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ObjectInteraction

CSE 307 Presentation 11 CSE 307 Presentation 11 11


Object Messaging ObjectMessaging
Objects communicate by sending messages Objectscommunicatebysendingmessages
SendingthemessagegetCost()toanAdvert
object might use the following syntax object,mightusethefollowingsyntax
advertCost=anAdvert.getCost()
:Campaign anAdvert : Advert
getCost( )
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Resilienceof
Design g
Resilient System
Applicationthat caters
Resilient System
Real-world
requirements
Application that caters
for these requirements
Non Resilient
R l ld
Application that caters
Non- Resilient
System
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Real-world
requirements
for these requirements
Sequence Diagrams SequenceDiagrams
Show an interaction between objects Showaninteractionbetweenobjects
arrangedinatimesequence
Can be drawn at different levels of detail and Canbedrawnatdifferentlevelsofdetailand
tomeetdifferentpurposesatseveralstagesin
the development life cycle thedevelopmentlifecycle
Typicallyusedtorepresentthedetailedobject
i i h f f interactionthatoccursforoneusecaseorfor
oneoperation
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Sequence Diagrams SequenceDiagrams
Vertical dimension shows time Verticaldimension showstime
Objectsinvolvedininteractionappear
horizontally across the page and represented horizontally acrossthepageandrepresented
bylifelines
Messages are shown by a solid horizontal Messagesareshownbyasolidhorizontal
arrow
The execution of an operation is shown by an Theexecutionofanoperationisshownbyan
activation
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Sequence diagram Sequencediagram
:Client :Campaign :Advert
Campaign
Manager
p g
getName()
listCampaigns()
*getCampaign
Details()
listAdverts()
*getAdvert
Details()
Advert()
newAd:Advert
addNewAdvert()
Activation
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Object lifeline
Object creation
Boundary & Control Classes Boundary&ControlClasses
Most use cases imply at least one boundary Mostusecasesimplyatleastoneboundary
objectthatmanagesthedialoguebetween
the actor and the system in the next theactorandthesystem inthenext
sequencediagramitis:AddAdvertUI
The control object is :AddAdvert and this Thecontrolobjectis:AddAdvert andthis
managestheoverallobjectcommunication.
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Boundary&ControlClasses
Use Case: Add a new advert to a campaign
:AddAdvert
:Client :Campaign
:Advert
Campaign
Manager
p g
:AddAdvertUI
showClientCampaigns()
selectClient()
startInterface()
*getClient()
g
listCampaigns()
*getCampaignDetails()
selectCampaign()
showCampaignAdverts()
listAdverts()
*getAdvertDetails()
listAdverts()
createNewAdvert()
ddN Ad t()
Advert()
addNewAdvert()
addNewAdvert()
newAd:Advert
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Object Destruction ObjectDestruction
:Campaign
:Advert
listAdverts()
:Campaign
:Advert
*getAdvertDetails()
deleteAdvert()
destroy()
X
Object destruction
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Reflexive Messages ReflexiveMessages
:Client :Campaign :Advert
Campaign
Manager
p g
getName()
listCampaigns()
*getCampaign
Details()
checkCampaignBudget()
Details()
*getCost()
getOverheads() g ()
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Focus of Control FocusofControl
Indicatestimesduringanactivation whenprocessingistaking g p g g
placewithinthatobject
Partsofanactivationthatarenotwithinthefocusofcontrol
t i d h f l ti i iti representperiodswhen,forexample,anoperationiswaiting
forareturnfromanotherobject
Maybeshownbyshadingthosepartsoftheactivation y y g p
rectanglethatcorrespondtoactiveprocessingbyan
operation
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Focus of Control FocusofControl
Campaign
Manager
:Client :Campaign :Advert
getName()
Manager
listCampaigns()
checkCampaignB dget()
*getCampaignDetails()
checkCampaignBudget()
* getCost()
tO h d () getOverheads()
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Return Return
A return is a return of control to the object Areturnisareturnofcontroltotheobject
thatoriginatedthemessagethatbeganthe
activation activation
Returnsareshownwithadashedarrow,butit
is optional to show them at all since it can be isoptionaltoshowthematallsinceitcanbe
assumedthatcontrolisreturnedtothe
originating object at the end of the activation originatingobjectattheendoftheactivation
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Message Types MessageTypes
Asynchronousmessage or proceduralcall, shownwithafull y g p ,
arrowhead,causestheinvokingoperationtosuspend
executionuntilthefocusofcontrolhasbeenreturnedtoit
A h d ith h d Anasynchronousmessage,drawnwithanopenarrowhead,
doesnotcausetheinvokingoperationtohaltexecutionwhile
itawaitsareturn
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FurtherNotation
:ClassA Cl B :ClassA :ClassB
a
Synchronous (blocking)
message
A ti
a
b
Asynchronous message
Construction marks to
An active
object
b
{b.sendtime
a.sendtime < 3 sec}
c
< 5 sec.
{d receivetime
Construction marks to
show time constrained
interval
d
{d.receivetime
d.sendtime < 1.5 sec}
{e.sendtime -
d i i
Callback
Here e is used as
e
d.receivetime
< 6 sec}
Time
{e e < 6 sec}
Here e is used as
shorthand for
e.sendtime and
e represents
e.receivetime
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constraints
e.receivetime
Message Branching MessageBranching
:Campaign
checkCampaignBudget()
Campaign
Manager
budget:=checkCampaignBudget()
checkCampaignBudget()
results in further
interaction
addCostedAdvert()
newAd:Adve
[totalCost budget] Advert()
[totalCost > budget] Request()
rt
newRequest:Reque
st
[totalCost > budget] Request()
st
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HandlingComplexity
Complexdiagramscanbesplitintotwoor
moresmallerdiagramssuitablyannotated
Alternativelyagroupofobjectscanbe
representedbyasinglelifeline,andinteraction p y g ,
amongtheseobjectsisshownonadifferent
diagram g
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HandlingComplexity
:AddAdvertUI
:AddAdvert
These flows are
*getClient()
Campaign
Manager
showClientCampaigns()
selectClient()
listCampaigns()
These flows are
continued
next figure
startInterface()
*getClient()
selectCampaign()
showCampaignAdverts()
listCampaigns()
listAdverts()
createNewAdvert()
listAdverts()
addNewAdvert()
addNewAdvert()
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HandlingComplexity
Cli t C i
:Advert
:Client :Campaign
:Advert
*getClient()
listCampaigns()
*getCampaignDetails()
These flows are
listAdverts()
*getAdvertDetails()
These flows are
continued
from the previous
figure
addNewAdvert() addNewAdvert()
Advert()
newAd:Advert
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ObjectGrouping
Lifeline
representing a
set of objects
tN ()
CampaignAdvert
s
:Client
Campaign
Manager
set of objects
getName()
listCampaigns()
checkCampaignBudget()
listCampaigns()
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Collaboration Diagrams CollaborationDiagrams
Holdthesameinformationassequencediagrams
Showlinksbetweenobjectsthatparticipateinthe
collaboration
No time dimension sequence is captured with sequence Notimedimension,sequenceiscapturedwithsequence
numbers
Sequencenumbersarewritteninanestedstyle(forexample,
3 1 d 3 1 1) t i di t th ti f t l ithi th 3.1and3.1.1)toindicatethenestingofcontrolwithinthe
interactionthatisbeingmodelled
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CollaborationDiagrams
Oneallocationof responsibilitiesfor usecase One allocation of responsibilities for use case
Add a new advert to a campaign
3.1: showClientCampaigns()
3: selectClient()
4: selectCampaign()
4.1: showCampaignAdverts()
5: createNewAdvert() 5.1: addNewAdvert()
5.1.1: addNewAdvert()
:AddAdvertUI :AddAdvert
newAd:Adver
t
2: startInterface()
Campaign
3.1.1: listCampaigns()
5.1.1.1: Advert()
4.1.1: listAdverts()
2: startInterface()
1:*getClient()
p g
Manager
p g ()
3.1.1.1:
*getCampaignDetails()
4.1.1.1: *getAdvertDetails()
:Client :Campaign :Advert
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MessageLabels
Type Example Type Example
Simple message.
4: addNewAdvert()
Nested call with return value.
The return value is placed in the
variable name.
3.1.2: name:=getName()
Conditional message.
This message is only sent if the
diti [b l >0] i t
[balance >0] 5: debit(amount)
condition [balance >0] is true.
Synchronization with other
threads.
3.1a, 3. 1b / 4:playVideo()
Message 4: playVideo() is
invoked only once the two
concurrent messages 3.1a and g
3.1b are completed.
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NavigatingLinks
checkCampaignBudget()
2 tO h d
:Campaign :Client
2: getOverheads
1: *getCost () 1: getCost ()
The direction in which a
:Advert
link can be navigated
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ModelConsistency
Theallocationofoperationstoobjectsmustbe
consistentwiththeclassdiagramandthe
i t t t h th t f th messagesignaturemustmatchthatofthe
operation
Everysendingobjectmusthavetheobject
f f th d ti ti bj t referenceforthedestinationobject
Eitheranassociationexistsbetweentheclassesoranotherobject
passesthereferencetothesender
Messagepathwaysshouldbecarefullyanalysed
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Model Consistency ModelConsistency
Ifbothsequenceandcollaborationdiagramsareprepared q g p p
theyshouldbeconsistent
Messagesoninteractiondiagramsmustbeconsistentwith
th t t h t f th ti i ti bj t thestatechartsfortheparticipatingobjects
Implicitstatechangesininteractiondiagramsmustbe
consistentwiththoseexplicitlymodelledinstatecharts p y
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