Textile printing

Textile printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs (or)
Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished fabric is called 'Printing'. In properly
printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fiber, so as to resist washing and friction.
Textile printing is related to dyeing but, whereas in dyeing proper the whole fabric is uniformly coered
with one colour. In printing one or more colours are applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply
defined pattern
Printing can be called as a locali!ed dyeing colourants used in printing contain dyes thic"ened to preent the
colour from spreading by capillary attraction beyond the limits of the pattern or design.
BASIC TECHNOLOGICAL PRICIPALS OF TEXTILE PRINTING
This inoles different techni#ues and different machinery with respect to dyeing
$teps%
&olour paste preparation
Printing
Dyeing Printing
'ono colour application 'ono or multi colour application
(yes are applied li#uid form (yes are applied paste form
$alt is added for better exhaustion )ot needed
Temperature is needed* penetration
)ot used during printing but applied after
printing ( dry and fix the dye)
+ater plays important role Thic"ening agents plays here
Time is re#uired )ot need
,alf and full bleached fabric is used full bleached fabric only used
&ost is low ,igher
+et or dry condition for fabric -nly dry condition
&onsumes more time $hort time
&onsume more water .ess water
-pen width or rope form -nly open width
/niform colour applied on both side 0ace is dar"er and another face paler
(rying
0ixation
After 1 treatment
Preparation of printing pate
Type of specific formulation used depends on the fiber, the colorant system used and, to some extent, the
type of printing machine.
Typi!al ingre"ient #e"
2 (yes or pigments
2 +etting agents
2 Thic"eners
2 3inders, cross*lin"ing agents
2 $e#uestrants
2 (ispersing agents * surfactants
2 +ater*retaining agents (humectants)
2 Adhesion promoters and miscellaneous agents
2 (efoamers
2 &atalysts and mild oxygen carriers
2 -xidi!ing and reducing agents, carriers and swelling agents
Dye or pig$ent%
The dyes or pigments are selected depending on type of fibre, style, and the effect re#uired.
&etting agent%
To facilitate the wetting of dyestuff and subse#uently to dissole it.
4x% Tur"ey 5ed -il (T5-), $odium salts of sulphated egetable and animal oils ,etc..
Sol'ent( ol#tion a!i"( "ipering agent %
To preent aggregation. ** 4x% Acetin, (iethylene gycol, Polyethylene glycol and glycerin A
H#$e!tant or )ygro!opi! agent%
They absorb sufficient amount of water during steaming and enable the dye molecules to diffuse into the fibre.
4x% /rea and 6lycerin
T)i!*ener%
These are used in printing in the form a paste or emulsion in order to preent spreading of the dye and hold the dye
particles in the printed portion until they are fixed into the fibre
4x% )atural* $tarch, 6um tragacanth, .ocust beam gum, $odium alginate
'odified% &'&, 3ritish gum, 6um indalca
$ynthetic% Acrylic polymers, 4mulsion thic"eners
Defoa$ing agent%
To curtail the foam generation while preparing print paste
4x% $ilicon, Pine oil deriaties, Perminal 73
Oxi"iing agent an" Re"#!ing agent %
-A * 0or deeloping the final colour during steaming
4x% sodium nitrite and resist salts
5A * 5ongolite & and stannous chlorite
Carrier an" +elling agent%
These can be helpful in fixing the prints