickly.
f- ! wish ! wasnt such a slow reader.
g- ! wish we could spend much more time together.
h- ! wish the city centre wasnt so busy this morning.
i- He wishes he could find his keys.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB:-

b- ! wish ! was better at maths.
c- ! wish Hani spoke more slowly.
d- ! wish ! could speak French.
e- ! wish you didnt always lose things.
f- ! wish we didnt have to start work so early tomorrow morning.
g- ! wish going to the theatre wasnt so expensive.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise, , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a ! wish ! could sing better.
b ! wish ! wasnt feeling so tired this morning.
c ! wish my friend would give me my CD back.
d ! wish it wasnt so hot today.f ! wish it was cooler today.
e ! wish ! could remember where ! left the newspaper.
f ! wish she would turn her music down.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise, , , , page page page page . . . . TB TB TB TB: :: :- -- -

- ! wish there werent so many adverts on television.
- ! wish they would collect rubbish more often in our city.
- ! wish ! were better in maths.
- ! wish ! could read more quickly.


Exerci Exerci Exerci Exercise se se se , , , , page page page page . .. .SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

Waste and recycling
Key facts Key facts Key facts Key facts
During the year , . million tonnes oI household waste was recycled.
This is almost twice the amount oI waste recycled in the year .
Five diIIerent types oI waste were measured: Paper, Glass, Green waste, Metal,
and Other materials.
In the Iirst year oI the survey, more paper and card was recycled than any other
material, but by -, Green waste was the largest component with about
percent oI the total.
In , the second largest component was Metal, percent, then Glass,
percent.
There was also an increase in the amount oI Other materials recycled.

Writing Writing Writing Writing

* * * * Report Report Report Report : :: :- -- -
Useful Language Useful Language Useful Language Useful Language Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning
X percent oI waste material was recycled /
burnt / buried in a landIill site
lj: lo go V8 ;: J 8o
ljla. uSo q8 ...
he main method oI getting rid oI waste in
Greece is ...
q8 Va _o l>.l ,,: ajb
q l:g, .....
OI all the countries, Greece buries the most
waste in landIill sites.
_ _,; _o ljla. bo _8: l:g,
ljla. uSo q8 .
Austria burns percent oI its waste, whereas
Luxembourg burns percent.
l,.a : % ljla. _o lo.,;
: g;og .%
In comparison with Austria, Finland recycles ...
halI / a quarter / twice /
lo. go :lao q8 m: j: ,: .l.8 J
g; J m ...
three times as much / much more / less ... l :V: J . J _8 ...

Percentage of Recycled Materials Percentage of Recycled Materials Percentage of Recycled Materials Percentage of Recycled Materials
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
year 2009
year 2008

Write a short report containing information shown in the bar chart Write a short report containing information shown in the bar chart Write a short report containing information shown in the bar chart Write a short report containing information shown in the bar chart
above above above above. .. .


below below below below. .. .
Recycling Materials in Recycling Materials in Recycling Materials in Recycling Materials in 2008 2008 2008 2008
Glass; 32;
33%
Metal;
36; 38%
paper;
28; 29%
Glass
Metal
paper

year 2009;
Glass; 44; 35%
year 2009;
Metal; 42; 33%
year 2009;
paper; 41; 32%
Glass
Metal
paper


ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE ENGLISH LANGUAGE GUIDE
TEL TEL TEL TEL


Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

climate weather conditions in an area over a period oI time
l.o
cultivate to use land Ior growing crops
_j
dust dry powder made oI very small piece oI earth
l;c
erode to destroy slowly
_l.j J >j
graze to put animals in a Iield so that they can eat the
grass
_cj
soil what plants need to grow in
;:
survive to stay alive
g>.j J ,8 _lc _a;j
l,
wildfire Iire that spreads very quickly
l;ln @:>

Important words from the text Important words from the text Important words from the text Important words from the text: :: :- -- -

word word word word meaning meaning meaning meaning word word word word meaning meaning meaning meaning
desertification
:
result
>,.:
process
,loc
poor
_>lo >o
productive
l.:$ 8
unproductive --- ,--
suffer
q:lj
overgraze
:l> qc
occur
j
permanently
:
climate
l.o
effect
,::
harsh
l> qal8
erode
_l:
grazing
,alo qc
blow
uj J mj
depend
o.j
layer
a;b
survive
l,> _a;j
conditions
b
proportion
;:
wildfires
l;lc @:>
population
lS
pressure
n
overcultivate
:l> c
resources
lo

The spread of the desert The spread of the desert The spread of the desert The spread of the desert
DesertiIication, which is the process in which productive land changes into desert, is an
increasingly serious problem in over a hundred countries oI the world. One billion people,
out oI a total world population oI six billion, suIIer Irom its eIIects.
. g l;c _c ,lo q. g.: l; V >..o _ q lSao
,b> _Sa; j_.o q8 :I _o l.o q8 l . ,lo l _o l. _o go>o l
g .a l,lo g:lj _o o,:: .

DesertiIication usually occurs in dry areas where there is no rain and where the climate is
harsh. In these places, the top layer oI soil is destroyed so that the land can no longer be
used Ior growing crops or grazing animals. This means that people who depend on the land
Ior Iood have to move to greener areas in order to survive. A proportion oI the population
may survive by moving, but others may die because oI shortages oI Iood and water.
. lc j q8 @bl.o 8l> C,> V >gj bo C,> V l.o qal8 . q8 o
oV l _ a;b l,l o: O j l.Soo Vn.a c _,lo qc l:g, .
q.j ; l. _j o.j _lc V q8 lb u>j gl>j _ @bl.o "
> " qS ga;j l,> . ;: _o lS lo; g>.: _,>l; _S >I lo; g:goj u;;
a: lb lo .

Although natural changes in the climate oIten start the process, the activities oI human
beings are oIten the real cause oI desertiIication. Because there are growing numbers oI
people to Ieed, Iarmers tend to overcultivate their land, with the result that the soil
becomes poor and unproductive. Other Iarmers overgraze their land and this permanently
kills oII grass and other plants. In addition to the eIIects oI Iarming, deIorestation the
cutting down oI trees also erodes the soil.
_lc c _o ,n. ,,;b q8 l.o l;lc ;: ,lo lbla: a; l;lc q
u; qa,a .l . :V >gj c j_.o _o l. .j olb gc_o gl,oj
_ nl;o q8 c , loo j _ ;. ;: ,a8 ,c >..o . gc_o
>I gnl;j q8 qc , _Sa; : _.aj ua l:l;: > . ; l $ 8l _
,:: c_ . gb8 >a lj oj ;. .

Trees are usually cut down to make more agricultural land, but once there are no longer
trees and plants on an area oI land, there is nothing to stop the wind and rain Irom blowing
or washing away the top layer oI soil. The dust which this produces can travel long
distances and aIIect the health oI people living in cities thousands oI kilometres away.
l>aV lc a: gb @l>. ,c > l. V >gj l:l;: l>a q8 ab.o q8
V V >gj qa m8gj j bo _o m > ,; _lc a;b l,l ;.l .
l;n :l. g,b.j _a..j l8lo ljgb :j _lc l. _j ga,j
q8 o VV S .ogl, ,; .

But this is not the end oI the story: desertiIication can create conditions which produce
strong winds and dangerous wildIires and this leads to even greater pressure on the Earths
most precious resource, water.
_S Ol: u, jl: a : . g,b.j @l>j b q. ..: lj jg8 @:>
l:l : _ n j_.o _lc go _o:V _lc V lo .

Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Critical Thinking: :: :- -- -
. In some parts oI AIrica, desert areas are becoming green again. What can be done to
slow down the process oI desertiIication and speed up this greening process?
. DesertiIication is the result oI human activities. Explain this statement within two
sentences.
. The huge increase in the population oI the world is one oI the reasons which cause
desertiIication. Explain this in two sentences.
- DesertiIication is the real cause oI human activities. Explain this statement within
two sentences.

. According to the Iirst paragraph. What does the word desertiIication mean?
. According to the Iirst paragraph. The writer mentioned a serious problem that
millions oI people suIIer Irom it. What is the problem?
. According to the Iirst paragraph. How many people suIIer Irom desertiIication
eIIects?
. According to the text. How many countries suIIer Irom desertiIication?
. According to the Iirst paragraph. The writer mentioned that there are many
countries suIIer Irom desertiIication. Explain this statement? JustiIy your answer?
. According to the second paragraph. Where does desertiIication happen?

. The writer mentioned more than one area that allows desertiIication happen.
Realize these two areas?
. According to the second paragraph. How does desertiIication happen / occur?
. According to the second paragraph. The writer mentioned more than one reason
that we use land Ior, mention them.
. According to the second paragraph. What does desertiIication mean to the
people who depend on the land?
. According to the second paragraph. What will happen to the people who
depend on the land which suIIer Irom desertiIication?
. According to the second paragraph. What will happen to the people who
moved to greener areas?
. According to the third paragraph. There are two reasons Ior desertiIication.
Mention them.
. According to the third paragraph. There are two causes oI desertiIication,
mention them.
. According to the text. How does the process oI desertiIication begin?
. According to the third paragraph. What is the bad eIIect oI the growing
number oI people who need more Iood?
. According to the third paragraph. What are the bad activities oI Iarmers that
exhaust the land?
. According to the text. Why do Iarmers usually cut down the trees?
. According to the third paragraph. What is the eIIect that cutting down trees
have on the environment?
. According to the last paragraph. What are the bad conditions brought by
desertiIication?
. According to the last paragraph. What are the eIIects oI the desertiIication has
on the environment?
. Quote the sentence which indicates that strong winds and wildIires have a bad
eIIect on the Earth's resources?
. What do the underlined pronouns reIer to
"its" line "" reIers to
"their" line "" reIers to
" their " line "" reIers to
"this" line "" reIers to
" this " line "" reIers to


Read the article again, then match each sentence beginning ad with the correct ending
.
Beginnings Beginnings Beginnings Beginnings
a- A sixth oI the worlds population ...
b- Severe climatic conditions ...
c- II the top layer oI soil is destroyed ...
d People who cannot escape Irom desert areas ...

Endings Endings Endings Endings
- ... can destroy the top layer oI soil.
- ... is aIIected by the problem oI desertiIication.
- ... are in danger oI dying Irom starvation.
- ... the land cannot be used Ior Iarming.

Complete this text with appropriate words from the list below.
( average, cloudy, cold, crops, season, dry, hot, lightning, rain,
stormy, sunny, weather)
Word Word Word Word Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Word Word Word Word Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning
average o cloudy :lc
cold l; crops _,lo
season _8 dry l>
hot l> lightening ;
rain bo stormy mlc
sunny _oao weather _ab

How is climate different from weather How is climate different from weather How is climate different from weather How is climate different from weather? ?? ?
Weather is what happens to the air and the atmosphere outside. It may be cold or ()
, wet or () . It can be calm or ()
, clear or () . The atmosphere changes depending
on whether its rainy or ()... . Thunder and ()
are also part oI weather.
Climate, on the other hand, is the () weather in a particular place
over a long period oI time. A place where it doesnt ()
over many years has a dry climate. A place with low
temperatures Ior most oI the year has a () climate. Here in
Jordan we celebrate wet weather because we need the rain. InIormation about climate is

useIul Ior () Iorecasting. It also helps Iarmers to know when it is the best
time to plant their ()

Prefixes Prefixes Prefixes Prefixes: :: :- -- - mis mis mis mis- -- - , , , , re re re re- -- -
A prefix A prefix A prefix A prefix is a word or group of letters which is added to the beginning of a word and
changes its meaning.
Example Example Example Example: misunderstand to Iail to understand something correctly. (mis means wrongly.)

Prefix Prefix Prefix Prefix Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning Examples Examples Examples Examples
re- again, back redo, rewrite, revise,
mis- wrongly or badly misunderstand, misbehave, misconduct

Match the two preIixes ab below with these meanings:
( again, wrongly or badly )
a- re-
- I spilt tea on my homework, so I had to rewrite it.
- During the storm, three houses were destroyed and had to be rebuilt.
b- mis-
- I misheard you. I thought you said wed meet at oclock.
- The children were very good. None oI them misbehaved in any way.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise, , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list.
( mishear, reorganize, misuse, redo )
a- Im sorry, I . you. I thought you said youd preIer tea.
b- I did my homework too quickly, so the teacher asked me to it.
c- As we have some new employees, we will have to .. our oIIice.
d- II you the equipment, it will not work properly.


Explanations and results Explanations and results Explanations and results Explanations and results
We use the Iollowing words and phrases to introduce explanations:

- in order to + infinitive:
Some people move to greener areas in order to survive.

- because + clause:
We need to produce more food because there are more people to feed.
Because there are more people to feed, we need to produce more food

- to + infinitive:
Trees are cut down to make more agricultural land.

We use the Iollowing words and phrases to link actions with results (causes and
effects):

- so that + clause:
The soil is destroyed so that the land cannot be used for growing crops.

- to be the cause of:
The activities of human beings are often the real cause of desertification.

- with the result that + clause:
Farmers tend to overcultivate their land, with the result that the soil becomes
unproductive.

- to lead to:
Wildfires can lead to greater pressure on the Earths most precious resource: water.

Which words or phrases in these sentences from the article introduce explanations?
a- Some people move to greener areas in order to survive.
b- Because there are growing numbers oI people to Ieed, Iarmers tend to overcultivate
their land.
c- Trees are usually cut down to make more agricultural land.


Which words or phrases in these sentences from the article link an action with a
result?
a- ... the top layer oI soil is destroyed so that the land can no longer be used Ior growing
crops ...
b- ... the activities oI human beings are oIten the real cause oI desertiIication.
c- ... Iarmers tend to overcultivate their land, with the result that the soil becomes poor and
unproductive.
d- ... this leads to even greater pressure on the Earths most precious resource, water.

Complete these sentences using one of the words or phrases from the list. More than
one answer may be possible.

( because, in order to, so that, to, with the result that )

a- The Amazon rainIorest has an important eIIect on the climate oI the world.
it covers such a large area.
b- Large areas oI Iorest have been cut down, ... the soil is now dry and dusty.
c- The rainIorest has been cut down .. make more
Iarmland.
d- Farmers need more land they can grow more Soya
beans.
e- Loggers cut down trees . sell the wood.

Complete sentences a Complete sentences a Complete sentences a Complete sentences a g with one of these words g with one of these words g with one of these words g with one of these words. .. .
( because, in order to, so that, in order not to )

a- In the Iuture, sea levels will rise.. the polar ice is melting.
b -People are cutting down Iorests... have more land Ior growing Iood.
c- Many people recycle their rubbish.. use up the worlds resources.
d- Scientists are trying to produce new Iuels.. people can continue to
use their cars without damaging the environment.
e-Some people are moving out oI their homes on the coast .escape
Iuture Iloods.
f- We should stop burning coal and oil ....cause more global
warming.
g -Scientists are worried about climate change. it is a threat to liIe on
Earth.

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Answer these questions using the words in brackets and one of these words or
phrases:
( because, in order to, so that, to)

a- Why didnt Fatima go to school yesterday? (feel ill)
.... .
b- Why did you go to the post oIIice? (buy stamps)
.. .
c- Why did Sultan go to the airport? (meet his brother, Khaled)
.. .
d- Why do people write things in their diaries? (not forget important things)
.
e- Why was Omars letter so diIIicult to read? (write very quickly)
. .. .

Reason Reason Reason Reason / / / / Result Result Result Result
Because Because Because Because. ( . ( . ( . ( S S S S + + + + V V V V ) )) )
- Because he was sick, he went to hospital.
He went to hospital because he was sick.
- Because she was poor, she didn't go to university.
She didn't go to university because she was poor.

because of _ because _o _jg.
- Because he was sick, he went to hospital.
- Because oI his sickness, he went to hospital.

Subject Subject Subject Subject + + + + Verb Verb Verb Verb Noun Noun Noun Noun Verb Verb Verb Verb
- because
- so that
- with the result
that
- to be the cause of
- to lead to
- in order to.
- in order not to
- to

- He was ill.
He went to hospital.
.(because)

- Malek bought satellite, so that he could watch the Spanish league.
Malek bought satellite in order to .. .

- Ahmad studied hard. He passed the exam.

Because.. .
. so that . .

- They cancelled the trip.
It was very cold.
...... .(because)
- I wrote the explanation on the paper so that I could tell it to the students.
.. in order to .. .

- We can't go to see the Iilm.
We have an examination.
. (because)

- We went late
It was raining.
. .(because)
- Both oI you are wrong.
You should apologize to each other.
.. . (because)

- Ahmad trains regularly in order to win.
.. so that

- They boasted all the time.
No one likes them.
. . (because)
- They cancelled the meeting.
It was snowing.
..... . (because)
- Zaid took part in the programme.
He won the prize.
. . (because)
- Ali trained regularly in order to win.
. so that .
- Mohammad won't come tomorrow.
Mohammad doesn't have a car.
............................ . (because)

Important words from the text Important words from the text Important words from the text Important words from the text: :: :- -- -

consumption the eating or drinking oI something V.a
devastating very destructive oo
export send something Ior sale in another country j
global aIIecting the whole world qolc
illegal against the law q:g:l8 ,c
tool a piece oI equipment Ior doing a particular job

Feeding chickens is Feeding chickens is Feeding chickens is Feeding chickens is destroying the climate destroying the climate destroying the climate destroying the climate
The rainIorest oI the Amazon region oI Brazil in South America covers Iive percent oI the
worlds land surIace and is home to at least percent oI the worlds animals and plants.
The area is also the home oI , people Irom about diIIerent tribes who live deep
in the Iorest. The rainIorest itselI is an important environment but, because oI its size and
location, it also plays a vital part in controlling the worlds climate. It does this by taking
in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
l;lc loV bo , q8 _j; q8 lSjo ,;g.> qbn: % _o ba V q8
l q . >a _o , _bgo ; % _lc _8V _o l:g,> l:l;: l
ab.o lj l.bgo qg> l,;8 al.>o _j ga,j q8 loc ;ln . ;ln
bo , q la: .,; oo _S u;; lo>> l8go l:8 lj ul: loo q8
b, _lc l.o l . l: _a: _o V> > q:l: , g;S Vb
V _,> .

Recently, however, large areas oI the Amazon rainIorest have been cut down to make
more land Ior Iarmers. In the last three years, Ior example, , square kilometres have
been destroyed this is the same as six Iootball pitches every minute. Much oI this
destruction, which leaves the land dry and dusty, is illegal.
>o go O o @bl. o> _o l;lc loV bo , : lb8 _o ,c
. _,c_ol . q8 > V: g.a _lc _,;a l.o , gl .o g;o : l,o:
O: o: ua ucVo 8 _ a,8 . lo .j V 8l> ;no _oc
,c q:g:l8 .

Farmers use most oI the new land to grow soya beans, which they export to other parts
oI the world to be used as animal Iood. Millions oI chickens in western European countries
are Ied on South American soya beans. Increasingly, some soya beans are also being
turned into Iood Ior human consumption; many vegetarian Ioods are based on soya beans.
ljg g8 c_ j> V bo gln.j gc_o l: _ :j
l:g,l lb >., l _o > . ml: ,;n l; l; q8 _> _,jVo
,;g.> lSjo _o la ljg g8 _lc . j_.o _Sa; lj .j ljg g8 _;
_ ljg: a; V.aV lb log8 j> obV _o j ) lala { g8
ljg

Other areas oI the rainIorest are cleared by ranchers who use the land Ior their cattle, by
loggers who sell the valuable tropical hardwood Irom the trees they cut down, or by oil
companies who are trying to Iind more oil. These activities help to improve the economy
oI the region, but at the expense oI the Iuture oI the global environment.
:lba lgln., qago _o l lcaj ,bo ;ln _o > _> _c
@jb l:gbaj q. l>aV _o _,o. q:g.aV ua> g,;j _,;la>
a. _o j_o >: l: q. a. la @jb _c . _lc cl: lbla. o
ab.o l.8 _,: ,ol .,; _;a.o l> _lc _S .

In addition to destroying ancient Iorests and changing the worlds climate, deIorestation
is having a devastating eIIect on native populations who are dependent on the rainIorest Ior
everything they need, Irom Iood and tools to medicines and shelter.
l.o ,,n: oja l;ln ,o: u:l> _ l lS _lc oo : . l8
:g>l.j qa _ q8 ,bo ;ln _lc o.j _j _,,lV lb _o
o jV _ o .

- According to the Iirst paragraph, how many diIIerent groups oI people live in the
South American rainIorest?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, what make the rainIorest oI the Amazon special?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, what characteristics that made the rainIorest oI the
Amazon special?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, who lives deep in the Iorest?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, how many people live in the rainIorest?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, how does rainIorest play a signiIicant part in
controlling the world's climate?

- According to the Iirst paragraph, how does rainIorest play a vital part in controlling
the world's climate?
- According to the Iirst paragraph, how does rainIorest play an important part in
controlling the world's climate?
- According to the second paragraph, why large areas oI rainIorest have been cut
down?
- According to the second paragraph, what eIIect have cutting down oI the
rainIorest have on the land?
- According to the third paragraph. How do Iarmers use the new land?
- According to the third paragraph, why do people use Soya beans?
- The writer mentioned two main usages Ior soya beans, mention them.
- According to the text, what is used as animal Iood?
- According to the text, who grow soya beans?
- According to the text, the writer mentioned cutting down trees help to
improve the economy oI the region, but at the expense oI the Iuture oI the global
environment. Do you agree with this?
- What does the underlined pronouns reIer to
" its " line reIers to .
" its " line reIers to .
" it " line reIers to .
" this " line reIers to .
" they " line reIers to .
" their " line reIers to .
" they " line reIers to .

Read the article again and match each beginning ad with one of the endings -
.There is one more ending than you need.
a- Nearly a third oI the worlds animals and plants ...
b The rainIorest has an important inIluence on ...
c- Extra Iarming land is created when ...
d- Vegetarians, as well as animals, ...

- ... areas oI the rainIorest are cut down.
- ... are Iound in the Amazon rainIorest.
- ... consume soya beans.
- ... use the land Ior their cattle.
- ... the Earths climate.

Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise, , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -
Choose the best word to complete these sentences.
a- A country where the sun always shines has a dry climate / weather.
b- You Ieel cold when the temperature is high / low.
c- When there is no wind, we say the weather is calm / stormy.
d- Farmers listen to the climate / weather Iorecast to decide when to harvest their crops.

Unit four answers Unit four answers Unit four answers Unit four answers

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

a- b- c- d-


- hot - dry - stormy - cloudy
- sunny - lightning - average - rain - cold
- weather - crops


a- again b- wrongly or badly

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise, , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a- misheard b- redo c- reorganise d- misuse


a- in order to b- Because c- to make {i.e. the infinitive)


a- so that ... b- {are) the real cause of
c- with the result that d- this leads to

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , exercise exercise exercise exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a- because b- with the result that c- to J in order to
d- so that e- to J in order to

a- Fatima didnt go to school yesterday because she felt f was feeling
ill.
b- ! went to the post office to buy f in order to buy f because ! wanted
to buy stamps f so that ! could buy stamps.
c- Sultan went to the airport to meet f in order to meet f because he
had to meet f so that he could meet his brother Khaled.
d- People write things in their diaries because they dont want to f so
that they dont f in order not to f forget important things.
e- Omars letter was difficult to read because he wrote it f had written
it very quickly.

Answer Answer Answer Answer: :: :- -- - reason reason reason reason / / / / Result Result Result Result

. They cancelled the trip because it was very cold.
. ! wrote the explanation on the paper in order to tell it to the students.
. We cant go to see the film because we have an exam.
. We went late because it was raining.
. You should apologize to each other because both of you are wrong.
. Ahmad trains regularly so that he can win.
. No one likes them because they boasted all the time.
. They cancelled the meeting because it was snowing.
. Zaid won the prize because he took part in the programme
. Ali trained regularly so that he could win.
. Nohammad wont come tomorrow because he doesnt have a car.

Answer Answer Answer Answer: :: :- -- - complete sentences a complete sentences a complete sentences a complete sentences a g with one of these words g with one of these words g with one of these words g with one of these words. .. .

- because -in order to - in order not to
- so that - in order to - in order not to
- because


a- b- c- d-
Ending is not needed.

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, , exercise exercise exercise exercise, , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

a- climate b- low c- calm d- weather
Questions Questions Questions Questions, , , , page page page page : :: :- -- -
- The process in which productive land changes into desert.
- Desertification.
- One billion people.
- Over a hundred countries.
- This mean that there are more than one hundred countries suffer from
desertification effects, moreover: the writer mentioned that people who live
in these countries or not may suffer from desertification effects because he
mentioned that there is one billion people suffer from its effects.
- Desertification happens f occurs in dry places.
- !n areas where there is no rain and where the climate is harsh.
- By destroying the top layer of the soil.
- We use it for growing crops and grazing animals.
- This means that they have to move to greener areas in order to
survive.
- This means that they have to move to greener areas in order to
survive.
- They have to move in order to survive.
- A- Natural changes in the climate. B- The activities of human beings.
- Natural changes in the climate.
- Farmers overcultivate their land, and other farmers overgraze their
land also because there is growing number of people to feed.
- Farmers overcultivate their land, and other farmers overgraze their
land also because there is growing number of people to feed.
- To make more agricultural land for framers.
- This erodes the soil and causes dust.
- A- Strong wind. B- Dangerous wildfire.
- A- Strong wind. B- Dangerous wildfire.
- Desertification can create conditions which produce strong winds and
dangerous wildfires and this leads to even greater pressure on the Earths most
precious resource, water.
- - Desertification.
- Farmers.
- Farmers.

- Cutting down trees.

- Wildfires.
Questio Questio Questio Question nn n, , , , page page page page . .. .

- different tribes.
- A- !t covers five percent of the worlds land surface. B- !t is the home to at
least percent of the worlds animals and plants.
- A- !t covers five percent of the worlds land surface. B- !t is the home to at
least percent of the worlds animals and plants.
- The original people of that area.
- . people.
- !t does this by taking carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
- Because of its size and location.
- Leaves the land dry and dusty.
- To make more land for farmers.
- They grow Soya beans.
- !t is used as animal food and for human consumption.
- !t is used as animal food and for human consumption.
- Soya beans.
- Farmers.
- Student answer.
- - rainforest.
- rainforest.
- rainforest.
-
- Farmers.
- ranchers.
- loggers.
- native population.


A whole planet under glass A whole planet under glass A whole planet under glass A whole planet under glass
The Eden Project, which opened in the year , is a living plant museum in the
countryside in the south-west oI England. It is a very popular attraction and millions oI
visitors come every year to see plants Irom all over the world growing in this special
environment.
ao ) c { lc ..8 l,:lbj; c g.> mj q8 gaj ,> l:l;. m.o g
l l: ml.>o _o l:l;: j lc _ g:j _ _,jVo > > q>l,a g8go :
l> .,; o q8 go.: .

Some plants grow outside, but many are in specially-built domes, called biomes,
where the temperature and humidity are careIully controlled. The biomes are like giant
greenhouses and one, the Humid Tropics biome, is the largest greenhouse in the world.
It is over m high and m long and contains many thousands oI exotic plants not
Iound in England.
l> q8 _: l:l;. _; _o: l,> u,.; l;8 u: _j l.o j _S
) _og,; { l;8 8; lb;: ;gb C,> ) _og,; { ,>l>_ g,; ;a:
l> 8Vo ,:g.aV ;gb ;8 q l q8 q>l> u,; > ;.:
_o . lcla: lgb V q. ;j l:l;. _o VV _o j _lc g.:
l,:lbj; q8 >g: .

One oI the purposes oI the project is to show how dependent human beings are on
plants and to educate people on the importance oI preserving our natural environment.
Aside Irom the plant liIe, the Eden Project has Iascinating interactive exhibits Ior

people oI all ages. Many oI the visitors are groups oI school children and the Eden
Project combines educational value with scientiIic interest and a huge variety oI
spectacular plant liIe.
ba> ,o _lc l. ,l: l:l;. _lc a; lo.c l,; g ao >
,,;b l...,; l;. l,> ,c ao l8 ) c { _o l.l g.ao >la qlcla: o
locV _ . ao o labV _o lcgo>o _Sa _lc g:gSj _ _o j
) c { go>j : l;. l, > g.. ,ol lolo.V jg;. ,a _,; .

. According to the text. When did Eden project open?
. According to the text. What does Eden project concern about?
. According to the text .Where does Eden project locate?
. According to the text .What Iacts show that Eden project is a successIul project?
. According to the Iirst paragraph. What shows that Eden project is popular?
. According to the second paragraph. What are the Iacts related to biomes?
. According to the second paragraph. What makes biomes similar to greenhouse?
. According to the text .What is the largest biome?
. According to the text .What are the Ieatures oI the Humid Tropic biomes?
. According to the text. What is the main purpose oI the project?
. What do the underlined pronouns / relative pronouns reIer to .


Word Word Word Word Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning
display show, exhibition bj
environmentalist someone who tries to protect the environment .,;l; _,o.o
exotic unusual, Ioreign
_,> ga jc ga u
globe world, Earth ,V S
protect to stop harm or damage _oj gj
structure building _.;o
temperate not too hot or too cold l.o .o
waterfall a Ilow oI water Irom a river or stream Ialling
Irom a height
Va lo ao

Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective + + + + prepositions prepositions prepositions prepositions: :: :- -- -

Adjective with preposition Meanings
dependent on _lc o.o
interested in ; .o
keen on ; no J ; ggo
diIIerent from _c ml.>o
Iull of ; qlo
aware of o
Iamous for ; .aj
satisIied with ; g..ao
built on _lc q.;

Complete these sentences with the correct prepositions from the list. You will need
to use some prepositions more than once.

(for, from, in, of, on, with)
a- Human beings are dependent ....... plants.
b- While she was at the Eden Project one girl became very interested . biology.
c- Ive never been keen museums.
d- The Eden Project is quite diIIerent a normal museum.
e- On wet days the biomes are Iull . visitors sheltering Irom the rain.
f- Visiting the Eden Project makes you aware . the importance oI plants.
g- The Eden Project is particularly Iamous .. its huge biomes.
h- Its expensive to get into the Eden Project, but we were very satisIied .. our
visit.

Complete these sentences by adding the correct prepositions.

(for, from, in, of, on, with)
a Oranges are a diIIerent colour ................... lemons.
b Plants and animals are dependent ................... a regular supply oI water.
c The Jordanian people are aware ................... the need to protect their wildliIe.
d Al Ain is Iamous ................... its watering system.
e Many people are interested ................... the Iuture oI endangered animals.


Choose the correct preposition in these sentences. You will need to use one of the
words twice.
( for, in, of, on )
a- Some people are not aware ..the diIIerence between a Iruit and a vegetable.
b- Im really interested the history oI my Iamily.
c- Apples and bananas are dependent Ior their survival ..greenhouse gases.
d- Modern Amman is built ...the site oI many ancient civilizations.
e- Amman is Iamous. its Roman remains.

Complete these sentences with the correct preposition.
a- Cactuses depend .... their thorns to protect them.
b- The acacia tree is Iamous .. being protected by ants. This makes it
diIIerent . most ordinary plants.
c- Ive always been interested plants and trees, but Im not keen ..
insects.
d- My Encyclopedia of Nature is Iull interesting Iacts about plants

Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar: :: :- -- - Explaining possibilities Explaining possibilities Explaining possibilities Explaining possibilities

We use modal verbs must, cant and might to explain possible truths.
We use must + infinitive or must have + past participle to talk about things which
we are almost sure are true:
He must earn quite a lot of money to be able to afford that car.
They must have come from somewhere hot like Africa.
We use cant + infinitive or cant have + past participle to talk about things which
we are almost sure are not true:
It cant be easy designing and building bridges theyre complicated structures.
They cant have finished their lunch already they only started eating five minutes
ago.
We use might + infinitive or might have + past participle when we are unsure
whether something is true or not:
She might be French she has a strange accent.
Hes not usually this late he might have got stuck in heavy traffic.

Summary :-

Modal Modal Modal Modal Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners
must sure, absolutely, certainly
can't sure, absolutely, certainly
might not sure, unsure, perhaps, probable, possible, may

What are the differences in meaning between these pairs of sentences? Match the
sentences in each pair with one of the meanings given.
a It cant be an interesting place to work.
It must be an interesting place to work.
You Ieel sure it is.
You Ieel sure it isnt.
b The crowds might have spoiled it Ior me.
The crowds might spoil it Ior me.
You think it is possible in the Iuture.
You think it was possible in the past.
c Some people might have come Irom AIrica.
Some people must have come Irom AIrica.
You think it was possible.
You Ieel sure it was possible.


Write sentences to explain these situations, using the words in brackets in your
answers.
a- The phone is ringing its probably your brother. He usually rings at this time.
(It might ...)
It might be my brother he usually rings at this time.
b- Someones ringing your doorbell. Youre sure its the postman he always comes at
this time. (It must ...)
. .
c- Theres an important Iootball match in your town tonight. You think the roads will
probably be very busy. (The roads might ...)
. .
d- Your Iriend said she would phone you, but she hasnt. You are sure she has not
Iorgotten. (She cant ...)
..... .
e- Someone waves to you Irom a car. It looks like your Iriends Iathers car. (It might
...)
.
f- Your sister has worked very hard. You Ieel sure that she has got good grades in her
exams. (She must ...)
.
g- You hear a car approaching, but you know it isnt your uncles car because it doesnt
sound the same. (It cant ...)
. .
h- A new building is going up in your neighborhood. You think it is probably a school.
(They might ...)
.. .

Exerci Exerci Exerci Exercise se se se , , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Write sentences which explain the following situations. Include the words given
and a modal verb in your explanations.
a- Faisals car lights were on all night. (Faisal / forget / switch off)
Faisal must have forgotten to switch the lights off.
b- Sultans looking at the engine oI his car. (break down)
.
c- Rabab has a very good English accent. (live / English family)
... .
d- Tareq wants to be a teacher when he graduates Irom university. (very interested in /
education)
. .
e- Ali has just drunk two litres oI water. (thirsty)
..

Our Visit to Wadi Rum Our Visit to Wadi Rum Our Visit to Wadi Rum Our Visit to Wadi Rum
Hisham and I have just got home Irom a three-day visit to Wadi Rum. It was only a
short visit but I will remember it Iorever. Wadi Rum is an open space between high
rocks and mountains. Tourists visit the area to see the beautiIul scenery.
We arrived on Tuesday evening and the Iirst thing we did was set up our camp. The
sky was very clear and at night we could see millions oI stars. The next morning was
very hot but we had to walk up to the top oI the valley. We saw cave paintings and
ancient buildings made by the Nabataeans, who also built Petra. The huge rocks there
were amazing some were hundreds oI metres high.
The next day was another scorching hot day and we went to Jabal Rum, the second
highest point in Jordan. It was incredible to be able to see all across Jordan. As the sun
went down over the desert, we saw the rocks slowly change colour, Irom a dark red to
pink and purple. It was an amazing sight I will never Iorget.

How plants protect themselves from their How plants protect themselves from their How plants protect themselves from their How plants protect themselves from their
Enemies Enemies Enemies Enemies


seed a small, hard part oI a plant Irom which a new plant
can grow
;
thorn a sharp pointed part that grows on a plant, e.g. a rose ga
trunk the main part or large stem oI a tree la l;.

It may seem very strange, but plants are always in danger Irom animals which want to
Ieed on them. II this happens, the plant can be damaged or even killed. So, because
their roots, trunks, leaves, Ilowers, Iruits and seeds are under constant attack Irom
mammals, insects or birds, plants have developed ways oI protecting themselves Irom
these enemies. Here are some oI the ways plants stop animals Irom attacking and eating
them.
l;jc oV ;j 8 l,lc n.: j: q. l:g, _o b>l c lo: l:l;. _S .
> lo go: _.> o: .;.l _Soj l8 l > > l V
g,b a l,j. _;8 _o o.o g> b> u: ; ga O
cV o _o la: jlo _:la gb l:l;. . q. _:lag _; qlj lo,8
ll l.o>lo _o l:g, g.o: l.bag; .
Sharp thorns and stings
Some plants which grow in dry climates, Ior example cactuses, store large quantities oI
water in their stems. To protect themselves, they have sharp thorns. Animals will hurt
themselves iI they try to get to the water Irom these plants. Other plants, like stinging
nettles, can inject painIul or irritating substances into their enemies by means oI the
sharp hairs on their leaves.
8l> l>l.o q8 go.: q. l:l;. _; l.o _,;a _lc _o ,; l,o _>:
l:la,a q8 lo la: qo. l> lga l l8 lo la: l:g, .a
l:l;. o _o lo _lc g ul> > l:l;: aV lj; _.o _Soj
" _a: " l8 _lc l> a bag; l:c l> q8 >,o oo go .

Poison
There are many plants which protect themselves by poisoning their enemies. In some
cases the poison they contain is so powerIul that it can kill any living thing which
touches or eats them. The poison can be in the leaves, the seeds or berries, or in other
parts oI the plant.

l:c ,o.; la: qo: l:l;. _o j l. . gSj Vl _; q8
llj lolj q> qa _.8 g,b.j : > > g8 lo: . oj gSj _S
o. ; V q8 .;. _o > _> q8 .

Insects
Some acacia trees in hot AIrican countries are protected by ants which live permanently
on their branches. II an animal starts to eat the trees leaves, the ants attack it.
a
_lc : _Sa; _,j _o. l,oj l ,aj8$ l; q8 l,alV l>a _;
l:lc . >a _; ; g,> lo o>lj _o. l8 .

Sticky gum
Some plants, such as horse chestnut trees, are covered with a sticky substance, like wet
paint, which can prevent insects Irom eating them. Sometimes this substance is so
strong that insects Ieet or wings get stuck and they cannot escape.
_ go
l:l;. _; l..S l>a _.o >_ lo l,bn: ub l _.o a g.o:
l _o l . V @l: l..> a 8 > > jg8 gS: lo o l:l,>
l.o V8$ g,b.: .


- According to the text. Why plants have developed ways oI protecting themselves
Irom enemies?
- Why do plants need to protect themselves?
- Who are the enemies oI the plans?
- How do plants in dry climates protect themselves, and why?
- What part oI the nettle can hurt enemies?
- How do stinging nettles protect themselves?
- Where can poison be Iound in plants?
- Why do plants need to protect themselves against insects?
- How do protect acacia trees themselves?
- How do horse chestnut trees protect themselves?
- Quote the sentence which indicates that iI some plants couldn't protect
themselves they might have been extinct?
- What do the underlined pronouns reIer to
" it ' line reIers to .
" them ' line reIers to .
" this ' line reIers to .
" their ' line reIers to .
" they ' line reIers to .

Answer these questions about two of the adjectives from the article.
a- Which oI these is not sharp?
a cactus thorn a banana a kitchen kniIe broken glass a cats
tooth
b-Which oI these is not sticky?
chewing gum sugary Iood water wet paint
glue


Choose the correct phrases to complete these sentences.
a- Aubergines grow on plants / under the ground.
. .
b- Tea grows on trees / on bushes.
.
c- Dates grow on the ground / on trees.
.. .
d- Potatoes grow on the ground / under the ground.
.

Complete these sentences with similar information to that given in exercise .
a- Turnips and sweet potatoes
... .
b- Olives and lemons
... .
c- Lentils
.

Unit five answers Unit five answers Unit five answers Unit five answers

Answer Answer Answer Answer, , , , Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

- on - in - on - from - of
- of - for - with

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, ,Complete these sentences by adding the correct Complete these sentences by adding the correct Complete these sentences by adding the correct Complete these sentences by adding the correct
prepositions prepositions prepositions prepositions. .. .

- from - on - of - for - in

Answer Answer Answer Answer, ,, ,Choose the correct preposition in these sentences Choose the correct preposition in these sentences Choose the correct preposition in these sentences Choose the correct preposition in these sentences. . . . You You You You
will need to use one of the words twice will need to use one of the words twice will need to use one of the words twice will need to use one of the words twice. .. .

- of - in - on - on - for


- on - for J from - in J on - of


a- the first sentence = ; the second sentence =
b- the first sentence = ; the second sentence =
c- the first sentence = ; the second sentence =


b- It must be the postman {at the door).He always comes at this time.

c- The roads might be very busy tonight. There's an important football

match in town.
d- She cant have forgotten to phone me.
e- It might be my friends father. It looks like his car.
f- She must have got good grades in her exams. She has worked very
hard.
g- It cant be my uncles car. It doesnt have the same sound.
h- They might be building a new school.


b- Sultans J His car must have broken down.
c- Rabab J She might have lived J be living with an English family.
d- Tareq J He must be very interested in education.
e- Ali J He must have been very thirsty.


positive: incredible sight; cave paintings; view of sunset
negative: lack of time; heat


a- a banana b- water


a- on plants b- on bushes c- on trees d-
under the ground


a- Turnips and sweet potatoes grow under the ground.

b- Olives and lemons grow on trees.
c- Lentils grow on plants.
Question Question Question Question , , , , page page page page . .. .

- !n .
- Living plant museum.
- !n the countryside in southwest of England.
- Because millions of visitors come every year to see plants from all over the
world growing in this special environment.
- Because millions of visitors come every year to see plants from all over the
world growing in this special environment.
- Temperature and humidity are carefully controlled.
- Temperature and humidity are carefully controlled.
- Humid Tropic Biome.
- !t is over m high and m long and contains many thousands of exotic
plants not found in England.
- !s to show how dependent human beings are on plants and to educate
people on the importance of preserving our natural environment.
- - Eden Project.
- Eden Project.
- Biomes.
- Humid tropic biome.

Question Question Question Question, , , , page page page page . .. .
- Because they are always in danger from animals which want to feed
on them.
- Because they are always in danger from animals which want to feed
on them.
- Nammals, insects or birds.
- They have sharp thorns, because they store large quantities of water
in their stems and animals want to get to the water from them.
- The leaves.
- By sharp hair on the leaves.
- The poison can be found in the leaves, seeds or berries or in other
parts of the tree.
- Because insects wants to eat the trees leaves.
- By insects which live permanently on the trees.

- By stick gum.
- !f this happens, the plant can be damaged or even killed.
- - Plants are always in danger.
- plants.
- animal feed on plants.
- plants.
- Plants.
- cactuses.
- animals.
- stinging nettles.
- plants.
- plants.
- plants.
- plants.
-acacia trees.
-acacia trees.
-horse chestnut trees.
-insects.

The End of the First Semester The End of the First Semester The End of the First Semester The End of the First Semester
With all my best wishes With all my best wishes With all my best wishes With all my best wishes
Your Teacher Your Teacher Your Teacher Your Teacher: :: :- -- -
Shadi Ibrahim Al Shadi Ibrahim Al Shadi Ibrahim Al Shadi Ibrahim Al- -- -Deb Deb Deb Deb' '' 'I II I


Question Number Five Question Number Five Question Number Five Question Number Five : :: :- -- -
A AA A) )) )- -- -

Unit one Unit one Unit one Unit one / / / / WB WB WB WB: :: :- -- -

A)- technological criminals may get into computer systems to Iind out conIidential
inIormation. Computer crimes are oIten diIIicult to solfe than traditional krimes.

B)- criminals use computers to help them commit new crimes like identity thift and to
make it easier to commit old crimes like froud.

C)- some people use Internet website to tranzfer money .ThereIore, criminals send
viroses to damage computers and the inIormation they contain.

Unit two Unit two Unit two Unit two / / / / WB WB WB WB: :: :- -- -

A)- animals may cross mountains or fourge rivers, while birds travel extensive distances.
Fish and other sea creutures may migrate halIway round the world.

B)- most animal megratation are crent events to Iind Iood or to raize their young.

Unit two SB Unit two SB Unit two SB Unit two SB: :: :- -- -

A)- farmers emagrated because the economic situation in Ireland deterorated and in
the potato Iamene began.

B)- the economic sucess oI the s and s saw the Arabian GulI countries
transIormed into modern and wealthy states. Workers Irom many regions were able to Iind
a better liIe and help with the devilopment oI the region.

Unit three Unit three Unit three Unit three

A)- although paper can be made Irom all kind oI Materials such as cotton fiberz. These
days wood bulp is used to make new paper.

B)- although we use wood pulb Irom trees to make a new paper, it is not true recycling
paper saves trees. saves trees. It is not true that recycling paper saves trees.

C)- recycling household weste reduce air pollution, and less harmIul to the enviroment
than burying it in landfil sites.

Unit four Unit four Unit four Unit four / / / / SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

A)- the top layer oI the soil is destroyed so that the land can no longer be used Ior grasing
animals. People have to move to greener areas in order to servive.

B)- farmers exbort Soya beans to other parts oI the world to be used as animal Iood and
Ior human consamption.

Unit four / WB:-

A)- deforestation the cutting down oI trees also erdes the soel and produce dast.
DesertiIication can create conditions which produce strong winds and dangerous
wildfyres.

B)- deforestation is having a devestating eIIect on native population who are dependent
on the rainIorest Ior everything they need Irom Iood and toolz.

Unit five Unit five Unit five Unit five / / / / WB WB WB WB: :: :- -- -

A)- because the plants routs, tranks and seedz are under constant attack Irom insects or
birds, they have developed ways oI protecting themselves Irom these enemies. Some oI
them have sharp thornz.


Linking Word Linking Word Linking Word Linking Word meaning meaning meaning meaning Usage Usage Usage Usage
and - Io>I _ .l..oI lV L.I i>... .
e.g:- They shouted and laughed.
- Io>I _ ,l..oI lV L.I i>... .
e.g:- They complained about the Iood and they were
tired.
- L.I i>... i Io> _ _cl _o . .
e.g:- Aseel and the Carpenter were walking nearby.
also lj Io>I L. _ _.l. .
e.g:- BMW sold well, The Mercedes sold also well.
too lj
Io>I >l _ i>... l, Il lI. _.l, lo. .
e.g:- The match was interesting, it was oIIensive too.
in addition _ 8l$l;
Il lia. Ls. lI. _.l, lo l.Ilc _,.Io> L.I i>... .
e.g:- Cars cause a lot oI pollution. In addition they
are very dangerous.
as well as lj
,o. Io> .. la.., . Il la.., V Ls. ls.., .
e.g:- Cars cause a lot oI pollution. As well as being
dangerous.
although cl;
_cl la.., + _a . lL. Io>I ,i. _ _.l. .
e.g:- Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our
holiday.
in spite of / despite c _lc
,o. Io> .. la.., .
e.g:- In spite oI the rain, we enjoyed our holiday.
nevertheless O go
Il lia. Ls. lI. Io>I L. _ _.l. .
e.g:- The cars are useIul. Nevertheless, it causes a lot
oI pollution.
however O go
_clsI lI. _clsI , . Io>I L. _ _.l.
lia. .
_o, _clsI , l. i,i> Io> ,i. _ _.l. iI
lI. , > . lia. >oI _clsI _c .I .
e.g:- Mercedes is a comIortable car ,however, it cost
a lot.
e.g:- Mercedes is a comIortable car. However, BMW
is very luxurious car.
but _S Io>I L. _ _.l. .
e.g:- Ali is avery keen student but he doesnt study a
lot.
especially /
particularly
lg>
l;
Il lI. , Io>I L. _ _.l. _. _o,
>V lo loi .
e.g:- Teimour is a very aggressive player,
particularly when he is attacking.
for example _,;a _lc
l.o
_,.Io> _,. _.l. Il lia. Ls. lI. .
e.g:- When somebody has had a bad news Omar is
the Iirst to go and help. For example my grandIather
died, Omar came at once to my house.
such as _,;a _lc
l.o
Io>I L. _ _.l. .
e.g:- Azerbaijan has produce some great chess
players such as Kasparov and Radjabov.


Guided Writing Guided Writing Guided Writing Guided Writing

This question always asks you to write two meaningful sentence by using
appropriate linking words such as and, too, also .
: _,.lo> ;l. ulbj lo lc _c O .l; g loglo >.al; _,.ol
;al.o ; >.a @jb .
You shouldnt make any spelling mistake.
,:Vo lb> j uS:: V O,lc u>j .
Your ideas should be coherence and cohesive. Also you should convey relevant
ideas.
lS8 ll.o gS: u>j b;.o la aj loglo _a.: O,lc u>j
j ga _S; la l.o .

Ways to reduce water usage Ways to reduce water usage Ways to reduce water usage Ways to reduce water usage
- take shorter showers.
- wash your fruits and vegetables in a pan.
- turn off water tap while you wash your hands.

Suggested Suggested Suggested Suggested answer answer answer answer: :: :- -- -
There are many ways to reduce water usage such as taking shorter showers and
washing your fruits and vegetables in a pan. Also you can reduce water usage by
turning off water tap while you wash your hands, too.

Rule :-
There are many ( ) such as ( ) and ( ). Also you can ( ) by ( ).
>.: l.,o l.,a >: olc b : l. gSj lo.c ajb o . _al; ;: b>V
8 . q8 ) . {

Ways to produce electricity Ways to produce electricity Ways to produce electricity Ways to produce electricity
- use the power of water in dams.
- use the power of wind.
- use wave generator in seas.

Ways to reduce your expenses Ways to reduce your expenses Ways to reduce your expenses Ways to reduce your expenses
- buy goods from nearest mall to you.
- buy quantities that you need not more.
- try to make priority of what you need .


Purposes of building dams Purposes of building dams Purposes of building dams Purposes of building dams
- save water.
- irrigate plants.
- generate electricity.
Suggested answer Suggested answer Suggested answer Suggested answer: :: :- -- -
There are many purposes of building dams such as saving water and irrigating
plants. Also generating electricity is one of the purposes of building dams, too.

Rule :-
There are many ( ) such as ( ) and ( ). Also ( ) , too.
g _bo > gSj lo.c ajb o >.: ljlc
_,o qa l;a .

Benefits of having enough sleep Benefits of having enough sleep Benefits of having enough sleep Benefits of having enough sleep
- recharge your mental and physical ability.
- be ready for each new day.
- be alert and rested.

Purposes of moving to cities Purposes of moving to cities Purposes of moving to cities Purposes of moving to cities
- find better paid jobs.
- Get good public services.
- Get better education.

Reasons for constructing tunnels Reasons for constructing tunnels Reasons for constructing tunnels Reasons for constructing tunnels
- Reduce car journeys.
- Reduce the costs of fright traffic.
- Make vehicles journeys safer.


Hobby Hobby Hobby Hobby Advantages Advantages Advantages Advantages
Swimming Swimming Swimming Swimming Physical fitness, mental clarity, amazing view.
Reading Stress relief, relaxation, obtaining new information.
Suggested answer Suggested answer Suggested answer Suggested answer: :: :- -- -
Swimming has many advantages such as you can get physical fitness, mental clarity and
amazing view.
Reading has many advantages such as you can get stress relief, relaxation and obtaining
new information.

Rule :-
{ ) has J have many { ) such as you can get { ).

Read the information in the table below about the ways to reduce water usage,
and then in your Answer Booklet, write two sentences about these ways. Use
the appropriate linking words such as: and, too, also, etc.

Ways to reduce water usage Ways to reduce water usage Ways to reduce water usage Ways to reduce water usage
- take shorter showers.
- wash your Iruits and vegetables in a pan.
- turn oII water tap while you wash your hands.

Read the information in the table below then, in your answer Booklet, write
two sentences about the following hobbies and their advantages. Use the
appropriate linking words such as : and, also .

Hobby Hobby Hobby Hobby Advantage Advantage Advantage Advantage( (( (s ss s) )) )
Swimming Swimming Swimming Swimming physical Iitness, mental clarity, amazing view.
Reading Reading Reading Reading stress relieI, relaxation, obtaining new inIormation.

Read the information in the table below then, in your answer Booklet, write
two sentences about the advantages and the disadvantages of the means of
transport mentioned. Use the appropriate linking words such as : and, also .

Means of transport Means of transport Means of transport Means of transport Advantage Advantage Advantage Advantage Disadvantage Disadvantage Disadvantage Disadvantage
Ships Ships Ships Ships Iresh air, cheap sea sickness, more time
Planes Planes Planes Planes less time, seeing places Irom above more expensive, not saIe

Writing Writing Writing Writing

* * * * Report Report Report Report : :: :- -- -
Useful Language Useful Language Useful Language Useful Language Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning
X percent oI waste material was recycled /
burnt / buried in a landIill site
lj: lo go V8 ;: J 8o
ljla. uSo q8 ...
he main method oI getting rid oI waste in
Greece is ...
q8 Va _o l>.l ,,: ajb
q l:g, .....
OI all the countries, Greece buries the most
waste in landIill sites.
_ _,; _o ljla. bo _8: l:g,
ljla. uSo q8 .
Austria burns percent oI its waste, whereas
Luxembourg burns percent.
l,.a : % ljla. _o lo.,;
: g;og .%
In comparison with Austria, Finland recycles ...
halI / a quarter / twice /
lo. go :lao q8 m: j: ,: .l.8 J
g; J m ...
three times as much / much more / less ... l :V: J . J _8 ...

Percentage of Recycled Materials Percentage of Recycled Materials Percentage of Recycled Materials Percentage of Recycled Materials
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
year 2009
year 2008

above above above above. .. .

Glass; 32;
33%
Metal;
36; 38%
paper;
28; 29%
Glass
Metal
paper

year 2009;
Glass; 44; 35%
year 2009;
Metal; 42; 33%
year 2009;
paper; 41; 32%
Glass
Metal
paper

- The importance of learning English

Learning to peak English maybe the best thing you can do to improve your liIe. In Iact, we like
to call English the language oI communication or the language oI the internet, this because
it seems most people have agreed to use English to talk to each other or chat with one another. II
you can communicate in English, you can contact people Irom all over the world. You can also
travel more easily and learn about others cultures and liIe.
With the help oI English, you can push your career Iorward, get your dream job and earn more
money. It is the language oI technology, especially high technology like computer science and
medicine. So, iI you want to lean computer science and use your computer eIIectively, you
should start learning English.
Finally, we have to bear mind that English is not a diIIicult language as some people think. On
the contrary, it is easy to learn. It is not only the most useIul language in the world, but it is also
one oI the easiest languages to learn and use.

- A trip to remember
It was very windy when I set oII Ior the airport last Monday morning. The sky was Iull oI dark
clouds and soon it started raining heavily. What a great way to start a holiday!
While I was driving to the airport, the storm got worse. Suddenly, a huge Ilash oI lightning
struck a tree. It came crashing down just meters in Iront oI my car. The Iallen tree completely
blocked the road, so I was stuck. I tried to call the emergency services on my mobile, but the
line was dead.
I was positive that Id miss my plane, so I turned on the radio and tried to get used to the idea.
Soon there was a loud knock at the window. To my surprise it was a young man in leather
clothes, Need a ride? he said. My plane was leaving in an hour so I didnt think twice. I
grabbed my bags, climbed careIully onto the motorcycle and shouted urgently, to the airport,
please!
It was my Iirst time on a motorcycle so was terriIied. The young man drove so Iast that I kept
my eyes tightly shut all the way. Suddenly, the motorcycle came to a halt. Were here!He
said. I looked at my watch and saw that I was just in time Ior my Ilight. The young man wished
me a nice trip, then quickly sped away.
As soon as my plane took oII, I breathed a huge sigh oI relieI. I could now relax and enjoy my
holiday.

- Road Accidents/ Careless Drivers
Around the world, people ignore danger on the roads and drives as they believe that they could
never be involved in a traIIic accident. Whether riding a motorcycle or driving a car or lorry,
many dont seem to care about saIety.
The number oI road deaths is expected to increase dramatically in the next twenty-Iive years,
especially in developing countries. A recent report by the World Health Organization points out

that, in , road accidents were ninth on the list oI causes oI death worldwide. Sadly, the
report might get even worse.
The number oI rod deaths and serious injuries among car users has Iallen by twenty- three
percent in recent years thanks to the increased use oI seatbelts. At the same time, the number oI
slight injuries has risen by IiIty percent, which indicates that the number oI road accidents in
general is in Iact going up. The main reason Ior the rise in road deaths is that more people are
choosing to travel by car rather than risk cycling or walking along busy roads. Because people
in cars are more protected Irom the Iorce oI any impact, they are less likely to be seriously
injured than people on Ioot. It seems, then, that as long as drivers continue to be careless, selI-
protection is the key to surviving todays traIIic.
- A trip to the funfair
We have been planning Ior a long time to go to the IunIair Ior brothers birthday, so on the big
day we all piled up into the car and set oII. The traIIic was so bad that day that it took us nearly
two hours to get there. Then we discovered that halI the people in town had had the same idea.
The place was so packed that you could hardly move. My brother wanted to go on the roller
coaster, so we joined the queue- which it seemed to be about a mile long- and waited Ior our
turn. By the time we got to the Iront oI the queue, my sister was complaining that she was so
aIraid to go on the ride, and even my brother looked a bit apprehensive. Just then a man
announced that there was a technical problem and the ride was closed. With a sign oI relieI we
went to get something to eat, had a go on the bumper cars, played cars, played a Iew games-my
brother won a huge teddy bear- and then we went home.
- Why studying abroad
Studying abroad oIIers students many advantages. The students live in a new culture, so they
can learn in and out oI the classroom. They learn to be Ilexible, because they have to adapt to
diIIicult ways oI living. They are Iar away Irom home. ThereIore, they have to become
responsible and selI-reliant. They have an experience they will remember all their lives.
However, there are several problems that might Iace students who go to study abroad. First oI
all, living away Irom home is much more expensive than living at home. In addition, most
teenagers are not mature enough to live Iar away Irom their Iamilies. ThereIore, they oIten get
into trouble. Also, many students Ieel lonely and homesick, so they are unable to study. Finally,
and most importantly, students who go away to go away to study may lose contact with their
Iamilies. Many oI them might marry Ioreigners and never return to their countries.
- Money in our life
Money is considered a very important thing in our liIe. It provides us with all necessities oI liIe
such as Iood, rent, clothing, school Ieesetc. It is also needed in illness to pay Ior the doctors
and to buy the necessary medicines. With money, you can obtain the necessities oI liIe, but also
many comIorts and luxuries.
However, money may be sometimes dangerous when it causes people to do the wrong Ior its
sake. Some people love money to the extent they are aIraid oI spending it. So, they deprive
themselves oI the pleasures oI liIe. Money may also make people hate each other, quarrel with

each other and sometimes kill each other. In conclusion, we can say that the role money plays in
our liIe cant be denied, but we have to think oI it as a means rather than a Iinal aim.

- How harmful smoking is
BeIore you have your own cigarette, please think how harmIul smoking is. Smokers say
that smoking is a pleasant thing which helps them to think over diIIicult matters, to solve
diIIerent problems, and to overcome the obstacles they meet in their liIe. Others smoke to Iorget
about their pains, troubles and cares. Even some lazy people, who have nothing to do, smoke to
pass their time and amuse themselves.
This is may be true according to them, but we should know that the relaxing eIIect oI
smoking will soon become the source oI illness. Some people smoke so much that they ruin
their health. These people are exposed to many health problems such as lung cancer, heart
attacks, stomachaches and blood vessels problems. We should also bear in mind that smoking
does not only aIIect your health, but also wastes your money.
Very Iew people can get rid oI the smoking habit because bad habits are diIIicult to be given up
easily. So, to avoid smoking or any bad habit, you should keep busy with useIul hobbies and
things. Think oI how many more steps you will climb iI you stop smoking. Think oI what you
may buy with the money you waste on cigarettes. And Iinally iI you still want to smoke, think
about the others who will get harmed by your cigarette smoke.
- Participating in Voluntary Work
Last summer, I participated in voluntary activity in my school. We Iormed a voluntary group to
look aIter the school property and Iacilities. We were guided and supported by adult volunteers
experts in their particular Iields. We painted the school and cleaned it. We cleaned out its
reservoirs and marked out the volleyball and Iootball pitches. We planted some trees in the
schools garden. We did some repair work Ior our school. It took us two weeks to do those
voluntary works. The school provided us with all the necessary materials and tools. We had
meals inside the school. We worked Irom the early morning until the evening. All my Iriends
and I Ielt proud because we served our school. This experience had many beneIits Ior us all. E
learnt selI-conIidence, the ability to work hard, concern Ior others, the spirit oI adventure and
enterprise.
- The mobile phone
The mobile phone is considered one oI the most important inventions in our modern
time. It has spread quickly all over the world because they are a lot easier to use than computers
and are pocketable, so that you can take them almost anywhere. The number oI mobile phone
users has increased rapidly not only in Jordan but all over the world.
Mobile phones have many advantages and they save our time and eIIort. For example, iI
you are in an area where no telephones are existed, you can easily make calls and communicate
with others by using your mobiles.
However, this handset should be used wisely Ior the necessary things and Ior emergency
cases and not just Ior wasting time and money and annoying others.

- Does money bring happiness?

We sometimes think that only money can make a man happy but my opinion this is not true. We
oIten notice that many people are miserable though they have everything to make them happy.
This is because wealth and happiness do not always go together. Money can do much to make
liIe pleasant and comIortable but not necessarily.
Money brings troubles and responsibilities. A wealthy man has many things to think oI. Even in
his leisure time his mind is constantly at work. Also, the rich man might spend sleepless nights
although he lies on a very comIortable bed.
On the other hand, a poor man has no wealth, but iI he has health and strength, he may be much
happier than a rich man. II a rich man is happy it is not because he is rich, but because he makes
good use oI his wealth .Wealth showed be used Ior the good oI other and only in this way can
wealthy man be really happy. Wealth is useless iI it not spent wisely. No one can admire the
wealthy man who keeps all his money Ior himselI in order to become richer than his neighbor.
- The historical and interesting places in 1ordan
There are many historical and interesting places in Jordan that thousands oI tourists come
to visit every year such as: Jerash, Petra, Aqaba, Karak and so on.
Jerash is a Iamous old city in Jordan. Thousands oI people visit it every year. They look at the
buildings. They walk along the streets. They take photographs. Jerash was a Roman city. The
Romans were great builders. They built many cities, but Jerash was the most important Roman
city in Jordan. Here the Romans built temples, baths, shops, and streets. The longest and most
Iamous street in old Jerash is the street oI columns. It is meters long and there are
columns on each side. These columns are very old. They have stood there Ior almost two
thousand years. Jerash is also Iamous Ior its annual Iestival which is held in it in the summer
every year.
Petra the rose-red city in the jewel oI South Jordan. It is one oI the most Iamous and exciting
places in the world. Petra, the Nabateanian city, is a unique city. Every year thousands oI tourists
come to visit it. They can see the beautiIul Treasury, the Siq, temples, baths, shops, and streets.
Petra means rock. The city was built out oI rock. It is sometimes called the rose-red city because
oI the colour oI this rock. It was built by the Nabateans more than , years ago and it has a
very Iamous position Ior tourists in the whole world nowadays.
- Advantages and disadvantages of the internet
Using the internet oIIers you many advantages. All oI the latest inIormation is available to you in
your home, at any hour oI the day or night. It is much Iaster and easier to surI the net in search oI
inIormation Irom all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens oI countries. On-line
shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to Iind exactly what you want at the best
price, saving both time and money. E-mail is also popular because it is Iaster than sending a letter
and cheaper than a telephone conversation.
However, the internet has several advantages. With so much inIormation available, Iinding what
you want can take hours. Multimedia web with photographs, music and video are attractive and
they make downloading slow and boring. There is also too much advertising instead oI real
inIormation.

O sum up, the internet obviously has good and bad points. Fortunately, the system is improving
all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved.

- Using the computer in learning English
The Ministry oI Education has a serious tendency to teach English in basic stage by using the
computer. The aim oI this step is to increase childrens motivation and to make them enjoy
learning another language. The Ministry oI Education has provided all schools all over Jordan
with new sets oI computers and interesting programme which are copied on CD-ROM. The
Ministry oI Education took this decision so as to keep up with the new developments taking place
all over the world. English language is an international language. It is the language oI the
computer. In addition to all these things, the Ministry oI education entered the computer course in
the general secondary examination as a basic material to provide students with the skills oI
computer they will need when they leaves school.
- Describing a V.I.P
William Shakespeare is the Englands greatest writer. He was born in in StartIord-
upon-Avon, England and died in . When he was , he married Anne Hathway, a Iarmers
daughter and had three children. He was the eldest son oI John Shakespeare, a wool dealer.
William Shakespeares parent were not rich, but they led a comIortable liIe. They helped and
supported him in his career. Then at the age oI , he leIt StartIord and went to London where
he became an actor and playwright. By the time he was , he was most Iamous Ior his plays-
about altogether- which included A Midsummer Nights Dream, Hamlet, Macbeth and
Romeo and Juliet and poems. When he was he built the Globe Theater where most oI
his Iamous plays were Iirst perIormed there. He decided to become an actor himselI and to write
plays Ior other actors. At the end oI his liIe, he returned to StartIord in . Many oI the words
and phrases we use today were Iirst used by William Shakespeare. People are still inspired by
the language and the characters in his plays.
- SAFE and HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS for CHILDREN
Children are more vulnerable to change in their physical, emotional and social environments
because oI their rapid physical and mental health growth and smaller body size. The health and
well-being oI children depends on the saIety and quality oI their Physical/ Natural Environments.
Social Environments- at home, school and the community. Children also need to be in
environment which protects them Irom violence, abuse, exploitation, injuries and neglect.
The built environment has a major impact on the health and development oI children. The built
environment includes the buildings, parks, businesses, schools, road systems, and other
inIrastructure that children encounter in their daily lives. Children need protection and a saIe
physical environment. Protection Irom physical injuries is a key aspect oI a healthy physical
environment. Having well designed homes, streets, transportation systems and playgrounds will
promote the saIety and health oI children and youth. Many people are surprised to learn that
injury is the leading cause oI death among children and youth. Whats even more surprising is
that many oI those injuries occurred in the home. Many oI these injuries can be prevented iI
parents and care givers become more aware oI how to make there environment saIer Ior children.

Revision Revision Revision Revision ( ( ( ( Unit One Unit One Unit One Unit One) )) )

Present Perfect Present Perfect Present Perfect Present Perfect Present perfect continuous Present perfect continuous Present perfect continuous Present perfect continuous
Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners
- since, Ior, already, recently, lately.
- yet, just, so Iar, ever, , this .
- since, Ior, already, recently, lately.
- How long ? , What .? , all .
Rule:- Rule:-
(I, you, we, they) have V
(he, she, it) has V
(I, you, we, they) have been V - ing
(he, she, it) has been V - ing
Note:- ==`
_lc l. lo _j :
- Iinished action ( completed action).
q..o >
- result. >,.:
- achievement. l>:
Note:- LVo
_lc o.o l. lo _j :
- unIinished activity(in completed action)
q..o ,c >
- Iocus on the duration oI the action.
stress on the length oI the action.
prolonged activity.
.a _lc _j > _j >
l8n.a q. ,.o_ .
- we use the present perIect continuous to
show complaining about not Iinishing
something.
o.o l. lo >.:
lo _oc l: c _o lc_:V lb$ .

Note:-
- Negative rule:- qa. cl8
S + has + not + V
have

- Questions:-
has + S + V + complement. ?
have
Note:-
- Negative rule:- qa. cl8
S + has + not + been +V ing
have

- Questions:-
has + S + been +V- ing + complement?
have
_lc q8 _a _Sa _bj
_Sa { v -------)
_lc q8 _a _Sa _bj
_Sa
{be, v -------)

Since Since Since Since For For For For
- start oI a period.
e.g. Monday, ..
- a period oI time.
e.g. a long time, three years, Iour weeks.

Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past: :: :- -- -

- Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners: :: :- -- -
yesterday, in the past, ago, once, last ( -' ), (in / on) -'-' -, beIore . -
- Rule:-
- affirmative :- S + simple past ( V. )
- Negative:- S + didn't + simple past ( V. )
- Question:- Did + S + simple present ( V. ) + complement ?

Correct the verbs between brackets then write your answer in your ANSWER
BOOKLET.
- I . Ahmad three years ago. (see)
- I . Ahmad Ior three years. (not see)
- This is the easiest job I . ever . .(have)
- It is two months since Amer . a cigarette. (smoke)
- I . letters since breakIast. (be, write)
- The mechanic my car Ior a long time. (be, Iix)
- The visitors here since : am. (be, wait)
- He . since lunch time. (be, dig)
- I've coal on the Iire recently. (be, put)
- She . to play musical instrument since
. (be, learn)

Study the following pair of sentences and answer the questions below. Write the
a- The mechanic has Iixed my car so Iar.
b- The mechanic has been Iixing my car Ior sometime.
Which sentence :-
- Indicates that the mechanic didn't Iinish Iixing my car.
- Indicates that the mechanic Iinished Iixing my car.
- Indicates that the speaker is complaining about not Iinishing my car.
- Stress on the length oI the action.
- Focus on the duration oI the action.
- Shows a prolonged activity.
- Focus on the result oI the action.
- Shows an achievement.


_V >g _lc lb>Vo : -
- > ;glbo lolS lolS q >g o q8 l,:Vo ba ) Unit One {
ulb l. q8 .
Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following sentences
and write it down in your Answer BOOKLET.
- Our school is so proud oI Nour. She .. Ior her participation in
the "Reading Composition".
( has rewarded, has been rewarded, rewards )
- We are very proud oI our Iriend. He .. the golden medal Ior his
creative project.
( should give, given, has been given)
- How long have you been . Hotel Management ?
( learning, learn, learnt)
- Basic education in Jordan has been .. to ten years by the
Ministry oI education.
( extending, extended, extends)

Revision Revision Revision Revision ( ( ( ( Unit Two Unit Two Unit Two Unit Two) )) )

Past Perfect Past Perfect Past Perfect Past Perfect. . . . l. qlo Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous. .. .l. qlo
o.o
Use Use Use Use: :: :- -- ->.aV Use Use Use Use: :: :- -- ->.aV
- to identiIy which oI the two tenses
happened Iirst.
V _ _,.iI _o l,.I .
V : - l. _lo
_.l.I : - L,.. _lo .

- to identiIy which oI the two tenses
happened Iirst.
V _ _,.iI _o l,.I .
V : - o..o l. _lo .
_.l.I : - L,.. _lo .
Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners Determiners
aIter, beIore, when, as, as soon as, by
-'-' - ( )
aIter, beIore, when, as, as soon as.
Rule Rule Rule Rule: :: :- -- - Rule Rule Rule Rule: :: :- -- -
- S. had V
- S. hadn't V
- Had S. had V
complement ?
- S. had been V- ing
- S. hadn't been V- ing
- Had S. been V-ing
complement ?
Note Note Note Note: :: :- -- -
.I _ _asI _La, _.I _Ic _.l,
_Il.I : - (v.)
Note Note Note Note: :: :- -- -
_.I _Ic _.l, .I _ _asI _La,
_Il.I : - (be, v.)

Correct the verbs between brackets, then write your answer down in your ANSWER
BOOKLET.
- They . the movie beIore they went to the market. (see )
- They . the Iilm beIore they went to the market. (be, watch )
- I my breakIast when my dad came. (eat )
- I my breakIast as my dad came. (be, eat )
- By , most oI the students .. language centers to learn
English. ( join )

Revision Revision Revision Revision ( ( ( ( Unit Three Unit Three Unit Three Unit Three) )) )
Wish Wish Wish Wish: :: :- -- -
- Rules Rules Rules Rules: :: :- -- -
- wish +simple past (didn't +V.)
a- regret about present. _loI _oI _ _. _Ic i.I
b- impossible condition. I,..o Il

- wish + could + simple present ( V. )
inability to change the situation that we don't like. Il ,,a. _Ic l..i ic
l. _,.c l..I _.

- wish + would / wouldn't + simple present ( V. )
a- Criticism. is.I
b-Annoyance. lc.V

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise: :: :- -- -
Study the following pairs of sentences and answer the questions below. Write the
answers in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
a)- I wish I could speak Spanish Iluently.
b)- I wish you didn't buy that car.
Write down the sentence which shows inability to change the situation I don't
like.
.

Rewrite Rewrite Rewrite Rewrite: :: :- -- -

Rules to rewrite sentences by using ( wish ):

- am, is, are
'm not, isn't, aren't
b>Vo : a gSj ) be { _8
lo> q8 q,: .
wasn't, weren't
was , were
- V./ ( V.-s/es ) didn't + V.

-don't + V.
doesn't + V.
b>Vo : b>V ) don't ) { doesn't {
: .
V.
- want to / wants to could
- can / can't could
- V. hadn't + V.
- didn't + V. had + V.

Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar
meaning to the one before it, and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- Ahmad isn't a clever student.
I wish . .
-Amer isn't studying hard.
I wish . .
- Asma wants to be a doctor.
I wish .
- Amer can't speak French.
I wish . .
- Asma doesn't practice well to participate in the championship.
I wish .. .

.l. ,:l. _V >g _lc lb>Vo : -
How to express your opinion:- Oj _c ;: m,
- In my opinion / view .
- ( In Iact ) it's my view that . .
- I believe / I think that .
Note :- Oj _c ;: qS a;l lj; ba>


Study the following sentences, then answer the question below. Write the
answer down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
a- Personally, I think that students should make use oI every chance they have to speak
English.
b- I'm aIraid you're wrong, you have to reconsider the whole issue.
.. .

Exercise :-
Study the following pairs of sentences, and answer the question below. Write
the answer down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- I think that people shouldn't waste their time doing nothing.
- I agree, you're right, my Iriend spends hours doing nothing.
.

Numbers:-
General rule :- ol cla
l>I ac l.o g

- and ,

EDITING:- _V >g q8 l,:Vo ba> ;glbo lolS ,:l.
.l.
Unit : court, govern, guilty, innocent, jury, legal, principle, property, prove, ruler.
Unit : abroad, deteriorate, emigrate, famine, industry, modernisation, refugee,
starvation, success.
Unit : composted, incineration, landfill, material, pollution, precious, recycle,
resources, rubbish, waste.

With al With al With al With all my best wishes l my best wishes l my best wishes l my best wishes
Shadi Ibrahim Aldeb Shadi Ibrahim Aldeb Shadi Ibrahim Aldeb Shadi Ibrahim Aldeb' '' 'i ii i
Tel Tel Tel Tel: :: :- -- - / / / /

Revision Revision Revision Revision ( ( ( ( Unit Four Unit Four Unit Four Unit Four) )) )

S SS S+ ++ +V VV V V VV V N NN N
- because: ....
- so that: :IiI >,..
- with the result that: >,..
iI :I
- in order to: _I
- in order not to:V _I
- to: _I
- not to: V _I
- to be the cause oI. ,
I l...
- to lead to , _I
- in addition to
l\l. _I
- because oI: .... ..........

items and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- We won the Iirst prize the product oI our garden was the best.
( in order to, because, to )
- Wild Iires can .. greater pressure on the Earth's most precious resources;
water.
( lead to, so that, because )
- Trees are usually cut down .. make more land Ior Iarmers.
( because of, the cause of, in order to )
- The soil is destroyed .. the land can not be used Ior growing crops.
( so that, in order to, to )
- The activities oI human beings are oIten ........... desertiIication.
( so that, the real cause of, lead to )
- The soil is destroyed so that the land can not be used Ior growing crops.
The soil is destroyed in order to
.... .
- Some people move to greener areas so that they can survive.
Some people move to greener areas in order to
.
- Ahmad bought a car so that he can come on time Ior the lesson.
Ahmad bought a car in order to. .
- They cancelled the trip because it was very cold.
It was very cold so that .
- He wrote the explanation on a paper so that he could tell it to the audience.
He wrote the explanation on a paper in order to
.... .

b>Vo : - lolS ba> >g o; al.o l,:Vo . lolS l. q8

ulb .

Unit : climate, cultivate, dust, erode, graze, population, risk, soil, survive, wildfire

Revision Revision Revision Revision ( ( ( ( Unit Five Unit Five Unit Five Unit Five ) )) )

- a) must V. sure, absolutely, certainly.
b) must have V.
True

- a) can't V. sure, absolutely, certainly, impossible.
b) can't have V.
Not True

- a) might V. not sure, unsure, probable, possible, perhaps, maybe.
b) might have V.
True or Not True

- lb>Vo : -
- Io> ) (must ,s.o _.l. V .
- Io> ) (can't ...o _.l. V .
- iclsI ) (a lo . _ _o f _.s..o .
- iclsI ) (b _lo . _ _o .

Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the
following items and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- It is impossible that Ziad will be here on Sunday. Ziad .. be here
on Sunday.
( must, can't, might )
- She starts work at six o'clock in the morning, so she . be late.
( must, might, can't )
- It's quite probable that Ali didn't say that. He say that.
(might, can't, must )
- He wears expensive clothes. He . rich.
(can't, must, might )
- The telephone is ringing. It .. be Salem. He's on a holiday.
- Perhaps the plane . arrive late, and that's why they aren't here.
(might, can't, must )
- I'm sure the exam was very easy. He pass.


- I'm sure she is telling us the truth about the accident.
She must ... .
- I'm sure Khaled is more active than his Iriend.
Khaled .. .
- I'm not sure she is studying at her exam right now.
She .... .
- I'm sure Sura is more beautiIul than her Iriends.
Sura ... .

Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective + + + + prepositions prepositions prepositions prepositions: :: :- -- -

Adjective with preposition Adjective with preposition Adjective with preposition Adjective with preposition Meanings Meanings Meanings Meanings
dependent on
_Ic io.ao
interested in
. ,.o
keen on
. ao f . Io
diIIerent from
_c .I.>o
Iull of
. _Io
aware of
I io
Iamous for
.., .
satisIied with
. ..so

b>Vo l : -
- ba> la + > > .
- lolS ba> >g o; al.o l,:Vo . lolS l. q8
ulb .

Unit : biome, display, dome, environmentalist, exotic, globe, greenhouse,
humidity, temperate, waterfall

Revision Revision Revision Revision / / / / Unit one Unit one Unit one Unit one

Correct the verbs between brackets, then write your answer down
- I .. at all Ior three nights . ( not, be, sleep )
- The number oI migrants in the world . Irom million to million. ( rise )
- Asma .. in Jordan Irom Australia seven years ago. ( arrive )
- What you . since I last saw you? ( be, do )
- A year ago, The Royal team oI Iootball . the competition. ( win )

Study the following pair of sentences and answer the
questions below. Write the answers in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

a. The police sergeant has interviewed two people so Iar today.
b. The police sergeant has been interviewing two people all week.
Which sentence
- Indicates that the police sergeant didnt Iinish interviewing the two people?
- Indicates that the police sergeant Iinished interviewing the two people?
- Focus on the duration which the police sergeant took to interview the two people?
- Stress on the length oI the action?
- Shows an achievement?
- Indicates a shown result?
- Shows a prolonged activity?
- Shows that the police sergeant completed interviewing the two people?
- Shows that the police sergeant didnt complete interviewing the two people?

Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each
of the following items and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- My brother is very . with his money.
( case, row, mean )
- I always ..... up when I hear the doorbell.
( court, spring, fraud )
- Theres a .. oI seats in Iront oI the screen.
( confidential, court, row )
- Im a teacher and I always carry my paper in a . .
( mean, case, ruler )
- Napoleon was one oI the most important French .. .
( ruler, spring, mean )

- The place where water comes Irom is called ... .

( court, spring, case )
- Its important to . to keep the society secured.
( identity theft, solve crimes, virus )
- I wonder where is Khaled. I havent seen him . last week.
( for, from, since )
- The weather is dry. Its hasnt ... a Iew weeks.
( from, for, since )

Study the following pairs of sentences, and answer the question
below. Write the answer in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- In my opinion, I think that people shouldnt waste their time doing nothing.
- I agree, youre right, my Iriends spends hours doing nothing.
Which sentences indicates opinion?
..

- I believe that knowing how to use computer gives you better opportunity to Iind a
good job.
- Im aIraid you are wrong. You have to reconsider the whole issue.
Which sentences indicates opinion?
..
- In my opinion, I think using knowing how to use computer gives you the
opportunity to Iind a good job.
- The main point Ior Iinding a good job is your knowledge about how to use
computers.
Which sentences indicates presenting arguments?
..

Revision Revision Revision Revision / / / / Unit two Unit two Unit two Unit two

- In my Iamily ... Syria to Jordan. ( leave )
- By , my Iamily . Syria to Jordan. ( leave )
- Irish people emigrated because so many . oI starvation. ( die )
- My Iather retired last year, he .. Ior the same company all his liIe. ( work )
- When I read the letter I couldnt stop smiling. I ... all my exams. ( pass )

Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each
of the following items and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- I scored in my English exam. / is written as . .
( sixty five, sixty-five percent, sixty-fifth percent )
- She was born in Amman in ./ is written as .. .
( nineteen ninety four, nineteen ninety and four, nineteen ninety-
four )
- The opposite / antonym oI the word modern is ..
( early, old-fashioned, rare )

- I can remember the graduation day Irom university clearly.
- That was six years ago when I graduate Irom university.
Which sentence indicated talking about past event?
..

- Irish people emigrated because so many were dying oI starvation.
- Irish people emigrated because so many had died oI starvation.
Which sentence indicates that Irish people died before the emigration?

Revision Revision Revision Revision / / / / Unit three Unit three Unit three Unit three

- I wish we could . plastic more easily. ( recycle )
- I wish I .. in charge oI our company. ( be )
- I wish we plastic more easily. ( recycle )
- I wish they that. ( not, do )

meaning to the one before it, then write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- The weathers too hot at the moment.
I wish . .
- I would like to be a doctor when I grow older.
I wish . .
- I want to study maths.
I wish . .
- Im really tired, but I cant sleep at night.
I wish . .
- We have to start our work early next morning.
I wish . .

Study the following dictionary entry and answer the question that follows.
Write the answer in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- What does the multi-part verb go along with" mean in the Iollowing sentence?
In my city, the council is going along with
space Ior new houses.
..

- What does the multi-part verb put up with" mean in the Iollowing sentence?
Im looking Ior a new Ilat, I cant
put up with the noise oI traIIic any longer.
..

go along with :-
- accept.
- makes something clear.
put up with:-
- accept something unpleasant.
- meet / Iace.

- What does the multi-part verb keep up with" mean in the Iollowing sentence?
Students should read newspaper to make
sure that keep up with national and
international new stories.
..

sentences and write it down in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
- A huge earthquake cause the oI Tokyo in .
( destruct, destruction, destructive )
- There would be a .. situation in society iI there were no legal system.
( chaos, chaotic, chaotically )
- You must be .. in order to persuade others by your opinions.
( confident, confidential, confidentially )
- Omar Ielt very . even though the accident was not his Iault.
( guilty, guiltiness, guiltily )
- In AIrica there was no clean water.. spread very quickly.
( infected, infections, infecting )
- The .. oI people never commit a crime.
(major, majority, majored)

j|{ t ux j|{ t ux j|{ t ux j|{ t ux |{x |{x |{x |{x
f{tw| \ut{|x Twxu\ f{tw| \ut{|x Twxu\ f{tw| \ut{|x Twxu\ f{tw| \ut{|x Twxu\

keep up with:-
- know the latest inIormation about
something.
- makes something clear.

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Prepared by Prepared by Prepared by Prepared by: :: :- -- - Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi Ibrahim AldebI Shadi

adi Ibrahim AldebI Tel Tel Tel Tel : :: :- / / / /

e.g.:- I always go to school walking.

-ship Iriendship, relationship,

- lc q:j .o _o l,.>V ajb; ggo _lc q:j lo lc

- We need to . all the inIected animals.

(energetic, energetically, energy)

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

e.g.:- Samer has known me Ior Iive years.

Note Note Note Note: :: :- -- - b>Vo

Present Perfect Continuous: - o.o l. lo

Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past: : : : - -- - ,; qlo

Note Note Note Note :- b>Vo

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page , , , , AB AB AB AB

_,jl l. c lj q8 l gal oj> go: q8 l; :o _og >

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise : :: :- -- -

drive drove driven gaj

lead led led gaj

sleep slept slept l.j

- It's been .. since the lunchtime.

- They use !nternet connection to pass on confidential information or to plan

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

The pronoun " there " ( ) reIers to .

- :- one hundred and Iorty / a hundred and Iorty.

Choose something that actually happened to you, or use your imagination to

Ex Ex Ex Exercise ercise ercise ercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

the pronoun " they " line reIers to .. .

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise, , , , page page page page . . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

GENERAL SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

PART TWO: VOCABULARY.

QUESTION NUMBER SIX :-

Writing Writing Writing Writing

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . SB SB SB SB: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

- Ahmad studied hard. He passed the exam.

Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary: :: :- -- -

- Cutting down trees.

Adjective Adjective Adjective Adjective + + + + prepositions prepositions prepositions prepositions: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Exerci Exerci Exerci Exercise se se se , , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

Questions Questions Questions Questions: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise , , , , page page page page. . . . AB AB AB AB: :: :- -- -

c- The roads might be very busy tonight. There's an important football

a- Turnips and sweet potatoes grow under the ground.

Unit three Unit three Unit three Unit three

Writing Writing Writing Writing

- The importance of learning English

- Does money bring happiness?

Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past: :: :- -- -

Rewrite Rewrite Rewrite Rewrite: :: :- -- -

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise : :: :- -- -

b>Vo : - lolS ba> >g o; al.o l,:Vo . lolS l. q8

Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise : :: :- -- -

- The place where water comes Irom is called ... .

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