HomeGuides Construction&Remodeling AtticInsulation HVACAirDuctPrinciples

Today'sprinciplesofductdesigncorrectmanyenergywastingerrorsof
thepast.
Ownersofmanyolderhomesarestrugglingwithductefficiencyaslowas60
percentintheirheating,ventilationandairconditioningsystems.That
meansnearlyhalftheconditionedairconveyedbytheductsislostto
leakageorthermallossorgain.Withcurrentskyhighheatingandcooling
expenses,efficienciesofmorethan80percentarethenorm,andeven
higherratingsaretypicallyrequiredbystatesthatmandateductinspection
andtestingwheneverHVACequipmentisupgraded.
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DuctsInUnconditionedZones
Asmuchoftheductworkaspossibleshouldbelocatedinsidethehomes
conditionedzone.Ductworkroutedthroughunconditionedzones,suchas
attics,crawlspaces,orinsideexteriorwalls,isexposedtoacutesummerand
wintertemperatures.Thermalgainorlossanddiminishedefficiencyresult.
Whereductworkmustbeinstalledinunconditionedzones,itshouldbe
insulatedtomeetthecurrentstandardsoftheInternationalEnergy
ConservationCode,whichstipulatesthatductsinatticsshouldbeinsulated
toanRvalueof8,andductsinotherunconditionedareasshouldbe
insulatedtoR6.
NoSubstituteForProperDuctwork
Allductworkshouldbefabricatedofapprovedpermanentmaterialssuchas
metalorfiberglass.Moneysavingsubstitutemethodsofthepastincluded
simplyenclosingwoodenwallvoidsorthechannelsbetweenceilingjoiststo
conveyconditionedair,insteadofinstallingproperhardductworkin
thosespaces.Suchshortcutsarenotappropriatetotodaysstandardsfor
energyefficiency.
NoMatchesFound.Pleasetryyoursearchagain.
KeepingInBalance
Installmanualdamperswhereeachroombranchductjoinsthecentral
trunkduct.Thisfacilitatescustomizingairflowtoindividualrooms.The
volumeofairenteringaroomunderpositivepressurethroughsupplyducts,
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HVACAirDuctPrinciples
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andtheamountofairdrawnoutoftheroomthroughreturnductsunder
negativepressure,mustbalancetomaintainneutralairpressureineach
room,whichistheoptimumconditionforheatingandcoolingefficiency.
Dampersshouldincorporateamechanismtopermanentlysecurethe
positionofthedamperandpreventgraduallossofadjustmentovertime.
AClearAirPath
Ideally,everyroomwithitsownsupplyductshouldhaveadedicatedreturn
duct.Wherethisisntfeasible,acentralreturninacommonarea,suchasa
hallway,isstandardinmanyresidences.Tomaintainneutralairbalancein
allrooms,measuresmustbetakentoensuretheairpathfromsupplyvents
inindividualroomstothecentralreturnremainsunobstructedatalltimes.
Thismayinvolveinstallingairpassthroughgrillesindoorsofrooms
withoutreturns,orjumperductsinceilingsthatpassairfromroomtoroom
toensureitreachesthecentralreturn.
SealingAndTesting
Duringinstallation,allductsegmentsshouldbemechanicallyfastened
togetherwithsheetmetalscrews,andjointsshouldbesealedwithmastic,
metalfoiltapeorboth.BeforepermanentlyconnectingHVACequipmentto
theairducts,theentirespanofductworkshouldbeleaktestedusinga
pressuredevicesuchasaductblastertoverifythatleakageinratiotototal
airvolumemeetslocalorstatestandards.
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References
U.S.DepartmentOfEnergy:AirDistributionSystemDesignPDF
CaliforniaEnergyCommission:DuctsAndVents
AbouttheAuthor
GusStephenshaswrittenaboutaviation,automotiveandhome
technologyfor15years.Hisarticleshaveappearedinmajor
printoutletssuchas"PopularMechanics"and"Invention&
Technology."Alongtheway,GusearnedaBachelorofArtsin
communications.Ifitflies,drivesorjustsitsonyourdeskandblinks,he's
probablyfixedit.
PhotoCredits
Comstock/Stockbyte/GettyImages
C L E A N A I R E U R O P E
Engineering Service Company Focusing on Air Emission Compliance
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