Rules For The Classification of Ships, Pt. 26, 2009

RULES
FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF

SHIPS
Part 26 - WELDING
2009
CROATIAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING
Hrvatska (Croatia) 21000 Split Marasovieva 67 P.O.B. 187
Tel.: (...) 385 (0)21 40 81 11
Fax.: (...) 385 (0)21 35 81 59
E-mail: tech.coord@crs.hr
web site: www.crs.hr
By the decision of the General Commitee to the Croatian Register of Shipping,
the Rules for the Classification of Ships,
PART 26 - WELDING
enteres into force on 1
st
January 2009
RULES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF SHIPS
PART 26
REVIEW OF MODIFICATIONS AND ADDITIONS IN RELATION TO
2002 EDITION
Part 26. - Welding
All major changes in respect to 2002 edition throughout the text are shaded.
The grammatical and print errors, have been corrected throughout the subject chapter of the Rules and are
not subject to above indication of changes.
PART 26
2009
The subject Rules include the requirements of the following international Organisations:
International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)
Unified Requirements (UR):
W17(2005), W23(1997), W26(2005), W28(2005)
Unified Recommendations:
No. 17(1987), No. 20(1988), No. 47(2008), No. 70(2006)
International Standard Organization (ISO):
CEN ISO/TR 3834-6: 2007
European Norm (EN):
EN ISO 14731: 2006
European Norm with status of Croatian Norm:
HRN EN 287-1: 2004/+AC: 2007 +A2: 2007, HRN EN 439: 1999, HRN EN 875: 2001,
HRN EN 876: 1999, HRN EN 895: 1999, HRN EN 910: 1999, HRN EN 970: 2000,
HRN EN 1289: 2000/+A1: 2003+A2: 2008, HRN EN 1290: 2000/+A1: 2003 + A2: 2008,
HRN EN 1291: 2000/+A1: 2003 + A2: 2008, HRN EN 1320: 1999, HRN EN 1321: 1999,
HRN EN 1481: 1999, HRN EN 1435: 2000/+A1: 2003 + A2: 2008, HRN EN 1712:
2000/+A1: 2003 + A2: 2008, HRN EN 1713: 2000/+A1: 2003 + A2: 2008, HRN EN
1714: 2000/+A1: 2003 + A2: 2008, HRN EN ISO 3834-1: 2007, HRN EN ISO 3834-2:
2007, HRN EN ISO 3834-3: 2007, HRN EN ISO 3834-4: 2007, HRN EN ISO 3834-5:
2007, HRN EN ISO 4063: 2001, HRN EN ISO 5817: 2004, HRN EN ISO 6520-1: 2008,
HRN EN ISO 6947: 1999, HRN EN ISO 9606-2: 2007, HRN EN ISO 10042: 2008/+
corr. 1: 2008, HRN EN ISO 13920: 1999, HRN EN ISO 15607: 2004, HRI CEN ISO/TR
15608: 2008, HRN EN ISO 15609-1: 2008, HRN EN ISO 15614-1: 2007, HRN EN ISO
15614-2: 2007, HRN EN ISO 17562-1: 2004, HRN EN ISO 17562-2: 2004
PART 26
2009
Contents:
Page
1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, PROOF OF QUALIFICATIONS, APPROVALS ......................................... 1
1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVAL OF WELDING SHOPS AND SHIPYARDS FOR PERFORMING OF WELDING
WORKS.........................................................................................................................................................................................2
1.3 WELDER'S QUALIFICATION TESTS .......................................................................................................................................4
1.4 WELDING PROCEDURE TESTS .............................................................................................................................................19
1.5 WELDING CONSUMABLES ....................................................................................................................................................30
1.6 OVERWELDABLE SHOP PRIMERS........................................................................................................................................49
2 FABRICATION AND INSPECTION OF WELDED JOINTS......................................................................... 51
2.1 FABRICATION OF WELDED JOINTS.....................................................................................................................................51
2.2 HEAT TREATMENT..................................................................................................................................................................52
2.3 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WELDS..........................................................................................................................54
2.4 MECHANICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL TESTS..................................................................................................................59
3 WELDING IN THE VARIOUS FIELDS OF APPLICATION......................................................................... 64
3.1 WELDING OF HULL STRUCTURES.......................................................................................................................................64
3.2 WELDING OF STEAM BOILERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS.............................................................................................69
3.3 WELDING OF PIPELINES ........................................................................................................................................................70
3.4 WELDING OF MACHINERY COMPONENTS........................................................................................................................70
APPENDIX I............................................................................................................................................................................................73
APPENDIX II ..........................................................................................................................................................................................75
RULES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF SHIPS 1
PART 26
2009
1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS,
PROOF OF QUALIFICATIONS,
APPROVALS
1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1.1 General
1.1.1.1 The present Part of the Rules (hereinafter Rules)
applies to all welding operations performed in the course of
new constructions, conversion or repair:
1. ship hull, superstructure, deck houses;
2. equipment and gear;
3. machinery and machinery installation;
4. steam boilers and pressure vessels;
5. piping;
when they are subject to the technical supervi-
sion by the CROATIAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING
(hereinafter referred to as: the Register).
Note:
The terms "welding", "welding work", welding process"
etc. used in these Rules also cover all other thermal
and/or mechanized joining processes such as brazing
which, because they are deemed as "special processes"
under the terms of the quality assurance standards, re-
quire pre-qualification which has to be carried out by
qualified personnel and constantly monitored. These Rules
shall be applied in an analogous manner to these proc-
esses. The nature and scope of the quality assurance
measures required will be specified by the Register on a
case-by-case basis.
1.1.1.2 The present Part of the Rules applies to all
welding works on machinery, installations and equipment for
which the Register has issued the Rules, guidelines or other
technical directions where reference is made to this Rules.
1.1.1.3 The present Part of the Rules shall be applied
analogously where other Rules, guidelines or directions issued
by the Register contain no special instructions with regard to
welding works.
1.1.1.4 The present Part of the Rules may be applied
analogously to other welding works, other than those referred
to in 1.1.1, if they are subject to the supervision of the
Register. Where necessary, these cases shall be considered by
the Register in each particular case.
1.1.1.5 Exceptions to the present Part of the Rules shall
be agreed with the Register in each particular case.
1.1.1.6 The Register reserves the right to make amend-
ments of the present Part of the Rules, should this prove nec-
essary on the basis of more recent knowledge or operating ex-
perience.
1.1.2 Other Rules, Standards and
Specifications
1.1.2.1 The Standards and Instructions mentioned in the
following Chapters of this Part of the Rules form an integral
part of it. The same applies to the working documents (e.g.
drawings, welding specifications etc.) approved by the Regis-
ter.
1.1.2.2 The application of other Rules, standards, guide-
lines or other technical instructions shall be agreed with the
Register in each particular case.
1.1.2.3 If there are differences in requirements between
this Part of the Rules and the other relevant standards or
specifications, the requirements of this Part of the Rules shall
be applied, unless otherwise agreed.
1.1.3 Technical documentation
1.1.3.1 Technical documentation for welding which
shall be submitted to the Register for approval, prior to com-
mencement of fabrication, shall contain all necessary details
for the preparation, execution and where applicable, the in-
spection of the welds.
This information shall, as a rule, cover the fol-
lowing:
base materials, shapes and dimensions of
products;
welding process and welding consumables;
shapes and dimensions of welds;
preheating and heat input during welding;
heat treatment after welding;
subsequent treatment of the welds;
methods and scope of inspection;
requirements applicable to the welded joints
(e.g. quality, evaluation category and simi-
lar)
1.1.3.2 When during the manufacture of ships struc-
tures, materials, welding processes, welding consumables,
shapes and dimensions of welds, comply with the normal
shipbuilding practice the details referred to in 1.1.3.1. need not
be particularly specified.
1.1.3.3 For particular structures (e.g. liquefied gas
tanks), materials (e.g. high strength structural steels and clad
plates), or welding processes, the following additional infor-
mation and documentation shall be provided:
weld preparation, assembly and auxiliary
(tack) welds;
welding positions, welding sequence
(sketches);
weld build-up (build-up of joint) number of
passes;
heat input during welding (heat input per
unit of weld length)
1.1.4 Materials, Weldability
1.1.4.1 All materials shall be chosen in accordance with
the intended application and conditions of service and shall
comply with the Rules, Part 25 - Metallic Materials. Their
properties shall be documented to the specified extent by test
certificates (e.g. in compliance with HRN EN 10204).
1.1.4.2 If according to 1.1.4.1., materials to be welded
and their properties are not specified in the Rules, Part 25 -
Metallic Materials, the welding shop shall prove their
weldability (e.g. with respect to existing standards) or shall
2 RULES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF SHIPS
PART 26
2009
submit the material specifications for approval. Where there is
any doubt to the weldability of material, the welding shop
shall specially demonstrate it in the welding procedure tests.
1.1.4.3 The welding shop shall ensure that only materi-
als referred to in 1.1.4.1. and 1.1.4.2 are used and shall pro-
vide proof thereof at the Surveyors request.
1.1.5 Welding Consumables
1.1.5.1 Welding consumables shall enable a welded
joint to be appropriate to the base material and service condi-
tions. They shall be tested in compliance with the chapter 1.5
and shall be approved for the respective application. This pro-
vision applies in analogous manner to brazing materials.
1.1.5.2 Approval shall be given, as a rule, by the Regis-
ter. When, in special cases, e.g. repairs, no welding consum-
ables are approved by the Register, welding consumables ap-
proved by the other recognized testing bodies may be used in
agreement with the Register.
1.1.5.3 The welding shop supervisor shall ensure that
only tested welding consumables approved by the Register are
used and at the Surveyors request the proof thereof shall be
provided.
1.1.6 Quality Assurance, Responsibility
1.1.6.1 The welding shop is responsible for ensuring
that the manufacturing conditions and quality comply to those
at the time of approval as well as to the requirements of the
Rules and, where applicable, that the conditions stated in ap-
provals and supplementary Rules shall be complied with. The
shop shall also ensure through regular inspections and tests
that the required quality is achieved. The responsibilities of
the welding supervisors are also covered in EN ISO 14731.
The tests carried out by a Surveyor to the Register shall not
relieve the welding shop from this responsibility.
The range and extent of the quality inspections
required is determined by the structure in question.
1.1.6.2 When the delivery is carried out by subcontrac-
tors, the welding shop shall be responsible for ensuring that
the conditions of the present part of the Rules are complied
with by the subcontractors.
1.1.6.3 If alterations of the approved documentation or
deviations from approved manufacture procedure become
necessary, the welding shop shall apply for the Surveyors con-
sent thereto. The Surveyor shall notify any alterations during
fabrication.
1.1.6.4 The materials shall be marked in such a way that
they can be identified and matched up with the test certificate
during and after manufacture.
1.1.6.5 If the marking is likely to be erased during
manufacture, the welding shop shall promptly transfer the
mark to another part of the product.
1.1.6.6 In the manufacture of steam boilers and pressure
vessels, each weld joint shall be marked with the welders
symbol. This requirement may be dispensed with if the weld-
ing shop supervisory staff keep a record of the welders names
who execute the individual weld joint.
1.1.7 Inspection, liability
1.1.7.1 The welding shop is liable to present all compo-
nents of the required intermediate and final inspections to the
Surveyor. All welded joint shall be easily accessible for in-
spection. Welded joints shall not be tested with coatings or
protected so as to make it difficult or impossible to inspect the
weld in concern.
1.1.7.2 All the manufacturers records and documents
regarding the quality assurance shall be submitted to the Reg-
ister for inspection.
These shall cover in particular:
drawings and other working documents;
material test certificates;
welders and welding procedure test certifi-
cates;
test reports and relevant documents (radio-
graphs, ultrasonographs) of non-destructive
tests;
certificates on hot-forming and heat treat-
ment (where applicable);
production test results, intermediate results
(if necessary).
1.1.7.3 The Register shall give no guarantees that
welded structures or components tested by its surveyor fully
comply with the requirements and that their manufacture has
been performed correctly and in accordance with the tested
procedure. Products which prove defective in service or in op-
eration may be rejected even if an earlier inspection was satis-
factory, if the defect or deficiency cannot be rectified.
1.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVAL
OF WELDING SHOPS AND SHIPYARDS
FOR PERFORMING OF WELDING
WORKS
1.2.1 Approval
1.2.1.1 Shipyards and welding shops including their
branches and subcontractors (hereinafter organizations) which
perform welding works on structures referred to in 1.1.1., shall
be approved for these works by the Register.
The preconditions for this approval are that the
organization satisfy the requirements stated in 1.2.2, that they
are inspected by the Register in accordance with 1.2.3 and,
where necessary, that the welding procedure tests are carried
out in accordance with 1.2.4.
Any approval in accordance with 1.2.1.1 covers
the most essential welding quality requirements in accordance
with the standards HRN EN ISO 3834. For certification under
the terms of these standards, the requirements set out in 1.2.2
and 1.2.3 must be also met. These additional requirements
shall be regarded as having been met when the organization
has in place a certified quality assurance system in accordance
with standard HRN EN ISO 9001.
In special cases, a welding shop may be ap-
proved for performing welding works within the restricted
area of activity, under the special procedure, previously ap-
proved by the Register.
PART 26
2009
1.2.1.2 The application for approval shall be submitted
in writing to the Register. The application shall contain the
following data relating to the approval:
nature and structure of components;
categories and dimensions of the materials
used;
welding procedures and positions;
heat treatments (where necessary);
pressure vessel class (for boilers and pres-
sure vessels).
1.2.1.3 If a certificate of compliance with the welding
quality requirements stipulated in HRN EN ISO 3834-2, -3 or
-4 is required over and above approval in accordance with
these Rules, this must be expressly noted in the application for
approval.
1.2.1.4 Application for approval (the form is specified
in Appendix I of the present Rules) submitted to the Register
shall contain the following documentation:
a description of organization (the form is
specified in Appendix II of the present
Rules);
copies of the qualification documents of the
welding supervisors;
copies of the welders certificate or the list of
the qualified welders (testing standard, test-
ing body, date of testing, test category, date
of the last re-test) signed by a Surveyor.
copies of the welding procedure certificates.
1.2.1.5 For certification in accordance with 1.2.1.3, in-
formation and documents relating to the elements specified in
Appendix I to HRN EN ISO 3834-1 for the respective grade of
requirement (HRN EN ISO 3834-2 = comprehensive, -3 =
standard, or -4 = elementary quality requirements) must be
also enclosed with the application for approval (e.g. in the
form of relevant procedure instructions):
- contract review
- design review
- treatment of subcontractors
- equipment maintenance
- quality inspections
- non conformances
- calibration
- identification
- traceability
If the organization operates a certified quality
system comforming to the standard HRN EN ISO 9001, the
Quality Manual (and if specified in Appendix I to HRN EN
ISO 3834-1) documentation relating to the quality assurance
measures performed (quality reports) must be submitted to the
Register for inspection in place (of the above information and
documents).
1.2.1.6 An approval granted according to these Rules or
certification in accordance with HRN EN ISO 3834 shall be
valid for three (3) years. If the welding works are constantly
performed under the supervision of the Register, the validity
may be extended, at request of the organization, for next three
years, without subsequent examination.
When welding works are being performed with-
out the Register's supervision for more than one year, the va-
lidity of the Approval Certificate may be extended for a period
of three years, after the repeated supervision of the organiza-
tion.
1.2.1.7 If the conditions under which the approval was
granted, changed (e.g. the use of unqualified welding proce-
dures, materials and/or welding consumables, or if the organi-
zation supervisory staff has changed), the organization shall
duly notify the Register.
If the organization does not stick to the condi-
tions under which the approval was granted to it, the approval
shall cease to be valid. Also in case that serious defects are
detected, the Register may carry out interim inspection and if
necessary, may withdraw the approval.
1.2.2 Requirements
1.2.2.1 Organization shall have at its disposal suitable
workshops, equipment and machinery to the extent necessary
for proper performance of welding works. This includes, for
example, suitable storage facilities and baking equipment for
the welding consumables, preheating and heat treatment
equipment and means for weather protection of welding work
in the open air. Equipment and facilities which do not belong
to the organization may be taken into account when evaluating
the capabilities of the organization provided that the condi-
tions necessary for the proper manufacture are complied with
and that such equipment is available without restrictions
1.2.2.2 Organization shall have at least one fully quali-
fied welding supervisor who is responsible for ensuring of per-
forming quality welding works.
Welding supervisor shall have experience ap-
propriate to the scope of the manufacture works and shall pro-
vide necessary documentary proof to the Register.
With respect to the nature and work extent, the
following persons shall be appointed as welding supervisors:
welding engineers*; for fabrication of im-
portant components of the hull structure and
of offshore installations, also of handling
equipment, steam boilers, pressure vessels,
pressure lines and engine and transmission
components,
welding technicians** for fabrication of
simpler or less heavily stressed components.
For information relating to the qualification of
the welding supervising staff, their tasks and responsibilities,
see EN ISO 14731.
The welding supervisor shall be permanently
employed with the organization. Supervisions on the welding
works by outside staff is not acceptable.
-------------------------
* welding engineers (IWE, IWT, IWS) in the recommenda-
tions of the International Institute of Welding (IIW) /
European Welding Federation (EWF) or engineers with on
equivalent level of knowledge.
** welding technicians (IWT, IWS) as defined in the recom-
mendations of the International Institute of Welding (IIW)
/ European Welding Federation (EWF) or, if necessary,
other persons with suitable knowledge.
1.2.2.3 Organization shall be staffed with qualified
welders and for automatic welding with adequately trained
operators. The required number of qualified welders shall be
determined by the size of organization and the scope of
PART 26
2009
welding works performed under supervision of the Register.
However, a minimum of two qualified welders are required,
for each welding process. Welders for manual and semi-
automatic welding shall be tested in accordance with the
Chapter 1.3.
The welding of a test piece in a successfully
completed welding procedure may be taken as a proof of
manual skill for testing of welder qualification.
Operators of fully mechanised or automatic
welding equipment shall be trained in the use of the equipment
and be capable of setting and operating the equipment in such
a way that the required weld quality is achieved. The qualifi-
cation of the operators must be demonstrated in accordance
with HRN EN 1418/ISO 14732, on welded test pieces, e.g. in
welding procedure or fabrication test.
1.2.3 Inspection
1.2.3.1 Before starting the manufacture, a Surveyor
shall inspect organization in compliance with the requirements
of 1.2.2.
1.2.3.2 The inspection of organization shall include all
documentation necessary for evaluation of quality assurance
which shall be submitted to a Surveyor. These especially in-
clude the welding supervisors qualification documents, weld-
ers certificates, reports on previous welding procedure tests as
well as the results of the previous tests of welded joints.
For certification according to HRN EN ISO
3834, compliance with the additional quality requirements
stated in the standards shall be demonstrated to the Surveyor.
1.2.3.3 Inspection procedure, reporting and decision of
issuance Approval Certificate is in accordance with Part 4,
Rules for Classification of Ships.
1.2.4 Welding Procedure Tests
1.2.4.1 If welding procedure tests are required they shall
be carried out before the approval of organization or extension
of the approval validity. Requirements for the performance of
these tests and requirements applicable to test results are given
in Chapter 1.4 Welding procedure tests shall be performed in
such a way that the conditions of manufacture are covered
with regard to materials, welding procedures, welding con-
sumables, wall thickness, shapes of welds and heat treatment.
The properties of base material for test piece shall be docu-
mented by test certificate.
1.2.4.2 In general, a welding procedure test is valid only
within the tolerances specified in the Approval Certificate and
shall not be transferable from the organization where it has
been performed to another organization. The Register may
permit the exemption in case of a branch organization which is
under the constant supervision of the main organization where
the manufacture conditions are the same as well as the weld-
ing processes used. Welding procedure tests performed in the
workshop are not valid at the same time for welding in the
field. In such cases the welding procedure test shall be re-
peated in a whole or partly under field conditions as deter-
mined by the Register. The Register may desist from the re-
peated tests if the properties of the field welds are documented
by the production tests.
1.2.4.3 Welding procedure tests performed under the
supervision of other testing bodies may be accepted by the
Register in a whole or partly at the organization request if they
are acceptable on the basis of test results. In such cases, the
complete test reports as well as the Approval Certificate issued
by other testing body shall be submitted to the Register for
evaluation.
1.2.5 Certificate on Approval; Certificate ac-
cording to HRN EN ISO 3834
The Register shall issue Certificate on Approval
for the organization to carry out welding works, provided the
relevant requirements are satisfied in the tests. The Certificates
on Approval shall be valid within the limits specified in the
Certificates. Where proof has been furnished that the addi-
tional requirements listed in 1.2.1.5 according to HRN EN
ISO 3834 have been met, the Register issued a certificate
based on this in accordance with this standard.
If the previously issued Certificate on Approval
has been replaced or amended, the data specified in the more
recent Certificate shall be taken as valid. This applies specially
to the range of application, e.g. for a specific welding proc-
esses.
1.3 WELDER'S QUALIFICATION
TESTS
1.3.1 General
1.3.1.1 Welders qualification tests performed on struc-
tures referred to in 1.1.1 shall be carried out under supervision
of the Register in compliance with the requirements of this
Chapter.
The requirements of this Chapter, relating to
base material, apply to steel materials (HRN EN 287-1) and
aluminium materials (HRN EN ISO 9606-2). For other non-
ferrous materials, the corresponding parts of HRN EN ISO
9606, may be apply.
1.3.1.2 The requirements of this Chapter apply to the
following welding processes (reference numbers of welding
processes for symbolic representation are listed in HRN EN
ISO 4063):
111 manual metal arc welding;
114 self-shielded tubular-cored arc welding;
121 submerged arc welding with one wire
electrode;
125 submerged arc welding with tubular cored
electrode;
131 metal inert gas welding (MIG);
135 metal active gas welding (MAG);
136 tubular cored metal-arc welding with ac-
tive gas shield;
137 flux cored metal arc welding with inert
shield gas;
141 tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG);
15 plasma arc welding;
311 oxy-acetylene welding.
The welders test certificate and welding proce-
dures other than those referred to in 1.3.1.2 shall be considered
by the Register in each particular case.
PART 26
2009
1.3.2 Symbols and Abbreviations
Instead of using the full wording in the Test
Certificate of a welder, the following symbols and abbrevia-
tions shall be used:
a) test piece:
a - nominal throat thickness;
BW- butt weld
D - outside diameter of pipe
FW- fillet weld
P - plate
t - plate or pipe wall thickness
T - pipe
z - leg length of fillet weld
b) Consumables (including auxiliaries, e.g.
shielding gas, flux)
nm - no filler metal
wm- with filler metal
A - acid covering
B - basic covering or electrode core
basic
M - electrode core-metal powder
P - electrode core-rutile, fast freezing
slag
C - cellulosic covering
R - rutile covering or electrode core-
rutile slow freezing slag
RA- rutile-acid covering
RB - rutile-basic covering
RC - rutile-cellulose covering
RR - rutile covering (thick)
S - solid wire/rod
V - electrode core rutile or basic / fluo-
ride
W - electrode core-basic/fluoride, slow
freezing slag
Y - electrode core-basic/fluoride, fast
freezing slag
Z - electrode core-other types
c) Miscellaneous
bs - both-side welding
lw - left ward welding
mb - welding with backing material
ml - multi layer
nb - welding without backing
rw - right ward welding
sl - single layer
ss - single-side welding
1.3.3 Essential variables and range of qualifi-
cation
1.3.3.1 The qualification of welders is based on essen-
tial variables:
- welding processes
- product type (plate (P) and pipe (T))
- type of weld (butt (BW) and fillet (FW))
- base material group
- welding consumable
- dimension (material thickness and outside
pipe diameter)
- welding positions
- weld details (backing, single side welding,
both side welding, single layer, multi
layer, left ward welding, right ward weld-
ing).
For each essential variable a range of qualifica-
tion is defined.
1.3.3.2 Welding processes
Welding processes are defined in 1.3.1.2. Each
qualification test normally qualifies only one welding process.
Exceptions are the changes of solid wire S
(welding process 135) to metal core wire M (welding process
136 or vice versa which do not require a new qualification test
(see Table 1.3.3.6.1). However, it is permitted for a welder to
be qualified for two or more welding processes by welding a
single test piece (multi processes joint) or by two or more
separate qualification test. The range of qualification for each
welding process used and for the multi process joint for butt
welds are given in Table 1.3.3.2.
1.3.3.3 Product type
The qualification test shall be carried out on
plate or pipe. The following criteria are applicable:
a) Welds in pipes, outside diameter D > 25
mm, cover welds in plates.
b) Welds in plates cover welds in pipes:
- of outside pipe diameter D 150 mm,
for welding positions PA, PB and PC
- welding position PE for plates covers
outside pipe diameter D 500 mm in
positions PF
PART 26
2009
Table 1.3.3.2
Thickness range
Welding process used for the test piece
Single process joint Multi process joint
Key:
1 Welding process 1
2 Welding process 2
according to Table 1.3.3.6.1
for welding process 1:
t = s
1
t = s
2
with t = s
1
+ s
2
Key:
2 Welding process 2
3 Welding with backing (mb)
4 Welding without backing (nb)
Key:
1 Welding process 1
t = t
1
t = t
2
with t = t
1
+ t
2
Welding process 1 only for
welding of the root area
1.3.3.4 Type of weld
The qualification shall be carried out as butt or
fillet weld. The following criteria are applicable:
a) butt welds cover butt welds in any type of
joint except branch connections (see and
1.3.3.4 c);
b) in case where the majority of work is fil-
let welding, the welder shall also be
qualified by an appropriate fillet welding
test, in cases where the majority of work
is butt welding, butt welds qualify fillet
welds;
c) butt welds in pipes without backing qual-
ify branch connections with angle 60
o
.
For a branch weld the range of qualifica-
tion is based on the outside pipe diameter
in branch.
d) for applications where the type of weld
cannot be qualified by means of either a
butt or fillet weld then a specific test
piece should be used to qualify the
welder, e.g. branch connection.
1.3.3.5 Parent material groups
1.3.3.5.1 Steel
In order to reduce the number of qualification
tests steel materials with similar welding characteristics are
grouped in 11 material group (see Table 1.3.3.5.1).
PART 26
2009
Table 1.3.3.5.1
Group Sub-group Type of steel
Steels with a specified minimum yield strength R
eH
460 N/mm
2a
and with analysis in %
C 0,25
Si 0,60
Mn 1,8
Mo 0,70
b
S 0,045
P 0,045
Cu 0,40
b
1 Ni 0,5
b
Cr 0,3 (0,4 for castings)
b
Nb 0,06
V 0,1
b
Ti 0,05
1.1 Steels with a specified minimum yield strength R
eH
275N/mm
2
1.2 Steels with a specified minimum yield strength 275N/mm
2
< R
eH
360 N/mm
2
1.3 Normalized fine grain steels with a specified minimum yield strength R
eH
360 N/mm
2
1.4 Steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance whose analysis may exceed the requirements for
the individual elements as indicated in group 1
Thermomechanically treated fine-grain steels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength
R
eH
> 360 N/mm
2
2 2.1 Thermomechanically treated fine-grain steels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength
360 N/mm
2
< R
eH
460 N/mm
2
2.2 Thermomechanically treated fine-grain steels and cast steels with a specified minimum yield strength
R
eH
> 460 N/mm
2
Quenched and tempered and precipitation-hardened fine-grain steels except stainless steels with a speci-
fied minimum yield strength R
eH
> 360 N/mm
2
3.1 Quenched and tempered and precipitation-hardened fine-grain steels except stainless steels with a speci-
fied minimum yield strength 360 N/mm
2
< R
eH
690 N/mm
2
3.2 Quenched and tempered and precipitation-hardened fine-grain steels except stainless steels with a speci-
fied minimum yield strength R
eH
> 690 N/mm
2
3
3.3 Precipitation-hardened fine-grain steels except stainless steels
Low vanadium alloyed Cr-Mo (Ni) steels with Mo 0,7% and V 0,1%
4.1 Steels with Cr 0,3% and Ni 0,7% 4
4.2 Steels with Cr 0,7% and Ni 1,5%
Cr-Mo steels free of vanadium with C 0,35%
5.1 Steels with 0,75% Cr 1,5% and Mo 0,7%
5.2 Steels with 1,5% < Cr 3,5% and 0,7% < Mo 0,7%
5
High vanadium alloyed Cr-Mo (Ni) steels
6.1 Steels with 0,3% Cr 0,75%, Mo 0,7% and V 0,35%
6.2 Steels with 0,75% < Cr 3,5%, 0,7% < Mo 1,2% and V 0,35%
6.3 Steels with 3,5% < Cr 7,0%, Mo 0,7% and 045% V 0,55%
6
6.4 Steels with 7,0% < Cr 12,5%, 0,7% < Mo 1,2% and V 0,35%
Ferritic, martensitic or precipitation-hardened stainless steels with C 0,35% and 10,5% Cr 30%
7.1 Ferritic stainless steels
7.2 Martensitic stainless steels
7
7.3 Precipitation-hardened stainless steels
PART 26
2009
Table 1.3.3.5.1-continuous
Group Sub-group Type of steel
Austenitic stainless steels Ni 31%
8.1 Austenitic stainless steels with Cr 19%
8.2 Austenitic stainless steels with Cr > 19%
8
8.3 Manganese austenitic stainless steels with 4% Mo 12%
Nickel alloy steels with Ni 10,0%
9.1 Nickel alloy steels with Ni 3,0%
9.2 Nickel alloy steels with 3,0% < Ni 8,0%
9
9.3 Nickel alloy steels with 8,0% < Ni 10,0%
Austenitic ferritic stainless steels (duplex)
10.1 Austenitic ferritic stainless steels with Cr 24% 10
10.2 Austenitic ferritic stainless steels with Cr > 24%
Steels covered by group 1
c
except 0,25% < C 0,85%
11.1 Steels as indicated in group 11 with 0,25% < C 0,35%
11.2 Steels as indicated in group 11 with 0,35% < C 0,5%
11
11.3 Steels as indicated in group 11 s 0,5% < C 0,85%
Note:
Based on the actual product analysis, group 2 steels may be considered as group 1.
a
In accordance with specification of the steel product standards R
eH
may be replaced by R
p0,2
or R
t0,5
.
b
A higher value is accepted provided that Cr + Mo + Ni + Cu + V 0,75%.
c
A higher value is accepted provided that Cr + Mo + Ni + Cu + V 1%.
1.3.3.5.2 Range of qualification for parent metal groups-
steel
The welding of any one metal in material group
confers qualification on the welder for the welding of all
other metal within the same material group as well as other
material groups according Table 1.3.3.5.2.
Table 1.3.3.5.2
Range of qualification
9 10 11
Material
group
a
of the
test piece
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9.1 9.2+9.3
1.1, 1.2, 1.4 X - - - - - - - - - - - -
1.3 X X X X - - - - - X - - X
2 X X X X - - - - - X - - X
3 X X X X - - - - - X - - X
4 X X X X X X X X - X - - X
5 X X X X X X X X - X - - X
6 X X X X X X X X - X - - X
7 X X X X X X X X - X - - X
8 - - - - - - - - X - X X -
9.1 X X X X - - - - - X - - X
9
9.2+9.3 X - - - - - - - - - X - -
10 - - - - - - - - X - X X -
11 X X - - - - - - - - - - X
a
Material group according to HRI CEN ISO/TR 15608.
Note:
X indicates those material groups for which the welder is qualified.
- indicates those material groups for which the welder is not qualified.
PART 26
2009
1.3.3.5.3 Aluminium and aluminium alloy
In order to reduce the number or qualification
tests, aluminium and aluminium alloy with similar welding
characteristics are grouped in 6 material group (see Table
1.3.3.5.3).
Table 1.3.3.5.3
Group Sub-group Type of aluminium or aluminium alloy
21 Pure aluminium with 1% impurities or alloy content
Non-heat treatable alloys
22.1 Aluminium-manganese alloy
22.2 Aluminium-manganesium alloy Mg 1,5%
22.3 Aluminium-manganesium alloy 1,5% < Mg 3,5%
22
22.4 Aluminium-manganesium alloy Mg > 3,5%
Heat-treatable alloys
23.1 Aluminium-manganesium-silicon alloys 23
23.2 Aluminium-zinc magnesium alloys
Aluminium-silicon alloys with Cu 1%
24.1 Aluminium-silicon alloys with Cu 1% and 5% < Si 15% 24
24.2 Aluminium-silicon-magnesium alloys with Cu 1%; 5% < Si 15% and 0,1% < Mg 0,80%
25 Aluminium-silicon-copper alloys with 5% < Si 14%; 1% < Cu 5% and Mg 0,8%
26 Aluminium-copper alloys with 2% < Cu 6%
Note:
Groups 21 to 23 are generally for wrought materials and groups 24 to 26 are generally for cast materials.
1.3.3.5.4 Range of qualification for parent material
groups-aluminium and aluminium alloy.
The welding of any one metal in material
group confers qualification on the welder for the welding of
all other metal within the same material group as well as
other material groups according Table 1.3.3.5.4.
Table 1.3.3.5.4
Material group
a
of the test piece
21 22 23 24 25 26
21 X X - - - -
22 X X - - - -
23 X X X
b
- - -
24 - - - X X -
25 - - - X X -
26 - - - X X X
a
Material group according to HRI CEN ISO TR 15608
b
Qualifying with AlMg alloy of welding consumable qualified AlSi alloy but not vice
versa
Note:
X indicates those material groups for which the welder is qualified.
- indicates those material groups for which the welder is not qualified.
PART 26
2009
1.3.3.6 Welding consumables
1.3.3.6.1 Steel
The range of qualifications for welding con-
sumables are given in Table 1.3.3.6.1. Qualification with
filler material, e.g. with welding processes 141, 15 and 311,
qualifies for welding without filler metal but not vice versa.
Table 1.3.3.6.1
Range of qualification Welding
process
Welding consumables
used in the test
b
A, RA, RB, RC, RR, R B C
A, RA, RB, RC, RR, R x - -
B x x - 111
C - - x
- -
solid wire
(S)
electrode core
(M)
electrode core
(B)
electrode core
(R, P, V, W, Y, Z)
solid wire (S) X X - - 131
135
136
141
electrode core (M) X X - -
136 electrode core (B) - - X X
114
136
electrode core
(R, P, V, W, Y, Z)
- - - X
a
The type of welding consumables used in the qualification test of welders for root run welding without back-
ing (ss nb) is the type of welding consumables qualified for root run welding in production.
Note:
X indicates those welding consumables for which the welder is qualified.
- indicates those welding consumables for which the welder is not qualified.
1.3.3.6.2 Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Qualification with filler material e.g. with
welding processes 141 and 15, qualifies for welding without
filler metal but not vice versa.
Qualification with filler material of AlMg alloy,
qualified filler metal of AlSi alloy but not vice versa.
For welding process 131, increasing of helium
content in shielding gas more than 50%, requires new qualifi-
cation.
1.3.3.7 Dimensions
1.3.3.7.1 Steel
Range of qualifications of butt welds for mate-
rial thickness of plate and pipe, and outside pipe diameter, are
given in Tables 1.3.3.7.1-a and 1.3.3.7.1-b.
Table 1.3.3.7.1-a
Thickness
a
t
mm
t < 3 t to 2 x t
b
3 t 12 3 to 2 x t
c
t > 12 5
a
Full multi processes s1 and s
2
of Table 1.3.3.2 apply:
b
For oxy acetilene welding (311): t to t 1,5 x t
c
For oxy acetilene welding (311): 3 mm to 1,5 t
Table 1.3.3.7.1-b
Outside pipe diameter of test
piece
D
mm
D 25 D to 2 x D
D > 25 0,5 x D (25 mm min.)
a
For structural hollow section, D is the dimension of the
smaller side.
For fillet welds, range of qualifications, for
thickness of materials are given in Table 1.3.3.7.1-c.
Table 1.3.3.7.1-c
Material thickness
of test piece
t
mm
t < 3 t to 3
t 3 3
a
See also Table 1.3.3.9.1.
1.3.3.7.2 Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Range of qualifications of butt welds for mate-
rial thickness of plate and pipe, and outside pipe diameter are
given in Tables 1.3.3.7.2-a and 1.3.3.7.2-b.
PART 26
2009
Table 1.3.3.7.2-a
Material thickness
of test piece
t
mm
t 6 0,5 t do 2 t
t > 6 6
Table 1.3.3.7.2-b
Outside pipe diameter of
test piece
a
D
mm
D 25 D to 2 x D
D > 25 0,5 x D (25 mm min.)
a
For structural hollow sections, D is the dimension of the
smaller side.
For fillet welds, range of qualifications, for
thickness materials are given in Table 1.3.3.7.2-c.
Table 1.3.3.7.2-c
Material thickness
of test piece
t
mm
t < 3 t to 3
t 3 3
a
See also Table 1.3.3.9.1.
1.3.3.8 Welding positions
1.3.3.8.1 Welding positions for plates and pipes are
given in Figures 1.3.3.8.1-a and 1.3.3.8.1-b (in accordance
with HRN EN ISO 6947). The positions and angles used in
approval test shall be bused on the same tolerances as used in
productions.
PART 26
2009
PA Flat PC Horizontal
PG Vertical downwards PE Overhead PF Vertical upwards
a) Butt welds
PA Flat PB Horizontal
PG Vertical downwards PD Horizontal overhead PF Vertical upwards
b) Fillet welds
Figure 1.3.3.8.1-a
Welding positions for plates
PART 26
2009
PA
Pipe: rotating
Axis: horizontal
Weld flat
PF
Pipe: fixed
Axis: horizontal
Weld: vertical upwards
PG Pipe: fixed
Axis: horizontal
Weld: vertical downwards
PC
Pipe: fixed
Axis: vertical
Weld: horizontal-vertical
J-L045
Pipe: fixed
Axis: inclined
H-L045
Pipe: fixed
Axis: inclined
Weld: upward
a) Butt welds
PA
Pipe: rotating
Axis: inclined
Weld: flat
PB
Pipe: rotating
Axis: horizontal
PG
Pipe: fixed
Axis: horizontal
PB
Pipe: fixed
Axis: vertical
PF
Pipe: fixed
Axis: horizontal
Weld: vertical upwards
PD
Pipe: fixed
Axis: vertical
Weld: horizontal overhead
b) Fillet welds
Figure 1.3.3.8.1-b
Welding positions for pipes
PART 26
2009
1.3.3.8.2 Range of qualification for welding positions is
given in Table 1.3.3.8.2.
Table 1.3.3.8.2
Range of qualification Welding
position of
test piece
PA PB
a
PC PD
a
PE PF
(Plate)
PF
(Pipe)
PG
(Plate)
PG
(Pipe)
H-L045 J-L045
PA x x - - - - - - - - -
PB
a
x x - - - - - - - - -
PC x x x - - - - - - - -
PD
a
x x x x x x - - - - -
PE x x x x x x - - - - -
PF (Plate) x x - - - x - - - - -
PF (Pipe) x x - x x x x - - - -
PG (Plate) - - - - - - - x - - -
PG (Pipe) x x - x x - - x x - -
H-L045 x x x x x x x - - x -
J-L045 x
a
Welding position PB and PD are only used for fillet welds and can only qualify fillet welds in other welding positions.
Note:
x Indicates those welding positions for which the welder is qualified
- Indicates those welding positions for which the welder is not qualified
1.3.3.9 Weld details
Depending on the weld details, the ranges of
qualification are given in Tables 1.3.3.9.1 and 1.3.3.9.2.
When welding with process 311 a change of
welding direction requires a new qualification test.
Table 1.3.3.9.1
Weld details of test piece
single-side welding/
welding without backing
(ss nb)
welding with backing
(ss mb)
welding from both sides
(bs)
welding without backing (ss nb)
x x x
welding with backing (ss mb)
- x x
welding from both sides (bs) - x x
Note:
x indicates those welds for which the welder is qualified.
- indicates those welds for which the welder is not qualified.
Table 1.3.3.9.2
Test piece
a
single layer
(sl)
multi layer
(ml)
single layer (sl) x -
multi layer (ml) x x
a Throat thickness shall be in the range of 0,5 x t a 0,7 x t
Note:
x indicates the layer technique for which the welder is qualified.
- indicates the layer technique for which the welder is not qualified.
PART 26
2009
1.3.4 Welding and testing of test piece
1.3.4.1 General
The welding and testing of a test piece shall be
witnessed by a Surveyor to the Register or another test body
approved by the Register for that purpose.
1.3.4.2 Shape and dimensions of test piece
The shape and dimensions of test piece are
shown in Figures 1.3.4.2-1, 1.3.4.2-2, 1.3.4.2-3 and 1.3.4.2-4.
1.3.4.3 Welding conditions
The approval test for the welder shall corre-
spond to the conditions in production and shall follow the
welding process specification (WPS), i.e. the following con-
ditions:
a) The test shall be carried out with the welding
processes to be used in production.
b) Filler metal(s) shall be in accordance with the
welding procedures and positions applied.
c) The edge preparation of plates and/or pipes
for test piece shall be representative of that to
be used in production.
d) The electrical source for welding shall corre-
spond to that used in production.
e) Welders qualification test shall be carried out
in the welding positions and angles of branch
connections normally used in production.
f) The test piece shall have at least one stop and
one re-start in the root run and in the top run.
g) The welder shall be allowed to remove minor
imperfections by grinding, except on the sur-
face after finishing the weld. The approval of
the Surveyor to the Register shall be ob-
tained.
h) Test piece shall be properly marked.
i) Any post-weld heat treatment required by
WPS can be omitted unless bend test are re-
quired.
For t 6 mm, a 0,5 t
For t < 6 mm, 0,5 t a t
(z 0,7 t)
Figure 1.3.4.2-1
Dimensions of test piece for weld in plate
(Dimensions in millimetres)
Figure 1.3.4.2-2
Dimensions of test piece for fillet weld(s) on plate
PART 26
2009
t refers to the thinner part
For t 6 mm, a 0,5 t
For t < 6 mm, 0,5 t a t
(z 0,7 t)
Figure 1.3.4.2-3
Dimensions of test piece for weld in pipe
Figure 1.3.4.2-4
Dimensions of test piece for a fillet weld on pipe
1.3.4.4 Test methods
The completed weld shall be examined visu-
ally. After satisfactory visual examination the additional tests
shall be carried out in compliance with Table 1.3.4.4.1 (steel)
and Table 1.3.4.4.2 (Al and Al-alloys).
When permanent backing was used in the quali-
fication test it shall be removed prior to destructive testing.
The test specimen for macroscopic examination
shall be prepared and etched on one side to clearly reveal the
weld. Polish is not required.
When radiographic testing of butt welds made
by welding processes 131, 135, 136 (only metal cared wires)
and 311 it shall be supplemented by either two additional
bend tests (one face and one root or two side bends) or two
fracture tests.
Table 1.3.4.4.1 (steel)
Test method
Test method
Butt weld
(in plate or pipe)
Fillet weld and branch connection
Visual testing according to (HRN EN 970) mandatory mandatory
Radiographic testing according to
(HRN EN 1435)
mandatory
1,2,3
not mandatory
Bend test according to (HRN EN 910) mandatory
1,2,6
not applicable
Fracture test according to (HRN EN 1320) mandatory
1,2,6
mandatory
3,5
1) Either radiographic testing or bend or fracture tests shall be used.
2) When radiographic testing is used, then additional bend or fracture tests are mandatory for welding processes 131, 135, 136
(only metal cored wire) and 311.
3) The fracture tests may be replaced by macroscopic examination according to HRN EN 1321 of at least two sections.
4) The radiographic testing may be replaced by an ultrasonic testing according to HRN EN 1714 for thickness 8 mm onferritic
steels only.
5) The fracture tests on pipes may be replaced by radiographic testing.
6) For outside pipe diameter D 25 mm, the bend or fracture tests may be replaced by a notched tensile test of the complete test
piece (example is given in Figure 1.3.4.5.1-d).
PART 26
2009
Table 1.3.4.4.2 (Al and Al-alloys)
Test methods
Test methods
Butt weld
(in plate or pipe)
Fillet weld and branch connection
Visual testing according to (HRN EN 970) mandatory mandatory
Radiographic testing according to
(HRN EN 1435)
mandatory
1,2
not mandatory
Bend test according to (HRN EN 910) mandatory
1,2,5
not applicable
Fracture test according to (HRN EN 1320) mandatory
1,2,5
mandatory
3,4
1) Except process 131, either radiographic testing or bend or fracture tests shall be used.
2) When radiographic testing is used, then additional bend or fracture tests are mandatory for welding processes 131.
3) The fracture tests may be replaced by macroscopic examination according to HRN EN 1321 of at least two sections.
4) The fracture tests on pipes may be replaced by radiographic testing.
5) For outside pipe diameter D 25 mm, the bend or fracture tests may be replaced by a notched tensile test of the complete test
piece (example is given in Figure 1.3.4.5.1-d).
1.3.4.5 Test pieces and test specimens
1.3.4.5.1 But weld in plate and pipe
When radiographic testing is used, (see Figures
1.3.4.5.1-a, and c-1, c-2), the examination length in the test
piece shall be radiographed in the as-welded condition (with-
out removal of excess weld metal).
When fracture testing is used, the test piece ex-
amination length shall be cut into the test specimen of equal
width (which must be 40 mm, see Figure 1.3.4.5.1-b). To
reach fracture in weld metal test specimen may be addition-
ally notched on edges to depth ~ 5 mm.
When transverse bend testing according HRN
EN 910 is used, 2 root bend test specimen and 2 face bend
test specimen shall be tested. The diameter of the former or
the inner roller shall be 4 x t, and the bending angle 180
o
for
parent metal with elongation A 20%.
When only transverse bend test is carried out,
the examination length shall be cut into test specimens of
equal width and all of them shall be tested. When only side
bend test are used, a minimum of four test specimen shall be
taken equally spaced along the examination length. One of
these side bend tests shall be taken from the start and stop
area in the examination length.
For pipes, the number of the additional fracture
or transverse bend tests specimens to welding processes 131,
135, 136 (only metal cored wire) or 311, using the radio-
graphic testing, depends on the welding position. For all
welding positions, two root and two face bend test specimen
shall be tested (see Figures 1.3.4.5.1-c1 and c-2).
a) Dimensions of test piece-plate
Inspection length of the test specimen
b) Preparation
c-1) Position and number of test pieces for
PA and PC position
(1-root, 2-face)
c-2) Position and number of test pieces for PF, PG, H-L045
and J-L045 positions
(1 and 3-root, 2 and 4-face)
PART 26
2009
d) Tensile test of the complete test piece
Figure 1.3.4.5.1
Preparation and fracture testing of test specimens for a
butt weld on plate
1.3.4.5.2 Fillet weld on plate
For the fracture test according to HRN EN
1320, the test piece may be cut, if necessary, into several test
specimens (see Figure 1.3.4.5.2). Each test specimen shall be
positioned for breaking in accordance with HRN EN 1320
and examined after fracture.
When macroscopic examination is used, at least
two test specimen shall be taken, one macroscopic specimen
shall be taken at the stop/start location.
a) Section into an even-number of test specimen b) Fracture testing
(The fillet weld may be notched, if necessary)
Figure 1.3.4.5.2
Preparation and fracture testing of test specimens for a fillet weld on plate
(dimensions in millimetres)
1.3.4.5.3 Fillet weld on pipe
For fracture test according to HRN EN 1320,
the test piece shall be cut into 4 or more test specimens and
fractured (see Figure 1.3.4.5.3).
When macrosonic examination is used, at least
two test specimen shall be taken, one macroscopic specimen
shall be taken from the stop/start location.
Figure 1.3.4.5.3
1.3.5 Acceptance requirements for test pieces
Test pieces shall be evaluated according to the
acceptance requirements specified for relevant types of de-
fects. Full explanation of these defects is given in HRN EN
6520.
The acceptance requirements for defects found
by these methods according to this standard shall be assessed
in accordance with HRN EN ISO 5817 for steel and in accor-
dance with HRN EN ISO 10042 for aluminium alloys. A
welder is approved if the defects in the test piece are within
the specified limits of level B in HRN EN ISO 5817 for steel
and in accordance with HRN EN ISO 10042 for aluminium
alloys. Exceptions are the following defects: excess weld
metal (butt weld), excess thickness of a fillet weld, excess
throat thickness and excessive penetration, for which level C
shall apply.
If the defects in the welders test piece exceed
the permitted maximum, then the welder shall not be ap-
proved.
Length of the
test piece
PART 26
2009
1.3.6 Re - tests
If it is established that failure is due to the met-
allurgical or other external causes and cannot be attributed to
the welders lack of skill, an additional test shall be required
in order to assess the quality and integrity of the new test or
additional specimen material and/or new test conditions.
1.3.7 Period of validity
1.3.7.1 Initial approval
The validity of the welders approval begins
from the date when all the required tests are satisfactorily
completed. This date may be different from the date of issue
marked on the certificate. The welders approval shall remain
valid for two years provided that the following conditions are
fulfilled and that this is stipulated in the relevant certificate at
the 6 month intervals by the employer or the supervisor.
a) The welder shall be engaged with reason-
able continuity on welding work within
the current range of approval. Ann inter-
ruption for a period no longer than 6
months is permitted.
b) The welders work shall be in general ac-
cordance with the same technical condi-
tions as those under which the approval
test has been carried out. If any of these
conditions are not fulfilled, the approval
shall be cancelled.
1.3.7.2 Prolongation
The validity of the Approval Test Certificate
may be prolonged for future periods of two years within the
original range of approval provided that:
- the production welds made by the welder
are of the required quality;
- records of tests, e.g. documentation on x-
ray or ultrasonic examinations as well as
test reports on fracture test or remarks of
the appointed supervisors shall be main-
tained on file with the welders Approval
Certificate.
The Surveyor to the Register shall verify com-
pliance with the above conditions and sign the prolongation
of the welders Approval test Certificate.
1.3.8 Welder Approval Test Certificate Form
This Certificate shall certify that the welder has
satisfied the examination tests. If one of the tests has not been
satisfied, the Certificate shall not be issued to the welder.
The Approval Test Certificate shall be issued
only at the sole responsibility of the examiners or testing
bodies.
1.4 WELDING PROCEDURE TESTS
1.4.1 General
Welding procedures applied to the manufacture
and build in of structures referred to in 1.1.1 shall be tested
and approved by the Register in compliance with the re-
quirements of this Chapter. This Chapter specifies the scope
and methods of the welding procedure testing for the arc
welding of steels and aluminium alloys referred to in 1.3.1.2.
The welding procedure tests of other metallic materials shall
be considered by the Register in each particular case.
1.4.2 Definitions
1.4.2.1 General
a) Welding procedure specification is a
specification of materials, weld shape,
method of welding and parameters em-
ployed in the welding of a particular joint.
b) Welding procedure qualification is a test
carried out in order to demonstrate that a
weld performed in accordance with the
welding procedure specification complies
with the given requirements.
c) Welding Production Test is a test carried
out on the test plates which are welded
under the same conditions as the produc-
tion welding in order to check the weld-
ing procedure specification and the re-
quired properties of the welded joint.
1.4.2.2 Welding procedure specification
The organization which apply for testing of
welding procedure shall submit to Register preliminary
welding procedure specification containing the following
data:
- base material (standard, conditions of
heat treatment),
- dimensions of base material (thickness,
diameter),
- joint/grove design,
- welding procedure,
- position and direction of welding
- welding consumables (grade, trade name,
wire diameter, shielding gas, flux);
- number of passes (layers),
- welding parameters (voltage, current,
speed);
- preheat and interpass temperature,
- post-weld heat treatment.
1.4.3 Test piece
1.4.3.1 General
The test piece for welding procedure test shall
be of a sufficient dimensions to ensure a reasonable heat dis-
tribution (dissipation).
1.4.3.2 Materials, direction of rolling
The materials used in the welding procedure
test must be unambiguously identifiable on the basis of their
marking and certificates. The direction of rolling of the test
piece must be ascertainable, and shall be parallel to the di-
rection of welding. The orientation of the rolling direction
shall be stated in the test report.
PART 26
2009
1.4.3.3 Shape and dimensions of test piece
a) Butt weld in plate
The test piece shall be in accordance with
the Figure 1.4.3.3-1.
The length of the test piece shall be suffi-
cient to provide for the appropriate test
specimens as given in Tables 1.4.4.1-1
and 1.4.4.1-2.
Edge preparation and fit-up as detailed in the preliminary
welding procedure specification
a = 3 t: minimum value 150 mm
b = 6 t: minimum value 350 mm
Figure 1.4.3.3-1
Test piece for a butt weld in plate
b) Butt weld in pipe
Test piece shall be in accordance with
Figure 1.4.3.3-2. When small pipe di-
ameters are used, several test pieces may
appear necessary.
Edge preparation and fit-up as detailed in the preliminary
welding procedure specification
a = minimum value 150 mm
D = outside diameter
t = wall thickness
Figure 1.4.3.3-2
Test piece for a butt weld in pipe
c) Branch connection
Figure 1.4.3.3-3. The angle is the
minimum to be used in production. In this
case a branch connection is considered as
a fully penetrated joint.
Edge preparation and fit-up as detailed in the
preliminary welding procedure specification
a = minimum value 150 mm
D
1
= outside diameter of the main pipe
t
1
= wall thickness of the main pipe
D
2
= outside diameter of the branch pipe
t
2
= wall thickness of the branch pipe
= angle between main and branch pipe
Figure 1.4.3.3-3
Test piece for a branch connection or a fillet weld on pipe
d) Fillet weld
Figure 1.4.3.3-4 for plates, or with Figure
1.4.3.3-3 for pipes.
a = 3 t; minimum value 150 mm
b = 6 t; minimum value 350 mm
t
1
and t
2
= thickness of the plates
Figure 1.4.3.3-4
Test piece for a fillet weld on plate (T-joint)
Weld one side or both
sides and fit-up as
detailed in the prelimi-
nary welding procedure
specification
t
PART 26
2009
1.4.3.4 Welding of test piece
Preparation and welding of test piece shall be
carried out in accordance with the welding procedure specifi-
cation and in the presence of a Surveyor to the Register.
1.4.4 Examination and testing
1.4.4.1 Extent of testing
The testing including non-destructive examina-
tion as well as destructive testing shall be in accordance with
the Table 1.4.4.1-1 (for steel) and Table 1.4.4.1-2 (for alu-
minium alloys).
Table 1.4.4.1-1 (steel)
Test piece Type of test Extent of testing Note
Butt weld with full penetration
Figures 1.4.3.3-1
and 1.4.3.3-2
Visual
Radiographic or ultrasonic
Surface crack detection
Transverse tensile test
Transverse bend test
Impact test
Hardness test
Macro examination
100%
100%
100%
2 specimens
2 root and
2 face specimens
2 sets (each 3 specimens)
required
1 specimen
-
4
1
-
2
6
3
-
T-joint with full penetration
Figure 1.4.3.3-4
Branch connection
Fig. 1.4.3.3-3
Visual
Ultrasonic or radiographic
Hardness test
Macro radiographic examination
100%
100%
100%
required
2 specimens
5
1 and 5
4,5 and 7
3 and 5
5
Fillet weld on plate
Fig. 1.4.3.3-4
Fillet weld on pipe
Fig. 1.4.3.3-3
Visual
Hardness test
Macro radiographic examination
100%
100%
required
2 specimens
5
1 and 5
3 and 5
5
Notes:
1
) Penetrant testing or magnetic particle testing.
For non-magnetic materials, penetrant testing.
2
) 2 root and 2 face bend test specimens may be substituted by 4 side bend test specimens for t 12 mm.
3
) Not required for parent materials subgroup 1.1 and group 8.
4
) Ultrasonic testing is applicable for t < 8 mm and for material groups 8 and 10.
5
) Testing as detailed does provide information on the mechanical properties of the joint. Where these properties are relevant to the
application an additional approval shall also be held e.g. a butt weld approval.
6
) 1 set in the weld metal and 1 set in the HAZ. Required only for t 12 mm and only for parent materials having specified impact
properties. If a testing temperature has not been specified, testing shall be performed at room temperature (see also 1.4.4.4-d).
7
) For outside diameter 50 mm, no ultrasonic test is required.
For outside diameter > 50 mm, if it is not technically possible to execute the ultrasonic examination, radiographic examination
shall be provided that the joint configuration will allow meaningful results.
PART 26
2009
Table 1.4.4.1-2 (aluminium alloys)
Test piece Type of test Extent of testing Note
Butt weld with full penetration
Figures 1.4.3.3-1
and 1.4.3.3-2
Visual
Radiographic or ultrasonic
Penetrant test
Transverse tensile test
Transverse bend test
Macro-examination
Micro-examination
100%
100%
100%
2 specimens
2 root and
2 face specimens
1 specimen
1 specimen
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
T-joint with full penetration
Figure 1.4.3.3-4
Branch connection
3
)
Fig. 1.4.3.3-3
Visual
Penetrant test
Macro-examination
Micro-examination
100%
100%
4 specimens
1 specimens
-
-
4
2
Fillet weld on plate
3
)
Fig. 1.4.3.3-4
Fillet weld on pipe
Fig. 1.4.3.3-3
Visual
Penetrant test
Macro-examination
Micro-examination
100%
100%
2 specimens
1 specimens
-
-
-
2
Note:
1
) 2 root and 2 face bend test specimens may be preferably substituted by 4 side bend test specimens for t 12 mm.
2
) Only for material groups 23 and all casting alloys.
3
) Testing as detailed does not provide information on the mechanical properties of the joint. Where these properties are relevant to
the application an additional approval shall also be held e.g. a butt weld approval.
4
) For test specimen in accordance with Figure 1.4.3.3-4, only 2 macro specimens.
1.4.4.2 Location and cutting of test specimens
The location of test specimens shall be in ac-
cordance with figures 1.4.4.2-1, 1.4.4.2.-2 and 1.4.4.2-3.
The cutting of test specimens shall be carried
out mechanically after the satisfactory results of the non-
destructive examination (X-ray or US).
Area 1 for:
- 1 tensile specimen
- bend specimens
Area 2 for:
- impact and additional test specimens if required
Area 3 for:
- bend specimens
Area 4 for:
- 1 macro test specimen (steel, aluminium, alloys)
- 1 hardness test specimen (steel)
- 1 micro test specimen (aluminium alloys)
Figure 1.4.4.2-1
Location of test specimens for a butt weld in plate
Discard 25 mm
Discard 25 mm
PART 26
2009
Area 1 for:
- bend specimens
Area 2 for:
- impact and additional test specimens if required
Area 3 for:
- 1 tensile specimens
- bend specimens
Area 4 for:
- 1 macro test specimen (steel, aluminium, alloys)
- 1 hardness test specimen (steel)
- 1 micro test specimen (aluminium alloys)
Figure 1.4.4.2-2
Location of test specimens for a butt weld in pipe
Figure 1.4.4.2-3
Location of test specimens for a branch connection or a fillet weld on pipe
Top for fixed pipe
a) steel
1) Specimen for macro and hardness ex-
amination to be taken in positions
A and B
2) Specimen for macro only in position B
b) aluminium alloys
1) Specimen for macro to be taken
in positions A and B
2) Specimen for micro only in
position A
PART 26
2009
Figure 1.4.4.4-e
Typical examples of hardness testing
1.4.4.3 Non-destructive examination
a) steel
After any required post-weld heat treatment and
prior to the cutting of test specimens, all test pieces shall be
examined visually and subjected to a non-destructive exami-
nation in accordance with Table 1.4.4.1-1. For non-post weld
heat treated test pieces, account should be taken of the mate-
rials that are susceptible to hydrogen induced cracking and
consequently the NDE should be delayed.
Depending upon joint geometry, materials and
requirements for work, the NDE shall be carried out in ac-
cordance with appropriate standards (HRN EN 970 - visual
examination; HRN EN 1435 - radiographic examination;
HRN EN 1714 - ultrasonic examination; HRN EN 1289
penetrant testing and HRN EN 1290 - magnetic testing).
A welding procedure is approved if the imper-
fections in the test piece are within the specified limits of
level B in HRN EN ISO 5817, except for imperfection types:
excess weld metal, excess convexity, excess throat thickness
and excessive penetration, for which level C in HRN EN ISO
5817 shall apply.
b) aluminium alloys
After any required post-weld heat treatment
natural or artificial ageing and prior to the cutting of test
specimens, all test pieces shall be examined visually and non-
destructively in accordance with Table 1.4.4.1-2.
Depending upon joint geometry, materials and
requirements for work, the NDE shall be carried out in ac-
cordance with appropriate standards (HRN EN 970 - visual
examination and HRN EN 1289 penetrant testing).
A welding procedure is approved if the imper-
fections in the test piece are within the specified limits of
level B in HRN EN ISO 10042, except for imperfection types
as follows: excess weld metal, excess convexity, excess
throat thickness and excessive penetration, for which level C
in HRN EN ISO 10042 shall apply.
1.4.4.4 Destructive tests
a) Transverse tensile testing
Specimens and testing for transversal ten-
sile testing for butt joints shall be in ac-
cordance with 2.4.3. For pipes with out-
side diameter > 50 mm, the weld rein-
forcement shall be removed on both sides
to give a test specimen a thickness equal
PART 26
2009
to the wall thickness of the pipe. For
pipes with outside diameter, 50 mm
when the full section of pipe is used as
test specimen, the weld reinforcement
may be left undressed on the inside sur-
face of the pipe.
The tensile strength on the test specimen
shall normally not be less than the corre-
sponding specified minimum value for
the base material (for steel).
The tensile strength of the test specimen
shall normally not be less than the corre-
sponding specified minimum value for
the base material, in the "soft" condition
(for aluminium alloys).
For dissimilar materials (different alloys)
tensile strength of weaker material in
joint should be achieved.
b) Bend testing
Specimens and testing for butt joints shall
be in accordance with 2.4.4.
For dissimilar materials, one root and one
face longitudinal bend test specimen may
be used instead of four transverse bend
test specimen. The diameter of the former
shall be 4 x t and the bending angle 180
o
(for steels).
For all groups of aluminium alloys the
bend angle shall be 180
o
using the former
diameter given in Table 1.4.4.4-b.
During testing, the test specimens shall
not reveal any cracks > 3 mm in any di-
rection.
c) Macro-examination
The test specimen shall be prepared and
etched in accordance with HRN EN 1321
on one side to clearly reveal the fusion
line, the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the
build up of the runs. The acceptance level
stated in 1.4.4.3-a) and -b) shall be appli-
cable.
d) Impact testing
Test specimen and testing for impact tests
for butt joints shall be in accordance with
2.4.5. Impact tests shall cover two sets
comprising 3 test specimens each
(Charpy V-notch), one set with notch at
the weld centerline and the other set with
notch in the heat affected zone (1 to 2
mm from the fusion line), The V-notch
shall be cut perpendicular to the weld sur-
face. For thickness > 50 mm, two addi-
tional sets of specimens shall be taken,
one form the weld metal and one from the
heat affected zone below the mid thick-
ness or in the weld root area. Test tem-
perature and absorbed energy shall be in
accordance with the specified require-
ments.
For dissimilar materials, one set of
specimens from heat affected zone shall
be carried out for each base material.
e) Hardness testing
The hardness testing shall be in accor-
dance with 2.4.6. The Vickers method
HV10 shall be used. The indentation shall
be made in the weld, in the heat affected
zone and in the base material. Typical ex-
amples of hardness testing are shown in
Fig.1.4.4.4-e. For each row of indentation
there shall be a minimum of 3 individual
indentations in each part of the weld, the
heat affected zone (both sides) and the
base material (both sides). The results of
the hardness test shall meet the require-
ments in Table 1.4.4.4-e.
f) Micro-examination
The test specimen shall be prepared and
etched in accordance with HRN EN 1321
on one side to clearly reveal the fusion
line, the HAZ and the build up of the
runs.
Table 1.4.4.4-b
Former diameter of bend test (aluminium alloys)
Former diameter
Temper or condition (see EN 515)
Material
groups
0
F
H112
H12
H22
H32
H14
H24
H34
H16
H26
H36
H18
H28
H38
H19
H29
H39
T4 T5-T6 T7
21 2 t 3 t 3 t 3 t 4 t 4 t - - -
22.1 3 t 3 t 3 t 4 t 5 t 5 t - - -
22.2 6 t 6 t 6 t 6 t 6 t 6 t - - -
23 4 t - - - - - 6 t 7 t 8 t
PART 26
2009
Table 1.4.4.4-e
Permitted maximum hardness values HV 10
Single run butt and fillet welds Multi-run butt and fillet welds Steel group
HRN CEN ISO/TR
15608
Non-heat treated Heat treated Non-heat treated Heat treated
1
(1)
,2 380 320 350 320
3
(2)
450
(3)
420 -
4,5 350 320 - 320
6 - 350 - 350
9.1
9.2
9.3
350
450
450
300
350
350
320
400
-
300
-
-
Notes:
1
) If hardness tests are required.
2
) For steels with min. R
eH
> 890 N/mm
2
, special values are required.
1.4.4.5 Re-testing
If the test piece fails to comply with any of the
requirements for visual examination or non-destructive ex-
amination referred to in 1.4.4.3-a) and -b), a new test piece
shall be subjected to the same examination. If this additional
test piece does not comply with the relevant requirements,
adequate modifications of welding procedure specification
shall be carried out prior to repeated tests.
If any test result fails to comply with the re-
quirements for destructive tests referred to in 1.4.4.4, the re-
test shall be carried out with double test piece. These can be
taken from the same test piece if there is sufficient material
available, or from a new test piece. If either of these addi-
tional test specimens does not comply with the relevant re-
quirements, the due modifications in the welding procedure
specification shall be carried out prior to repeated tests.
1.4.5 Range of approval validity
1.4.5.1 All the conditions of validity specified in this
item shall be considered independently of each other. Results
outside of the range specified, shall require a new welding
procedure test.
1.4.5.2 An approval of welding procedure specification
obtained by a manufacturer is valid for welding in workshops
under the same technical and quality control of that manu-
facturer.
1.4.5.3 Range of qualification for steel groups and sub-
groups (for base material) are shown in Table 1.4.5.3.
Table 1.4.5.3
Range of qualification for steel groups and sub-groups
Material (sub) group of
test piece
1 - 1 1
a
- 1
2 - 2 2
a
2,1 1,2
a
- 1
3 - 3 3
a
3,1 1,2 1,2 2,3
a
1,3
a
- 2
4 - 4 4b 4,4
b
1,4
b
- 2
5 - 5 5
b
5,5
b
1,5
b
- 2
6 - 6 6
b
6,6
b
1,6
b
- 2
7 7 7
c
- 7
PART 26
2009
Table 1.4.5.3-continuous
Material (sub) group of
test piece
7 3 7
c
3,7
c
1,7
c
- 2
7 - 2 7
c
2
a
, 7
c
- 1
8 8 8
c
- 8
8 6 8
c
6
b
, 8
c
1,8
c
2,8
c
- 4
8 5 8
c
5
b
, 8
c
1,8
c
2,8
c
4,8
c
6.1,8
c
6.2
8 3 8
c
3
a
,8
c
1,8
c
- 2
8 - 2 8
c
2
a
,8
c
-1
9 - 9 9
b
- 9
10 - 10 10
b
- 10
10 8 10
b
8
c
10 6 10
b
6
b
,10
b
1,10
b
2,10
b
- 4
10 5 10
b
5
b
,10
b
1,10
b
2,10
b
4,10
b
6.1,10
b
6.2
10 3 10
b
3
a
,10
b
1,10
b
- 2
10 - 2 10
b
2
a
,10
b
- 1
11 - 11 11
b
11,11
b
- 1
Note:
a
Covers the equal or lower specified yield strength steels of same group.
b
Covers steels in the same sub-group and any lower sub-group within the same group.
c
Covers steels in the same sub-group.
Table 1.4.5.4
Range of qualification for aluminium and al-alloys similar and dissimilar metal joints
Material (sub-)
group of the test
piece
Similar joint range
(sub-) groups
Dissimilar joint range (sub-) groups
21 to 21 21 to 21 Not applicable
22.1 to 22.1 22.1 to 22.1
22.2 to 22.2
22.1 to 22.2
22.2 to 22.2 22.2 to 22.2
22.1 to 22.1
22.1 to 22.2
22.3 to 22.3
22.1 to 22.1
22.2 to 22.2
22.3 to 22.3
22.4 to 22.4
Combination between 22.1, 22.2, 22.3 and 22.4
22.4 to 22.4
22.1 to 22.1
22.2 to 22.2
22.4 to 22.4
22.3 to 22.3
Combination between 22.1, 22.2, 22.3 and 22.4
23.1 to 23.1
22.1 to 22.1
22.2 to 22.2
a
22.3 to 22.3
a
23.1 to 23.1
22.4 to 22.4
a
Combination between 22.1, 22.2
a
, 22.3
a
and 22.4
a
PART 26
2009
Table 1.4.5.4-continuous
Material (sub-)
group of the test
piece
Similar joint range
(sub-) groups
Dissimilar joint range (sub-) groups
23.2 to 23.2 23.2 to 23.1
23.1 to 23.1
22.1 to 22.1
22.2 to 22.2
22.3 to 22.3
a
23.2 to 23.2
22.4 to 22.4
a
Combination between 22.1, 22.2
a
, 22.3
a
and 22.4
a
24.1 to 24.1 24.1 to 24.1 Not applicable
24.2 to 24.2
24.1 to 24.1
24.2 to 24.2
23.1 to 23.1
b
24.2 to 24.1 and 24.1 to 23.1
b
25 to 25 25 to 24.1
24.1 to 24.1
25 to 25
24.2 to 24.2
25 to 24.2
26 to 26
24.1 to 24.1
c
24.2 to 24.2
c
26 to 26
25 to 25
c
26 to any of 24.1
c
, 24.2
c
or 25
c
Note: The qualification is valid provided the same filler material is used.
a) Provided Al-Mg filler material is used
b) Provided Al-Si filler material is used
c) Only for castings
1.4.5.4 Range of qualification for Al and Al-alloys
group (for base material) including dissimilar base material
are shown in Table 1.4.5.4.
1.4.5.5 Range of approval with regard to the nominal
thickness of the butt joint test piece is given in Table 1.4.5.5.
Nominal thickness for test pieces of different thickness shall
be that of the thinner test piece.
1.4.5.6 The range of approval for thickness for fillet
welds is specified in such a way that in Table 1.4.5.5 the
range of approval of the throat thickness a-0,75 a to 1,5 a has
been added, for throat thickness a 10 mm the range of ap-
proval shall be for all throat thickness 10 mm. In this case
the nominal thickness is that of thinner fillet weld.
Table 1.4.5.5
Range of approval for thickness-butt joint
Range of approval
2)
Thickness of the test piece,
t (mm)
1)
for single run or single run
from both sides
for multi-run welding
t 3
3 < t 12
12 < t 100
t > 100
0,7 t to 1,3 t
0,5 t to 1,3 t
0,5 t to 1,1 t
not applicable
0,7 t to 2 t
3 to 2 t
0,5 t to 2 t (max 150)
0,5 t to 1,5 t
Notes:
1
) For multi process procedures, the recorded thickness contribution of each process may be used as
a basis for the range of approval for the individual welding process.
2
) For grade where impact test is required, when the test is carried out on a thickness < 12 mm
approval is < 12 mm without impact testing.
PART 26
2009
1.4.5.7 Range of approval for pipe nominal thickness
(less thickness of pipe wall ) and branch connections (thick-
ness of branch connection wall ) has been specified in Table
1.4.5.7.
Table 1.4.5.7
Range of approval for pipe and branch connections
Diameter of test piece D
1)2)
mm Range of approval
D 168,3 0,5 D to 2 D
D > 168,3 0,5 D and plates
2)3)
Notes:
1
) D is the outside diameter of the pipe or outside diameter
of the branch connection.
2
) Approval given for plates also covers pipes when the out-
side diameter is > 500 mm, or when D > 150 mm finished
in PA or PC position.
3
) See also 1.4.5.9
Procedure test carried out on a branch connec-
tion with angle shall approve all branch angles in the
range of
1
90.
1.4.5.8 Procedure approval is valid only for the weld-
ing process applied in the welding procedure test. It is not
permitted to change a multi run deposit into a single run (or
single run on each side) or vice versa for a given process. In a
multi-process procedure test the approval is only valid for the
order used during the approval test.
1.4.5.9 Range of approval for welding process when
neither impact or hardness tests are required for welded joints
in any position (plate or pipe) is valid for welding in all posi-
tions (pipe or plate).
1.4.5.10 Range of approval relating to the types of
welded joints used in the procedure tests is given in Table
1.4.5.10.
Table 1.4.5.10
Range of qualification for type of joint
Butt joint on plate
b
Butt joint on pipe Branch connections
Welded from one side Welded from both sides
Welded
from one
side
Welded
from both
sides
Fillet welds
on pipe and
plate
Type of joint in the test piece used in the
welding procedure test
with
backing
no
backing
with
backing
no
backing
- - -
with
backing
x - x - - - x
Welded from
one side
no
backing
x x x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x But joint on
plate
b
Welded from
both sides
x - x - - x
a
x
no
backing
x - x x - x
a
x
with
backing
x - x - - x x
But joint on
pipe
Welded from
one side
no
backing
x x x x x x x
Welded from
one side
- - - - - x x x
Branch con-
nections
Welded from
both sides
- - - - - - x x
Fillet welds
on pipe and
plate
- - - - - - - - x
Key:
x indicate those welding types of joint covered by the WPS.
- indicate those welding types of joint not covered by the WPS
a
Plate qualifies pipe with D > 500 mm
b
Butt joints on plate qualify T-joints
PART 26
2009
1.4.5.11 Range of approval for filler metals covers other
filler metals of the same group and chemical composition.
Change in the type of coating will require new testing.
1.4.5.12 The approval given for the type of the current
and polarity used in the welding procedure test shall be valid
only for the identical conditions during the testing.
1.4.5.13 Range of approval for the heat input, preheating
temperature, interpass temperature and post-weld heat treat-
ment are specified in HRN EN ISO 15614-1 and HRN EN
ISO 15614-2 standards.
1.4.5.14 Changes outside of the range specified for the
specific processes are specified in HRN EN ISO 15614-1 and
HRN EN ISO 15614-2 standards.
1.4.6 Welding procedure approval record
The welding procedure approval record certi-
fies that the testing has been satisfactory carried out.
1.5 WELDING CONSUMABLES
1.5.1 General
1.5.1.1 All welding consumables used for welding of
structures referred to in 1.1.1 shall be tested and approved by
the Register.
1.5.1.2 The Register shall grant the approval for the
welding consumables on the basis of the manufacturers ap-
plication, technical documentation (1.5.1.3) as well as on the
basis of the results obtained from the testing carried out under
the supervision of the Register and with the approved pro-
gram according to the present Chapter.
1.5.1.3 Application for approval shall be submitted to
the Register by the manufacturer of the welding consumable
accompanied with the documentation including the follow-
ing:
name of the manufacturer of the welding
consumables,
trade name, mark , and type ,
grade of the welding material , including
additional symbols (if necessary ) in com-
pliance with these Rules,
recommended area of application , includ-
ing for example, base material, welding po-
sitions and similar,
chemical composition and mechanical
properties of weld metal,
sizes (diameters, lengths),
instructions manual (current, polarity),
backing, heat treatment etc.,
classification (EN, ISO etc.),
marking, packaging,
proposed testing laboratory and date of test.
1.5.1.4 On the ground of satisfactory testing results the
Register shall issue the Certificate on the type approval and
testing of welding consumables and shall enlist it in its List
of type approved products and manufacturers. With such an
approval the manufacturer is liable to ensure that, during
manufacture the composition and properties of the products
comply with those of the tested welding consumables.
1.5.1.5 The manufacturer is liable to enter the informa-
tion on the approval certificate into its catalogue of the list of
approval and testing of welding consumables.
1.5.1.6 Unless otherwise agreed, the approved welding
consumables shall be in accordance with 1.5.2 - 1.5.8, tested
annually in the presence of a Surveyor to the Register to
prove that the material properties comply with those of the
tested welding consumables.
1.5.1.7 In case of any change of the properties, chemi-
cal composition of the approved material or the technology of
its production, the tests shall be repeated.
1.5.1.8 Welding consumables which are not covered by
these Rules (e. g. for welding of high - alloy steels etc.) shall
be tested for the approval in accordance with the special pro-
gram approved by the Register.
1.5.1.9 When the results of any testing fail to meet the
requirements that testing shall be repeated on duplicate re-
test specimens.
For that purpose test specimen may be taken
from the same batch as the former test pieces. In case that re-
testing does not give satisfactory results, the causes shall be
traced and the whole testing repeated.
1.5.1.10 Welding consumables for the welding of hull
structural steels including the relevant grades of steel forg-
ings and castings and the structural steels shall be classified,
marked and approved as follows:
according to their nature ( covered elec-
trode for manual and gravity welding, wire/
flux combinations for two - run or multi -
run welding, solid wire/gas combinations
for arc welding or flux cored wires with or
without gas, consumables for use in elec-
troslag and electrogas vertical welding ),
for the welding of normal strength hull
structural steels - grades 1, 2, and 3,
for the welding of higher strength hull
structural steels with minimum yield
strength up to 355 N/mm
2
- grades 1Y, 2Y,
3Y and 4Y,
for the welding of higher strength hull
structural steels with minimum yield
2
- grades 2Y 40,
3Y40 and 4Y40,
Additional markings:
for the controlled hydrogen content of the
weld metal the symbol H15 , H10 or H5
(refer to grades 2, 3, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, 2Y40,
3Y40 and 4Y40 ),
for semi-automatic welding, symbol S,
for automatic welding, symbol T (two run
technique), for welding in one pass from
each side, symbol M (multirun technique)
or symbol TM which covers both tech-
niques,
for electro-gas or electro-slag welding
symbol V.
Note:
- normal hull structural steels grades - A, B, D and E,
PART 26
2009
- higher strength hull structural steels (with minimum yield
strength 355 N/mm
2
) - grades A 32, D 32, E 32, A 36, D
36 and E 36,
- higher strength hull structural steels (with minimum yield
strength 390N/mm
2
) - grades A 40, D 40 and E 40
- higher strength hull structural steels for low temperature
application - grades F 32, F 36, and F 40.
1.5.1.11 The higher quality grade covers the lower grade
Approval of welding consumables for the higher strength hull
structural steels cover the grades of welding consumables for
the normal strength hull structural steels.
1.5.1.12 Where the welding consumables are intended
for welding with direct current or alternating current, the
welding shall be performed with the alternating current. In
special cases, the Register may require that the specimen (test
piece) is welded with direct current (e.g. covered electrodes
for gravity welding).
1.5.1.13 Test pieces for testing of welding consumables
shall be welded at the ambient temperature.
1.5.2 Covered electrodes for the manual arc
welding
1.5.2.1 Grades
Depending on the results of impact tests,
(Charpy V- notch) the covered electrodes are divided into the
following grades:
for normal strength steels: grades 1, 2 and
3,
for higher strength steels with the minimum
yield strength up to 355 N/mm
2
grades 2 Y,
3 Y and 4 Y (grade 1 Y shall not be appli-
cable for the manual welding).
for higher strength steels with the minimum
yield strength up to 390 N/mm
2
grades 2Y
40, 3Y 40 and 4Y 40.
Figure 1.5.2.2-1
1.5.2.2 Testing the weld metal
1. Two test pieces for testing the weld metal
shall be welded in the down hand welding
position according to fig. 1.5.2.2-1, one
of the test pieces shall be welded with 4
mm welding electrodes, the other with the
electrode with the maximum diameter
produced.
When the electrodes produced are of only
one diameter, one test piece is sufficient.
Base material for preparing test pieces
may be any grade of the hull structural
steel.
2. The weld metal shall be laid down in one
or multiple runs in accordance with the
normal welding practice and the layers
shall be carried out in alternate directions.
The thickness of each run shall be at least
2 mm and not exceeding 4 mm. Prior to
each new run , the test piece shall be
cooled below 250
o
C, but not lower than
100
o
C, (temperature shall be measured at
the surface of the center of the weld).
Post weld heat treatment of welded test
pieces shall not be permitted.
3. The chemical analysis shall be carried out
for each deposited weld metal of each test
piece.
The analysis shall determine all the im-
portant alloying elements and impurities.
4. One round tensile test piece shall be ma-
chined from each weld metal test piece.
The shape and size of the test specimen
are shown in fig. 2.4.2-2. The longitudi-
nal axis of the test specimen shall be lo-
cated in the center of the weld at the mid -
point of the plate thickness.
To remove the hydrogen content , test speci-
mens may be subjected to temperature not exceeding 250
o
C
PART 26
2009
for not longer than 16 hours. Three impact Charpy V- notch
test specimens shall be machined from each test piece ac-
cording to fig. 2.4.5-1. The longitudinal axis of the test
specimen shall run through the middle of the test piece and
shall be perpendicular to the weld longitudinal axis. The
notch in the test specimen shall be perpendicular to the plate
surface and shall coincide with the main vertical plane of the
weld. The marking for notches shall be made on microsec-
tions.
The impact value shall be determined as an av-
erage for three test specimens.
If the average impact value of three test pieces
fails to comply with the required value by an amount 15 per
cent lower than that required, three additional specimens
shall be tested.
The results added to those previously obtained
to form a new average shall comply with the required value.
If the average impact value of the three test
specimens is more than 15 per cent below the required value,
six additional specimens shall be tested and the average im-
pact of these new specimens shall comply with the require-
ments. When the average impact value under all mentioned
conditions complies with the requirements, but at least one
test specimen out of each set of three specimens demonstrates
a value that is less than 70 per cent of that required, the test
results shall not be taken into consideration.
A new set of three test specimens machined
from the same test assembly material shall be tested instead
of them.
The temperature of the impact test specimen for
grades 2, 2 Y, 3, 3Y and 4Y shall be within 2
o
C from the
prescribed test temperature given in Table 1.5.2.2.4.
The results of tensile strength and impact test
shall comply with the requirements in Table 1.5.2.2-4.
Table 1.5.2.2-4
Impact test
Minimum yield
stress
Tensile strength
Minimum
elongation
(L
o
= 5 d
o
)
Test temperature
Minimum average
value
1)
Grade
(N/mm
2
) (N/mm
2
) (%) (
o
C) (J)
1
2
3
305 400-560 22
20
0
-20
47
47
47
2y
3Y
4Y
375 490-660 22
0
-20
-40
47
47
47
2Y40
3Y40
4Y40
400 510-690 22
0
-20
-40
47
47
47
Note:
1
) Mean value of three specimens no individual value shall be lower that 33 J.
Figure 1.5.2.3-1
PART 26
2009
Figure 1.5.2.3-2
1.5.2.3 Butt weld tests
1. To determine the properties of a butt weld
in each welding position (down hand,
horizontal - vertical, vertical - upward,
vertical - downward and over-head) for
which the electrodes are intended, one
test assembly shall be welded in each
position according to fig. 1.5.2.3-1. If an
electrode meets the requirements for
downhand and vertical-upwards, butt
weld in the horizontal-vertical position
need not be tested.
2. If the electrodes are intended for the
downhand position only, two specimens
shall be welded in this position.
3. The grades of steel used for the prepara-
tion of the test assemblies shall be as fol-
lows.
- Grade 1 electrodes: Steel grade A,
- Grade 2 electrodes: Steel grade A, B, D .
- Grade 3 electrodes: Steel grade A, B, D, E .
- Grade 2 Y electrodes: Steel grade A32, A36, D32, D36,
- Grade 3 Y electrodes: Steel grade A32, A36, D32, D36,
E32, E 36 ,
- Grade 4Y electrodes: Steel grade A32, A36, D32, D36,
E32, E36, F32, F36.
- Grade 2 Y 40 electrodes: Steel grade A40 , D40,
- Grade 4 Y40 electrodes: Steel grade A40, D40, E40, F40.
Where higher strength steel is used with mini-
mum yield strength 315 N/mm
2
, for grade 2Y, 3Y and 4Y
tensile strength shall be not less than 490 N/mm
2
and chemi-
cal composition shall be demonstrated.
4. The following welding procedure shall be
adopted in making the test assemblies.
Downhand (a). The first run with the 4 mm di-
ameter electrode, the remaining runs (except the last two lay-
ers) with the 5 mm diameter electrode in accordance with the
normal welding practice. The runs of the last two layers shall
be carried out with the largest diameter of electrode manu-
factured.
Downhand (b) (when two test pieces are re-
quired). The first run with the 4 mm diameter electrode, the
remaining runs with the 5mm or 6 mm diameter electrodes
and the last run with the largest diameter of the electrode
manufactured.
Horizontal - vertical. The first run with the 4
mm or 5 mm diameter electrode, the remaining runs with the
5 mm diameter electrode.
Vertical-downward and overhead. The first
run with the 3,25 mm diameter electrode and the remaining
runs with the 4 and 5 mm diameter electrode in compliance
with the normal welding practice or with the manufacturers
recommendation.
Vertical-downward. If the tested electrode is
intended for welding in the downward direction, the prepara-
tion of the test assembly and the electrode diameters used
shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.
5. For all assemblies the back sealing runs
shall be made with the 4 mm diameter
electrode in the welding position appro-
priate to each test piece after grinding out
the root run to clean metal.
6. The welding is performed in accordance
with the normal welding practice and
between each run the assembly shall be
cooled below 250
o
C, but not lower than
100
o
C (the temperature being taken on
the surface of the seam in the center of
the weld). Post - weld heat treatment of
the test assemblies shall not be permitted.
7. Butt welded assemblies prior to the
preparation of test specimens shall be
subjected to the radiographic examination
to ascertain if there are any defects in the
weld.
8. The test specimens shall be prepared from
each test assembly as shown in Fig.
1.5.2.3-1, except for the test specimens
welded in the overhead position where
the impact tests are not required.
9. The shape and dimensions of the butt
weld test specimens for the tensile tests
are shown in Fig. 1.5.2.3-2. The bead of
the weld shall be machined on both sides
flush with the base metal from the whole
of the specimen surface down to 1 mm.
10. The shape and dimensions of the impact
test specimens are shown in Fig. 2.4.5-1.
11. The shape and dimensions of the bend
specimens are shown in Fig. 2.4.4-1. Re-
inforcement of the weld shall be ma-
chined flush with the surface of base
metal. It is permitted to remove the base
metal from the whole of the specimen
surface down to 1 mm. The sharp edges
of the specimen shall be rounded to a ra-
dius not exceeding 2 mm. The test speci-
men shall be bent over a former with di-
PART 26
2009
ameter three times the thickness of the
specimen; one specimen shall be tested
with the face of the weld in tension and
the other with the root of the weld in ten-
sion.
12. The results of tensile strength test, impact
test and bend test shall comply with the
requirements in Table 1.5.2.3-9.
Table 1.5.2.3-9
Minimum notch impact energy (J)
Quality grade of
consumables
Tensile strength
(N/mm
2
)
minimum
Test temperature
(C
o
)
Positions
PA, PC, PE
Positions
PF, PG
Minimum bending angle,
mandrel diameter = 3x
thickness of test specimen
1
2
3
400
20
0
-20
47
47
47
34
34
34
2Y
3Y
4Y
490
0
-20
-40
47
47
47
34
34
34
2Y40
3Y40
4Y40
510
0
-20
-40
47
47
47
39
39
39
120
o
before the first incipient
crack, minor pore exposures
up to maximum length of 3
mm are allowed
1.5.2.4 Hydrogen test
At the request of the manufacturer, the elec-
trodes may be subjected to the hydrogen test to determine the
diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal.
The hydrogen content may be determined by
means of mercury method as specified in the ISO standard
3690 - 1977, or any equivalent method (e.g. glycerin method)
in agreement with the Register.
Depending on the diffusible hydrogen content
and the method applied shown in Table 1.5.2.4, electrodes
shall have symbols H15, H10 or H5 respectively.
Table 1.5.2.4
Added symbol
Mercury method
(ISO 3690 - 1977)
H 15 15
1)
H 10 10
2)
H 5 5
Notes:
1
) 10 cm
3
per 100 g, if glycerin method has been applied.
2
) 5 cm
3
per 100 g, if glycerin method has been applied.
1.5.2.5 Electrodes for fillet welding
1. Electrodes intended for fillet welding
only to which the butt weld test (1.5.2.3)
shall not be applicable shall be subjected
to the initial approval test which shall
consist of the fillet weld tests as specified
in 1.5.2.5-2 and weld metal tests as speci-
fied in 1.5.2.2.
2. Where the electrodes are intended for butt
and fillet welding, the initial approval test
shall consist of weld metal tests (1.5.2.2)
and fillet weld test (1.5.2.3) and one fillet
weld test (1.5.2.5-2) welded in downhand
position.
3. Fillet weld assemblies shown in
Fig.1.5.2.5-3, shall be prepared for each
welding position for which the electrode
is recommended by the manufacturer.
The length of test assembly L shall be
sufficient to allow at least the deposition
of the entire length of the electrode being
tested. The grade of steel used for the test
assemblies shall be in accordance with
1.5.2.3 - 3.
Figure 1.5.2.5-3
4. The first side shall be welded using the
maximum size of electrode and the sec-
ond side using the electrode of the mini-
mum size recommended for fillet weld-
ing. Unless otherwise stipulated or
agreed, each filett weld shall be made in a
single pass.
M
a
c
r
o
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
F
r
a
c
t
u
r
e

t
e
s
t
s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
M
a
c
r
o
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
F
r
a
c
t
u
r
e

t
e
s
t
s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
M
a
c
r
o
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
PART 26
2009
5. The weld test assembly shall be sectioned
to form three macrosections each about
25 mm thick and two fracture test speci-
mens in accordance with 1.5.2.5-3.
On macrosection the hardness of the
weld, of the heat affected zone and of
base metal shall be determined as shown
in 1.5.2.5-5.
Figure 1.5.2.5-5
The average of the weld metal and heat affected
zone hardness shall not exceed 350 HV (diamond pyramid,
load 100 N).
The first side of the fillet weld intended for
fracture testing, shall have the weld machined or cut with a
chisel and the second side of the other fillet weld shall be
subjected to the same procedure submitting the root of the
weld to tension. The fracture surfaces shall be examined and
there shall be no evidence of incomplete penetration, cracks
or major porosity.
1.5.2.6 Electrodes for gravity or contact welding
1. For electrodes intended solely for contact
welding using automatic gravity or simi-
lar welding devices, the first test shall be
effected on weld metal. (1.5.2.2), butt
weld (1.5.2.3) and, where appropriate,
fillet weld (1.5.2.5-2) using the welding
procedure recommended by the manu-
facturer.
2. For electrodes intended for contact
welding, besides the normal manual
welding, fillet weld and, where appropri-
ate, butt weld tests, using gravity or
similar contact devices shall be carried
out in addition to the normal approval
tests.
1.5.2.7 Annual testing
1. Annual testing of covered electrodes for
normal manual arc welding shall include
the weld testing in compliance with
1.5.2.2.-1, -2, -4 and for symbols H15,
H10, or H5 covered electrodes a diffusi-
ble hydrogen content shall be determined
in weld metal in accordance with 1.5.2.4.
This is also applicable to the electrodes
intended solely for fillet welding.
2. Annual testing of covered electrodes in-
tended solely for gravity or contact
welding shall include weld metal testing
in compliance with 1.5.2.-1, -2, -4, using
the gravity or other contact devices as
recommended by the manufacturer.
1.5.2.8 Upgrading and uprating of consumables
1. Upgrading of the approved welding con-
sumables with respect to impact value
shall be considered at the manufacturers
request, preferably at the annual testing
(1.5.1.6).
For this purpose, in addition to the normal
approval weld metal testing ,impact test
of all butt weld assemblies shall be car-
ried out for the welding positions as re-
quired for the first approval procedure of
the consumables. In addition, all butt
weld assemblies shall be subjected to the
radiographic examination.
2. Downgrading of the approved welding
consumables to the lower grade shall be
considered at the annual testing in case
the results of the testing fail to meet the
requirements prescribed for the grade the
consumables have been approved for.
Where the unsatisfactory results of earlier
testing point at the possibility that the
failure of the specimens was due to de-
fects in the material or the welding pro-
cedure, the tests may be repeated imme-
diately. If the repeated tests do not meet
the requirements, the quality grade shall
be reduced. In this case, the testing may
be repeated after 3 months, at the earliest.
3. The extension of the approval for the
welding consumables covering the weld-
ing of normal strength hull structural steel
to the welding of higher strength hull
structural steels (e.g. from grade 2 to
grade 2Y) requires the performance of a
complete new approval test using higher
strength hull structural steel as the base
material for butt weld tests.
4. Extension of the approval for the welding
consumables with H15 symbol or the
modification of the H15 symbol to H10 is
possible provided that the weld metal can
be proved in line with 1.5.2.4 to contain
the lower quantity of diffusible hydrogen
than that specified in Table 1.5.2.4. for
the required welding procedure.
1.5.3 Wire-flux combinations for semi-
automatic and for automatic welding
1.5.3.1 General
1. Wire-flux combinations with single elec-
trode for semi-automatic and automatic
submerged arc welding are divided into
the following two categories.
for use with the multi-run tech-
nique,
for use with two-run technique.
PART 26
2009
Where wire - flux combination is in-
tended for welding with both techniques,
the tests shall be carried out for each
technique in particular.
2. Depending on the results of impact tests,
wire - flux combinations are divided into
the following grades.
for normal strength steel: grades 1,
2, or 3,
for higher strength steel with mini-
mum yield strength up to 355
N/mm
2
: grades 1Y, 2Y, 3Y or 4Y,
for higher strength steel with mini-
mum yield strength up to 390
N/mm
2
: grades 2Y40, 3Y40, or
4Y40.
Additional symbols T, M or TM will be
added to the grade to indicate approval
for the two-run technique or both techi-
ques respectively.
3. Multiple electrode submerged arc weld-
ing wire-flux combinations for multiple
electrode submerged arc welding shall be
tested separately in accordance with the
requirements referred to in Table 1.5.3.
4. The current for welding may be, in com-
pliance with the manufacturers recom-
mendation, alternating or direct current
(wire is negative or positive pole).
Where both currents (A and DC) are rec-
ommended , the welding shall be per-
formed with the alternating current.
1.5.3.2 Approval tests for multi-run technique
1. One weld metal test assembly shall be
prepared as shown in Fig. 1.5.3.2-1, and
as a base material of the test piece any
grade of hull structural steel may be used.
Figure 1.5.3.2-1
2. Welding shall be carried out in downhand
position and the direction of deposition of
each run shall alternate from each end of
the plate. After completion of each run,
the flux and welding slag shall be re-
moved. The thickness of each layer shall
be not less than the wire diameter nor less
than 4 mm (whichever is greater).
Between each run the assembly shall be
left in still air until it has been cooled
below 250
o
C, but not lower than 100
o
C
(temperature taken on the surface of the
seam in the middle of the weld).
3. The welding parameters (current, voltage,
welding speed) shall be in accordance
with the manufacturers recommendation
and with the normal good welding prac-
tice for multi - run welding.
4. The chemical analysis of the deposited
weld metal shall be made for each test as-
Discard
Cylindrical ten-
sile
test specimen
Charpy V-notch
specimens
Reserve
Cylindrical ten-
sile
test specimen
PART 26
2009
sembly. The analysis shall establish the
content of all significant alloying ele-
ments and impurities.
5. Two cylindrical tensile test specimens
shall be machined from the deposited
weld metal (see Fig. 2.4.2-2) and three
impact test specimens (see Fig. 2.4.5-1),
in accordance with the Fig. 1.5.2.2.-1.
The longitudinal axis of the cylindrical
test specimens shall, as far as possible,
coincide with the main vertical plane of
the weld and the centre of plate thickness.
The longitudinal axis of impact test
specimen shall go through the middle of
the test assembly thickness and shall be
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the weld. The notch of the test specimen
shall be perpendicular to the plate surface
and in the middle of the weld.
6. The results of all test of metal shall com-
ply with the requirements of Table
1.5.3.3.
Table 1.5.3
M
(Multi-run technique)
T
(Two-run technique)
TM
(Two-run and multi-run technique)
Butt weld assembly
Two-run technique
Deposited
metal
assembly
Butt weld
assembly
Butt weld
assembly
(minimum
thickness
Butt weld
assembly
(maximum
thickness)
Deposited metal
assembly
Multi-run
technique
Minimum
thickness
Maximum
thickness
3CV
2LT
2TT
4TB
3CV
2TT
2TB
3CV
1LT
2TT
2TB
3CV 3CV
1LT
2TT
4TB
3CV
2TT
2TB
3CV
2TT
2TB
3CV
1LT
Symbol definitions:
TT Transverse tensile test on the butt weld assembly
TB Transverse bend test on the butt weld assembly
CV Charpy V-Impact test in axis of the weld
LT Longitudinal tensile test in the weld
Table 1.5.3.3
Charpy V-notch impact test
Grades of welding
consumables
Yield stress
(N/mm
2
)
minimum
Tensile strength
(N/mm
2
)
Elongation on 50 mm
gauge length
(L
o
= %d)
% minimum
Test temperature
(
o
C)
Average energy (J),
minimum
1
2
3
305 400-560 22
20
0
-20
34
34
34
1Y
2Y
3Y
4Y
375 490-660 22
20
0
-20
-40
34
34
34
34
2Y40
3Y40
4Y40
400 510-690 22
0
-20
-40
39
39
39
PART 26
2009
Figure 1.5.3.4-1
Table 1.5.3.4
Minimum impact energy Grade of welding
consumables
Tensile strength
(N/mm
2
)
(J)
1)
Test temperature
(
o
C)
Minimum bending angle,
mandrel diameter = 3 x
thickness of specimen
1
2
3
400
34
34
34
20
0
-20
1Y
2Y
3Y
4Y
490
34
34
34
34
20
0
-20
-40
2Y40
3Y40
4Y40
510
39
39
39
0
-20
-40
120
o
before the first incipient
crack, minor pore exposures
up to a maximum length of
3 mm are allowed
Note:
1
) Shows individual value of three specimens.
Discard
Flat tensile test
specimen
Bend test specimen
Bent test specimen
Charpy V-notch
specimens
Reserve
Bend test specimen
Bend test specimen
Tensile test
specimen
Discard
PART 26
2009
1.5.3.4 Butt weld tests (multi-run technique)
1. One butt weld test assembly shall be pre-
pared as shown in Fig. 1.5.3.4 -1, and the
base metal shall be a hull structural steel
in compliance with 1.5.2.3-3.
2. The welding shall be carried out in
downhand position by the multi-run tech-
nique in accordance with 1.5.3.2-2.
The back sealing run shall be applied also
in downhand position after grinding out
the root run to clean metal. The post-weld
heat treatment shall not be permitted.
3. The butt weld assemblies shall be sub-
jected to radiographic examination prior
to the preparation of test specimens to as-
certain if there are any defects in the
weld.
4. The test specimens to be prepared from
the butt weld assembly are shown in Fig.
1.5.3.4.1.
The shape and dimensions of test speci-
mens shall be in accordance with
1.5.2.3-9, -10, -11.
Results of the tensile, impact and bend
tests shall comply with the requirements
of the Table 1.5.3.4.
1.5.3.5 Approval tests for two-run technique
Where approval of two-run technique is re-
quired, two butt weld test assemblies shall be prepared using
the following thickness
for grades 1 and 1Y ........ 12 to 15 mm and
20 to 25 mm,
for grades 2, 2Y, 3 and 3Y ..... 20 to 25 mm
and 30 to 35 mm,
for grades 2Y40, 3Y40 and 4Y40 .... 20 to
25 mm and 30 to 35 mm.
When a wire-flux combination is recom-
mended for welding a normal and higher
tensile strength steel, the latter shall be used
to prepare the test assemblies.
1.5.3.6 Butt weld assemblies (two-run technique)
1. The edge preparation, grades of steel and
the maximum diameter of wire shall be in
accordance with the Table 1.5.3.6.
2. Each butt weld shall be welded in two
runs, one from each side, applying weld-
ing parameters recommended by the
manufacturer and in compliance with
good welding practice.
3. After completion of the first run, the flux
and welding slag shall be removed and
the assembly shall be left in still air until
it has cooled down to 100
o
C. Gouging of
the root shall be carried out before start-
ing the second run on the opposite side
according to the manufacturers recom-
mendation.
4. The butt welded assemblies shall be sub-
jected to radiographic examination to as-
certain if there are any defects in a weld
prior to the preparation of test specimens.
5. The test specimens shown in Fig. 1.5.3.6
shall be prepared from the butt welded
test assemblies. The Charpy V-notch im-
pact test pieces shall be machined from
the welded assembly from the positions
as shown in Fig. 1.5.3.6-1.
Figure 1.5.3.6
Figure 1.5.3.6-1
Size and dimensions of the remaining test
specimens shall be in compliance with 1.5.2.3-9, -10, -11.
Results of the transverse impact testing, tensile
and bend tests shall be in accordance with the requirements
PART 26
2009
specified in the Table 1.5.3.4. Longitudinal tensile test shall
comply with the requirements specified in the Table 1.5.3.3.
6. The chemical analysis of the weld metal
for each test specimen (piece) shall be
made to ascertain the content of all sig-
nificant alloying elements and impurities.
Table 1.5.3.6
Edge preparation and wire diameter Testing of welding consumables
For welding under flux For welding in shielding gas For normal strength
steel
For higher strength
steel
P
l
a
t
e
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s
,

m
m
Edge preparation
Wire di-
ameter Edge preparation
Wire di-
ameter
Grade of
welding
consumables
Grade of
steel for test
assemblies
Grade of
welding
consumables
Grade of
steel for test
assemblies
12-15 5
s
e
e

n
o
t
e
*
1
-
A
-
-
1Y
-
A32
A36
20-25 6
s
e
e

n
o
t
e
*
1
2
3
4Y
4Y40
A
A, B or D
A, B D or E
1Y
2Y
2Y40
3Y
3Y40
4Y
4Y40
A32, A36
A32, A36
D32, D36
A40, D40
A32, A36
D32, D36
E32, E36
A40, D40,
E40
A32, A36
D32, D36
E32, E36
F32, F36
A40, D40
E40, F40
30-35 7
s
e
e

n
o
t
e
*
2
3
A, B or D
A, B D or E
2Y
2Y40
3Y
3Y40
4Y
4Y40
A32, A36
D32, D36
A40, D40
A32, A36
D32, D36
E32, E36
A40, D40,
E40
A32, A36
D32, D36
E32, E36
F32, F36
A40, D40
E40, F40
Note:
*) The wire diameter and edge preparation depending on the thickness of the test assembly welded shall be chosen to the recommen-
dations of the manufacturer who has submitted the combination for testing.
PART 26
2009
1.5.3.7 Annual tests
1. Annual tests shall consist of:
a) wire-flux combination approved for
multi-run technique, one deposited
metal assembly,
b) wire - flux combination approved for
two-run technique, one butt welded
assembly with 20 - 25 mm plate
thickness.
2. The deposited metal assembly shall be
prepared and tested in compliance with
1.5.3.2, provided that only one longitudi-
nal tensile test piece (specimen) and three
impact test pieces are required.
3. The butt weld test assembly shall be pre-
pared and tested in compliance with
1.5.3.6, provided that only one transverse
tensile test piece (specimen), two bend
test piece (specimens) and three impact
test pieces are required.
Where the wire-flux combination is ap-
proved solely for two - run technique, one
longitudinal tensile test piece (specimen)
shall also be prepared and tested.
4. Where wire-flux combination is approved
for welding of normal strength steel and
also higher strength steel, the latter shall
be used as a base metal for preparing test
assemblies.
1.5.3.8 Upgrading and uprating
1. Upgrading of wire-flux combination in
connection with the impact properties
will be considered as detailed in 1.5.2.8-
1. and for wire - flux combinations ap-
proved for two-run welding only, a butt-
weld in the maximum thickness approved
shall be subjected to impact test in accor-
dance with 1.5.3.6-5.
2. Upgrading of the approved wire-flux
combination in connection with the ten-
sile properties shall be considered in ac-
cordance with 1.5.2.8-3.
1.5.4 Wires and wire-gas combinations for
semi-automatic and automatic welding
1.5.4.1 General
1. Wire-gas and flux-cored wires for use
with or without a shielding gas, are di-
vided into the following categories for the
purposes of the approval testing.
a) for use in a semi- automatic multi-run
welding,
b) for use in single electrode automatic
multi-run welding,
c) for use in single electrode automatic
two-run welding.
2. The term semi - automatic refers to the
welding in which the weld is performed
manually by a welder holding a gun
through which the electrode wire is con-
tinuously fed.
3. Depending on the results of impact tests,
wires and wire-gas combinations shall be
divided into the following grades.
for normal strength steel grades 1,
2, and 3,
for higher strength steels with yield
2
, grades
1Y, 2Y 3Y and 4Y.
for higher strength steels with yield
2
, grades
2Y40, 3Y40, and 4Y40.
Symbol S shall be added to the grade
mark to indicate approval for semi-
automatic multi-run welding.
4. For wires intended for automatic welding
the symbols T, M, or T M shall be added
to the grade mark to indicate approval for
two-run, multi-run or both welding tech-
niques, respectively.
Table 1.5.4.1-7
Gas composition (Vol. %)
Group
CO
2
O
2
H
2
Ar
M1 1
2
3
4
> 0 to 5
> 0 to 5
-
> 0 to 5
-
-
> 0 to 3
> 0 to 3
> 0 to 5
-
-
-
Rest
1
)
2
)
Rest
1
)
2
)
Rest
1
)
2
)
Rest
1
)
2
)
M2 1
2
3
> 5 to 25
-
> 5 to 25
-
> 3 to 10
> 0 to 8
-
-
-
Rest
1
)
2
)
Rest
1
)
2
)
Rest
1
)
2
)
M3 1
2
3
> 25 to 50
-
> 5 to 50
> 10 to 15
> 8 to 15
-
-
-
Rest
1
)
2
)
Rest
1
)
2
)
Rest
1
)
2
)
C 1
2
100
Rest
-
> 0 to 30
-
-
-
-
Notes:
1
) Argon may be substituted by Helium up to 95% of the Argon content.
2
) Approval covers gas mixtures with equal or higher Helium contents only.
PART 26
2009
5. For wires intended for both semi - auto-
matic and automatic welding , both sym-
bols shall be added.
6. Flux-cored wires which meet the re-
quirements for grades 2, 2Y, 2Y40, 3, 3Y,
3Y40, 4Y or 4Y40 may be, at the manu-
facturers request , subjected to the hydro-
gen test in accordance with 1.5.2.4. Sym-
bols H15, H10 or H5 shall be added to the
grade mark under the same conditions as
for covered electrodes in compliance with
1.5.2.4.
7. Type and composition of the shielding
gas shall be submitted to the Register by
the manufacturer.
Additional approval tests shall be re-
quired when a shielding gas is used other
than that for the initial approval tests.
The approval of a wire in combination with any
particular gas can be applied or transferred to any combina-
tion of the same wire and any gas in the same numbered
group as defined in Table 1.5.4.1-7.
1.5.4.2 Approval for semi-automatic multirun
welding
1. Approval for semi-automatic multirun
welding shall be carried out generally in
accordance with the requirements of
1.5.2, using semi-automatic multirun
technique for the preparation of all test
assemblies.
2. Two deposited metal test assemblies shall
be prepared in the downhand position as
shown in Fig. 1.5.2.2-1, one using the
smallest diameter, and the other using the
largest diameter of wire produced for the
welding. Where only one diameter is
manufactured, only one deposited metal
assembly shall be prepared.
The weld metal shall be deposited ac-
cording to the practice recommended by
the manufacturer and the thickness of
each layer of weld metal shall be between
2 and 6 mm.
3. The deposited weld metal in each test
assembly shall be subjected to the
chemical analysis. The analysis shall
ascertain the content of all significant
alloying elements and impurities.
4. From each assembly , test pieces shall be
prepared and tested in accordance with
1.5.2.2 , and the test results shall comply
with the requirements of the Table
1.5.2.2-4.
5. Butt weld assemblies as shown in
Fig.1.5.2.3-1 shall be prepared for each
welding position for which the wire or
wire-gas combination is recommended
(PA, PC, PF, PG and PE).
6. Test assembly for the PA position shall
be welded using, for the first run the wire
of the smallest diameter and for the re-
maining runs, wire of the largest diameter
to be approved.
7. When the PA position is solely subjected
to approval, an additional test assembly
shall be prepared using the wires of dif-
ferent diameters from those referred to in
1.5.4.2-6.
8. The butt weld assemblies in positions
other than downhand (PA), shall be
welded using for the first run, wire of the
smallest diameter, and for the remaining
runs, the largest diameter of wire recom-
mended by the manufacturer.
9. Welded assemblies (butt welds) shall be
subjected to radiographic examination
prior to the preparation of test pieces, to
ascertain if there are any defects in the
welds.
10. On each butt weld assembly test speci-
mens shall be prepared for the mechanical
testing in accordance with 1.5.2.3 and the
test results shall comply with the re-
quirements of the Table 1.5.2.3-9 for the
relevant grade.
11. Fillet weld test assemblies shall be made
and tested in accordance with 1.5.2.5.
1.5.4.3 Approval for the automatic multirun weld-
ing
1. Approval tests for the automatic multirun
welding shall be carried out generally in
accordance with the requirements of the
1.5.3.2 and 1.5.3.4. respectively, using
the automatic multirun technique for the
preparation of all test assemblies.
2. One deposited metal assembly shall be
prepared as shown in Fig. 1.5.3.2-1.
Welding shall be carried out as detailed in
1.5.3.2-2, except that the thickness of
each layer shall not be less than 3 mm.
3. Deposited weld metal of each test assem-
bly shall be subjected to the chemical
analysis.
The analysis shall ascertain the content of
all significant alloying elements and im-
purities.
4. Test pieces ( specimens ) shall be pre-
pared from the deposited weld metal in
accordance with 1.5.3.2-5 for the me-
chanical tests and test results shall com-
ply with the requirements of the Table
1.5.3.3.
5. One butt test assembly shall be prepared
in accordance with Fig. 1.5.3.4-1.
6. Each butt weld shall be subjected to a ra-
diographic examination prior to preparing
of test assemblies to ascertain if there are
any defects in the weld.
7. Test specimens shall be prepared from the
butt weld assembly and tested in accor-
dance with 1. 5. 3. 4 - 4, and the test re-
sults shall comply with the requirements
of Table 1.5.3.4.
8. At the discretion of the Register, wires
approved for semi-automatic multirun
welding may be approved without addi-
PART 26
2009
tional tests, for automatic multirun weld-
ing.
1.5.4.4 Approval for automatic two-run welding
1. Approval tests for automatic two-run
welding shall be carried out generally on
two test specimens in accordance with the
requirements of 1.5.3.5 and 1.5.3.6 re-
spectively using the automatic two-run
welding technique for the preparation of
all test assemblies. The edge preparation
of the test assemblies shall be as shown in
the Table 1.5.3.6.
Annual tests shall consist of:
a) wires approved for semi-automatic or
for both semi-automatic and auto-
matic multirun welding: one depos-
ited metal test assembly prepared in
accordance with 1.5.4.2 using a wire
of diameter within the range approved
for welding of the hull structures.
b) wires approved for automatic mul-
tirun welding: one deposited metal
test assembly prepared in accordance
with 1.5.4.3-3, using a wire of di-
ameter within the range approved for
welding of hull structures.
c) wires approved for automatic two -
run welding: one butt weld test as-
sembly prepared in accordance with
1.5.3.6 using plate of 20 - 25 mm in
thickness.
2. The test specimens shall be prepared and
tested in accordance with 1.5.4:
a) for deposited metal assemblies (semi-
automatic and automatic multirun
technique): one tensile and three im-
pact test specimens;
b) for butt weld assemblies (automatic
two-run technique): one transverse
tensile, two bend and three impact
test specimens.
When the wire is approved solely for
automatic two-run welding, one lon-
gitudinal tensile test specimen shall
be required.
Cylindrical tensile test
specimen
Macrography
Charpy V-notch in the
center of the weld
Charpy V-notch 2 mm
away from the fusion
line (in the weld metal)
Cylindrical tensile test
specimen
Macrography
Flat transverse
tensile test
specimen
Bend test
specimen
Flat transverse
tensile test
specimen
Side bend test
specimen
V notch in the midle
V-notch 2 mm away from the fusion
line (in the weld metal)
PART 26
2009
Figure 1.5.5
1.5.5 Consumables for use in electroslag and
electrogas vertical welding
1.5.5.1 General
1. Requirements for approval of consum-
ables used in vertical electroslag and
electrogas (including consumable noz-
zles) welding are generally in compliance
with the requirements of 1.5.3.5.
2. For grades 1Y, 2Y and 3Y, 4Y, 2Y40 and
4Y40 approval of consumables shall be
applicable only to higher strength steels
and the base metal shall be niobium
treated steel.
1.5.5.2 Butt weld tests
1. Two butt weld test assemblies shall be
prepared in accordance with the Fig.
1.5.5, from plates of the minimum and
maximum thickness.
2. Each assembly shall be cut to give test
specimens:
two flat transverse tensile test
specimens (in accordance with
1.5.2.3-2);
two longitudinal cylindrical tensile
test specimens ( in accordance with
1.5.2.2-1) ;
two bend specimens (in accordance
with Fig. 2.4.4-1);
two sets of impact test specimens
(in accordance with Fig. 2.4.5-1);
two transverse macro section to ex-
amine the penetration and to meas-
ure hardness of the weld metal and
heat-affected zone.
Test results shall meet the requirements of Ta-
bles 1.5.3.3 and 1.5.2.3-9.
1. Annual tests shall consist of one butt
weld assembly of 20 - 25 mm in
thickness.
2. Preparing and testing of a specimen shall
be as shown in 1.5.5.1 and 1.5.5.2 , and
the following test pieces shall be pre-
pared:
one flat transverse tensile test
specimen,
one cylindrical longitudinal test
specimen,
two bend test specimens,
one set of three Charpy V-notch
impact test specimen with a notch
in the axis of the weld.
1.5.6 Consumables for one-side welding with
temporary backing materials
The present requirements apply to the testing of
welding consumables ( electrodes, wire - flux , wire-gas )
when one-side welding with temporary backing materials is
carried out (manual, semi-automatic, automatic).
The scope and conditions of testing shall be
determined in accordance with the requirements of 1.5.2 -
1.5.4, depending on the welding procedures and the provi-
sions stated below.
A test assembly of deposited metal shall be de-
termined in accordance with Fig. 1.5.2.2-1 or 1.5.3.3, de-
pending on the welding procedure (manual, semi-automatic,
automatic) and a test assembly for testing of a welded joint in
accordance with Fig. 1.5.6.
Figure 1.5.6
Discard
Charpy V-notch test pieces
Reserve
Macrosection
Flat tensile test piece
Bend test piece (upper side of weld)
Bend test piece (weld root)
Discard
PART 26
2009
Two butt weld test assemblies of minimum and
maximum thickness shall be prepared from steel of the grade
for which the welding consumables are approved. Gap di-
mensions and edge preparation shall be in accordance with
the recommendations of the manufacturer of the welding
consumables.
The mechanical properties of the deposited
metal shall meet the requirements of the Table 1.5.3.3, and
those of the welded joint Table 1.5.2.3-9 for appropriate
grade of a welding consumable.
In case the welding consumables have been ap-
proved earlier by the Register, for welding by the standard
procedure (without backing), a test assembly for testing a
welded joint shall be prepared in accordance with Fig. 1.5.6.
1.5.7 Consumables for High Strength
Quenched and Tempered Steels for
Welded Structures
1.5.7.1 General
1. These requirements give the conditions
for approval of consumables used for
high strength quenched and tempered
steels for welded structures with yield
strength levels from 420 N/mm
2
up to
690 N/mm
2
and impact grades D, E and
F.
2. The welding consumables preferably to
be used for the steels concerned, are di-
vided into several categories:
covered electrodes for manual
welding
wire-flux combinations for mul-
tirun* submerged arc welding
solid wire-gas combinations for arc
welding
flux cored wire with or without gas
for arc welding.
* Wire-flux combinations for single or two-run
technique are subject to special consideration of the Register.
3. Based on the yield strength of the weld
metal, the welding consumables con-
cerned are divided into six (yield)
strength groups.
Y42 - for welding steels with mini-
2
2
2
2
2
2
4. Each of the six (yield) strength groups is
further divided into three main grades in
respect of Charpy V-notch impact test re-
quirements (test temperatures):
Grade 3, test temperature -20
o
C
o
C
o
C
5. Analogously to the designation scheme
used in 1.5.1, the welding consumables
for high strength quenched and tempered
steels are subject to the classification
designation and approval, as follows:
According to 1.5.7.1-4 with the qual-
ity grade 3, 4 or 5.
With the added symbol Y and an ap-
pended code number designating the
minimum yield strength of the weld
metal corresponding to 1.5.7.1-3:
Y42, Y46, Y50, Y55, Y62 and Y69.
With the added symbol H10 or H5 for
controlled hydrogen content of the
weld metal.
With the added symbol S (semi-
automatic) for semi-mechanised
welding.
With the added symbol M designating
multirun technique (and is applicable
to welding consumables for fully
mechanised welding).
6. Each higher quality grade includes the
one or (those) below. Quenched and tem-
pered steels grade A... and D... are to be
welded using consumables of at least
quality grade 3, grade E... steels using at
least quality grade 4 and grade F steels
using at least quality grade 5 (see Table
1.5.7.1-6).
Table 1.5.7.1-6
Consumable Grade Steel Grades covered
3 Y... D.. and A
4 Y... E.., D and A
5 Y... F.., E.., D and A
Welding consumables approved with
grades...Y42, .....Y46 and ...Y50 are also considered suitable
for welding steels in two strength levels below that for which
they have been approved. Welding consumables approved
with grades ..Y55, ..Y62 and ..Y69 are also considered suit-
able for welding steels in the strength level below that for
which they have been approved.
7. Manufacturers plant, production methods
and quality control measures shall be
such as to ensure reasonable uniformity in
manufacture.
Testing and approval procedure shall be
in accordance with 1.5.1 for the individ-
ual categories (types) of welding con-
sumables mentioned in 1.5.7.1-2, -3 and -
4.
1.5.7.2 Testing of the Weld Metal
For testing of the deposited weld metal, test
pieces analogous to those stated in 1.5.2.2, 1.5.3.2, 1.5.4.2 or
1.5.4.3 respectively shall be prepared, depending on the type
of welding consumables (and according to the welding proc-
PART 26
2009
ess). The base metal used shall be a fine-grained structural
steel compatible with the properties of the weld metal, or the
side walls of the weld shall be buttered with the weld of the
same composition.
The chemical composition of the deposited
weld metal shall be determined and certified in a manner
analogous to that prescribed in 1.5.2.2-3. The results of the
analysis shall not exceed the limit values specified in the
standards or by the manufacturer, (the narrower tolerances
being applicable in each case).
Depending on the type of welding consumables
(and according to welding process), the test specimens pre-
scribed in 1.5.2.2, 1.5.3.2, 1.5.4.2 or 1.5.4.3 respectively shall
be taken from the weld metal test pieces in a similar manner.
The mechanical properties shall meet the re-
quirements stated in Table 1.5.7.2-1 and 1.5.7.2-2. The provi-
sions of 1.5.2.2 in analogous manner apply to the perform-
ance of tests, in particular to the maintenance of the notched
bar impact test temperature and obtained test results.
Table 1.5.7.2-1
Quality grade Test temperature
[
o
C]
Minimum notch impact energy
[J
1)
]
3 -20
Y42 : 47
Y46 : 47
4 -40
Y50 : 50
Y55 : 55
5 -60
Y62 : 62
Y69 : 69
1
) Charpy V-notch impact test specimen,, means value of three specimens; for re-
quirements regarding minimum individual values and re-tests, see 1.5.2.2.
Table 1.5.7.2-2
Symbols added to quality
grade
Minimum yield strength
[N/mm
2
]
Tensile strength
1)
[N/mm
2
]
Minimum elongation
[%]
Y42 420 530 - 680 20
Y46 460 570 - 720 20
Y50 500 610 - 770 18
Y55 550 670 - 830 18
Y62 620 720 - 890 18
Y69 690 770 - 940 17
1
) The tensile strength of weld metal may be up to 10% bellow the requirements, provided that the results obtained with the trans-
verse tensile specimen taken from the welded joints meet the minimum tensile strength requirements stated in Table 1.5.7.3.
The elongation is to be stated in the test report.
Note:
For welding very large plate thickness where the "supporting effect" of the base material (metal) on either side of the weld no
longer applies and tensile strength at the weld metal also determines the tensile strength of welded joint, if may be necessary,
when applying footnote1), to choose welding consumables of the next higher grade.
Table 1.5.7.3
Quality grade Added symbol
Tensile strength
[N/mm
2
]
Minimum notch
impact energy test
temperature
Minimum bending
angle
1)
Bend ratio
D/t
2)
Y42 530-680 4
Y46 570-720 4
Y50 610-670 4
Y55 670-830 5
Y62 720-890 5
3 to 5 in
accordance with Ta-
ble 1.5.7.2-1
Y69 770-940
Depending on the
quality grade and
yield strength in ac-
cordance with Table
1.5.7.2-1
120
o
5
1
) Bending angle attained before the first incipient crack, minor pore exposures up to a maximum length of 3 mm , allowed.
2
) D = mandrel diameter, t = specimen thickness.
PART 26
2009
1.5.7.3 Testing of Welded Joints
1. Depending on the type of welding con-
sumables (and according to welding pro-
cess), the testing on welded joints shall be
performed on butt weld test pieces in
analogous manner to that prescribed in
1.5.2.3, 1.5.3.4, 1.5.4.2 or 1.5.4.3, re-
spectively.
cess), the butt weld test pieces called for
in 1.5.7.3-1 shall be welded in the manner
analogous to that prescribed in 1.5.2 -
1.5.4. The base metal used shall be a
high-strength fine-grained structural steel
with an appropriate minimum yield
strength and tensile strength and com-
patible with the added symbol for which
application is made.
cess), the test specimens described in
1.5.2 - 1.5.4, shall be cut from the butt
weld test pieces.
4. The mechanical properties shall meet the
requirements stated in Table 1.5.7.3.
The provisions of 1.5.2 - 1.5.4 apply in
analogous manner to the performance of
the tests, in particular to the maintenance
of the notched bar impact test temperature
and obtained test results.
5. Where the bending angle required in Ta-
ble 1.5.7.3 is not achieved, the specimen
may be considered as fulfilling the re-
quirements, if the bending elongation on
a gauge length L
o
fulfils the minimum
elongation requirements stated in Table
1.5.7.2-2.
The gauge length L
o
= L
s
+ t (L
s
= width of
weld, t = specimen thickness; see Fig. 1.5.7.3 below).
Figure 1.5.7.3
1.5.7.4 Hydrogen Test
The welding consumables shall be subjected to
a hydrogen test in accordance with the mercury method pre-
scribed by ISO 3690, or any other equivalent method, in
The diffusable hydrogen content of the weld
metal determined in accordance with provisions of 1.5.2.4,
shall not exceed the limits given in Table 1.5.7.4.
Table 1.5.7.4
Yield strength
group
Hydrogen
symbol
Maximum hydrogen content
(cm
3
/100 g deposited
weld metal)
Y42
Y46
Y50
H10 10
Y55
Y62
Y69
H5 5
1.5.7.5 Annual Repeat Test
The annual repeat test specified in 1.5.2 - 1.5.4
shall entail the preparations and testing of weld metal test
pieces as prescribed under 1.5.7.2. In special cases the Reg-
ister may require more extensive repeat test.
1.5.8 Consumables for welding of aluminium
alloys
1.5.8.1 General
Welding consumables for welding of alumin-
ium alloys are divided into quality grades shown in the Table
1.5.8.1, on the basis of their chemical composition and me-
chanical properties.
Welding consumables preferably to be used for
the welding of aluminium alloys concerned are divided into
two categories as follows:
W = wire - combination wire-gas for MIG
(131), TIG (141) or plasma arc
welding (15)
R = rod - combination rod-gas for TIG
(141) or plasma arc welding (15)
The Approval of a wire or a rod will be granted
in conjunction with a specific shielding gas according to Ta-
ble 1.5.8.1-1. Chemical composition of the shielding gas is to
be separated.
1.5.8.2 Testing of the weld metal
The testing of weld metal shall consist of a
chemical analysis of the deposited weld metal. For that pur-
pose a test piece according to Figure 1.5.8.2. shall be pre-
pared. The size depends on the type of the welding consum-
able and on the welding process and shall give a sufficient
amount of pure weld metal for chemical analysis. The base
metal used shall be compatible with the weld metal in respect
of chemical composition.
The chemical composition of the weld metal
shall be determined as prescribed in 1.5.2.2-3. The results of
the analysis shall not exceed the limits specified in standards
or by the manufacturers.
PART 26
2009
1.5.8.3 Testing on welded joints
The testing on welded joints shall be performed
as prescribed in 1.5.2.3 on butt weld test pieces in compli-
ance with Fig. 1.5.8.3. The base materials shall be used as in-
dicated in Table 1.5.8.1.
The plate thickness shall be 10 - 12 mm for
MIG (131) and plasma arc welding (15) and for TIG (141)
welding 4 - 6 mm.
Depending on the welding positions for which
the approval is granted, the butt - weld ( shown in Fig.
1.5.8.3) shall be welded in the relevant positions, the mini-
mum requirement the downhand (PA) or vertical - up (PF)
positions.
The wire diameters and the welding parameters
shall be in accordance with recommendations of the manu-
facturer of the welding consumables. The chemical composi-
tion of the shielding gas used shall be stated in the report on
testing. Post-weld heat treatment of the test pieces is allowed
only if such treatment shall be carried out in the regular pro-
duction of welded components. After being subjected to ra-
diographic examination of test pieces, the test specimens
shall be cut from each test piece in accordance with Fig.
1.5.8.3.
The required properties of the welded joint
which shall be complied with for welding consumable grades
are stated in Table 1.5.8.3.
The position of the fracture shall be stated in
the test report.
Table 1.5.8.1
Welding consumables for aluminium alloys
Base material for the test
1
) Base materials also "covered" by the approval Grade
Numerical Chemical symbol Numerical Chemical symbol
RA/WA 5754 AlMg 3 - -
RB/WB 5086 AlMg 4 5754 AlMg 3
RC/WC 5083 AlMg 4,5 Mn W 0,7
5754
5086
6005 (A)
6061
6082
AlMg 3
AlMg 4
AlSiMg
AlMg 1 SiCu
AlSi 1 MgMn
RD/WD
6082 AlSi 1 MgMn
5754
5086
5083
6005 (A)
6061
6082
AlMg 3
AlMg 4
AlMg 4,5 Mn 0,7
AlSiMg (A)
AlMg 1 SiCu
AlSi 1 MgMn
Note:
1
) In respect to the bend test, it is recommended to carry out the test with base material in "soft" conditions.
Table 1.5.8.1-1
Chemical compositions of the shielding gases and mixtures
Gas composition (vol. %)
1
)
Group
Argon Helium
I - 1
I - 2
I - 3
I - 4
I - 5
100
-
Rest
Rest
Rest
-
100
> 0 do 33
> 33 do 66
> 66 do 95
S Special gas, composition to be specified.
Note:
1
) Gases of other chemical composition (mixed gases) may be considered as
"special gases" and covered by a separate test.
PART 26
2009
Figure 1.5.8.2
Z = Flat tensile test specimen
B
D
= Transverse bend test specimen , cover pass in tension
B
W
= Transverse bend test specimen , root pass in tension
M = Macro section
Figure 1.5.8.3
Table 1.5.8.3
Required properties of welded joints
Grade
(chemical symbol)
Minimum
tensile
strength
[N/mm
2
]
Mandrel
diameter
[mm]
Minimum
bending
angle
1
)
RA/WA (AlMg3) 190 3 t 180
o
RB/WB (AlMg4) 240 6 t 180
o
RC/WC (AlMg4,5Mn0,7) 275 6 t 180
o
RD/WD AlSi1MgMn) 170 6 t 180
o
Note:
1
) Bending angle before first incipient crack, minor pore exposures up to maximum length of 3 mm are
allowed.
1.5.8.4 Annual repeat tests
The annual repeat tests of the approved welding
consumables shall cover the preparation and testing of butt-
weld test piece (1.5.8.3) welded in the downhand position
(PA) with wire of 1,2 mm in diameter. Half of specimens
may be used in the repeat tests as in the initial test.
1.6 OVERWELDABLE SHOP PRIM-
ERS
1.6.1 General
1.6.1.1 Overweldable shop primers applied to plates,
sections etc. shall not significantly impair the quality of
welded joints.
Overweldable shop primers for which the Reg-
ister has issued Certificate on approval on the basis of a po-
rosity test may be used. Even if the Certificate on approval
has been issued, overweldable shop primers intended for
PART 26
2009
welding may be approved for automatic double fillet welding
only after a special welding procedure test in the users work.
1.6.2 Testing and approval of shop primers
1.6.2.1 Application for approval of the shop primer
shall be submitted by the manufacturer to the Register to-
gether with the following information:
Manufacturer (and licensor, where applica-
ble),
Brand name (and licensors brand name,
where applicable) together with the original
brand name in the case of commercial des-
ignations used for marketing.
Code number/symbol identifying the for-
mulation,
Characteristic pigment base
Characteristic binding agent base
Instructions for use (preparation of surface,
methods of application, dry coat thickness
etc.,
Documentation relating to previous tests,
approvals etc.,
Place and date of proposed tests.
1.6.2.2 The porosity test shall be performed by neutral,
properly equipped testing authorities recognized by the Reg-
ister for that purpose. Testing should be performed in accor-
dance HRN EN ISO 17652-2.
1.6.2.3 The identity of the sample submitted for testing
shall be established and recorded in the test report.
1.6.2.4 The Certificate on approval issued by the Reg-
ister, imposes on the manufacturer the responsibility for en-
suring that the composition and characteristics of the shop
primer remain constant. Any modifications shall be reported
automatically to the Register and shall necessitate new tests
in compliance with 1.6.2.2.
1.6.2.5 Approval is valid for 3 year. On application by
the manufacturer it may be extended by a further 3 years at
time. In the application, the manufacturer shall confirm in
writhing that no changes have been made to the product since
the initial approval was granted.
PART 26
2009
2 FABRICATION AND IN-
SPECTION OF WELDED JOINTS
2.1 FABRICATION OF WELDED
JOINTS
2.1.1 General
2.1.1.1 This Chapter contains the general guidances
applicable to the performance of welding work extending
from the weld preparation to the completion of the welded
joint.
2.1.1.2 All workshops wishing to perform welding
works shall comply with the requirements of this Rules speci-
fied in 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and, where necessary 2.3. Each workshop
shall maintain up-to-date records on the compliance with the
relevant requirements and shall submit them to the Surveyor
to the Register, at his request.
2.1.1.3 Welding may be performed on materials whose
identity and weldability, under the given production condi-
tions, can be uniformly established (by reference to markings,
certificates etc.).
2.1.1.4 Welding consumables tested in compliance
with 1.5. of these Rules, approved by the Register and of a
quality grade appropriate to the base material, may be used
for welding. Welding consumables for the special welding
procedures, approved on the basis of the welding procedure
test, may be used only for the range of application specified
in the relevant approval certificate.
2.1.1.5 Overweldable shop primers applied to plates,
sections, etc. which are not removed prior to welding shall be
tested and approved by the Register in compliance with 1.6
of these Rules.
2.1.1.6 Welded joints shall be performed in accordance
with approved drawings, welding practice or company stan-
dards approved by the Register. Exceptions to these Rules are
subject to the Registers agreement in each particular case.
2.1.2 Weld preparation
2.1.2.1 Weld preparation may be carried out by thermal
cutting or machining. Groove edges shall be free from impu-
rities and defects which may impair the quality of the welded
joint.
2.1.2.2 When preparing and assembling components,
care shall be taken to ensure compliance with the weld shapes
and root openings specified in the approved documentation.
For single- and double-bevel butt welds, provision shall be
made for adequate root openings to enable sufficient root
penetration.
The root opening shall not exceed twice the
specified gap. The size of the gap may be reduced locally by
the build-up welding of the side walls in agreement with the
surveyor to the Register.
2.1.2.3 Components which are butt welded shall be
aligned as accurately as possible. Therefore sections welded
to plating shall be left unwelded at the ends for this purpose.
2.1.2.4 Tack welds shall be performed as much as pos-
sible, by trained personnel. The places where their quality
does not meet the requirements applicable to the welded
joint, shall be carefully removed before permanent welding.
Clamping plates, temporary ties and aligning pins shall be
made from the same or similar material as base material and
shall not be used more than necessary. Any damage caused
during their removal shall be competently repaired.
2.1.3 Weather protection, preheating
2.1.3.1 The areas which shall be welded shall be ade-
quately protected against climatic influences such as wind,
damp and cold and shall be preheated where necessary. The
need for preheating and the preheating temperature shall be
determined by various factors such as chemical composition,
plate thickness, heat dissipation and ambient temperature.
Details regarding this requirement are given in 2.2. Preheat-
ing shall be applied uniformly throughout the thickness of the
plate over width of four times the plate thickness, but not less
than 100 mm.
2.1.4 Welding positions and welding sequence
2.1.4.1 Welding shall be performed, as a rule, in the
optimum welding position.
The welding sequence shall ensure minimum
relieving stresses and deformations in welded structures. In
particular cases, the Register may require the welding sched-
ule to be submitted.
2.1.5 Performance of welding work
2.1.5.1 The welding shop shall ensure that the specified
welding parameters are adhered to and that the welding work
is expertly performed. Components which have not been
fully welded and which shall be handled or turned shall have
welded joints of adequate strength. Cracked tack welds shall
not be welded over, but they shall be machined out prior to
welding. Welds shall have sufficient penetration and shall
display a clean, regular surface with smooth transition to the
base material. Excessive weld metal, undercuts or notches
which may affect the weld quality shall be avoided.
2.1.6 Straightening and tolerances
2.1.6.1 Straightening operations (thermal or mechani-
cal) shall not impair the quality of the materials and welded
joints. Register may require verification of the suitability of
the straightening method (e.g. by means of a welding proce-
dure test). Tolerances for welded structures are stated in the
manufacturing documentation and shall be in accordance
with one of the recognized standards (e.g. HRN EN ISO
13920).
PART 26
2009
2.1.7 Post-weld treatment
2.1.7.1 When the post-weld treatment is intended to be
carried out to improve the surface finishing in case of dy-
namic loading, such treatment shall not impair the character-
istics of the welded joints.
For post-weld heat treatment, see 2.2 and for
the surface treatment for non-destructive testing see 2.3.
2.2 HEAT TREATMENT
2.2.1 General
2.2.1.1 This Chapter apply to the preheating prior to
and during the welding as well as to heat treatment of welded
joints.
2.2.2 Equipment and appliances for heat
treatment
2.2.2.1 When heat treatment is carried out in furnaces,
the furnaces shall be equipped with calibrated devices for
temperature control, monitoring and temperature recorders.
The furnace dimensions and heating system shall enable the
component to be evenly heated to the required temperature.
The furnace shall be properly serviced and examined at
regular intervals.
2.2.2.2 If no furnaces of sufficient size are available,
heat treatment may be carried out in specially designed
equipment. Such equipment shall comply with the require-
ments of 2.2.2.1. regarding control, monitoring and tempera-
ture recording.
2.2.2.3 If no heat treatment units of sufficient size are
available, heat treatment may be carried out in sections in
agreement with the Register. Requirements regarding control,
monitoring and temperature recording, specified in 2.2.2.1,
shall be complied with also in this case and for this equip-
ment.
2.2.2.4 Preheating may be carried out in furnaces or by
means of heating appliances such as gas burners or resistance
mats. Their use imposes the method of pre-heating tempera-
ture monitoring as well as interpass temperature throughout
the welding operation. Temperature may be monitored by
means of suitable appliances such as contact thermometers,
temperature sensitive crayons or similar.
2.2.3 Weather protection, preheating
2.2.3.1 The area in which welding work is performed
shall be sheltered from wind, damp and cold. Where gas-
shielded arc welding is carried out, special attention shall be
paid to adequate draught protection.
At ambient temperature below +5
o
C, additional
measures shall be taken, such as shielding of components,
preliminary heating and preheating, especially when welding
with a rather low heat input (laying down of thin fillet welds
or welding of thick-walled components).
Wherever possible, no welding shall be per-
formed at ambient temperatures below -10
o
C.
2.2.3.2 The need for preheating and the preheating
temperature depend on a number of factors. The most consid-
erable are:
chemical composition of the base material,
the workpiece thickness and the type of
weld joint,
the welding process and welding parame-
ters,
temperature dependence on mechanical
properties of the weld metal and the heat-
affected zone,
diffusible hydrogen content of the weld
metal.
The operating temperature to be maintained
(minimum preheating temperature and maximum interpass
temperature) for (hull) structural steels may be determined in
accordance with HRN EN 1011-2. Guide values for the pre-
heating temperature are contained in Figures 2.2.3-a and
2.2.3-b shown below for two different energy inputs per unit
length of weld
1)
and hydrogen contents H
2)
of the weld metal
together with the various carbon equivalents Ceq
3)
.
1) Energy input per unit length of weld:
U [volts] I [amps] welding time [min] 6
E =
length of weld [mm] 100

mm
kJ
2) Hydrogen content:
H 5 = max. 5 ml diffusible hydrogen per 100 g of weld
metal
H 15 = max 15 ml difusible hydrogen per 100 g of weld
metal
3) Carbon equivalent:
40 20 10
Ni Cu Cr Mo Mn
C Ceq +
+
+
+
+ =
When the temperature of a component being
welded is lower than the preheating temperature (calculated
on the basis of above data) preheating is necessary.
Various methods of preheating may be applied:
continuous heating prior to and during the
welding,
alternate heating and welding,
heating only prior to start of welding. When
the heat input during welding is sufficient
to maintain the minimum preheating and
interpass temperatures.
The heating method may be chosen at ones dis-
cretion, provided that it does not affect material by local
overheating or cause nuisance by making the welding area
dirty.
Irrespective of the data referred to in Figures
2.2.3-a and b, at the area where auxiliary erection welds are
carried out (e.g. handling lugs) shall be preheated as well as
all unalloyed steels with thickness of 20 mm and over and all
alloyed steels.
For austenite steels, drying of the areas to be
welded by heating shall be sufficient.
Preheating shall be applied uniformly through-
out the thickness of material over the width of 4 x the mate-
rial thickness, but not less than 100 mm on both sides of the
weld. Local overheating shall not be permitted.
PART 26
2009
The preheating temperatures specified in Fig-
ures 2.2.3-a and b may be applied to tack welds.
Ceq = 0,25 / H5
Ceq = 0,30 / H5
Ceq = 0,35 / H5
Ceq = 0,40 / H5
Ceq = 0,25 / H15
Ceq = 0,30 / H15
Ceq = 0,35 / H15
Ceq = 0,40 / H15
Wall thickness (mm)
Figure 2.2.3-a
Minimum preheating temperatures (operating temperatures) applicable to welding processes with a relatively low heat input
(energy input per unit length
1
) E 0,5 kJ/mm) as a function of the carbon equivalent Ceq on the base material and hydrogen content
of the weld metal
Ceq = 0,25 / H5
Ceq = 0,30 / H5
Ceq = 0,35 / H5
Ceq = 0,40 / H5
Ceq = 0,25 / H15
Ceq = 0,30 / H15
Ceq = 0,35 / H15
Ceq = 0,40 / H15
Wall thickness (mm)
Figure 2.2.3-b
Minimum preheating temperatures (operating temperatures) applicable to welding processes with a relatively high input
(energy input per unit length
1
) E 3,5 kJ/mm) as a function of the carbon equivalent Ceq on the base material and the hydrogen
content of the weld metal
M
i
n
i
m
u
m

t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

p
r
e
h
e
a
t
i
n
g

(
o
C
)
M
i
n
i
m
u
m

t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

p
r
e
h
e
a
t
i
n
g

(
o
C
)
PART 26
2009
Table 2.2.3 gives guide values for the carbon
equivalent Ceq of some of the grades of hull structural steels
(based on the information of steel manufacturer).
Table 2.2.3
Ceq [% in weight]
Hull steel grades
Average value
1
) Maximum value
1
)
A
E
D36
E36TM
D40
E40TM
0,27
0,26
0,33
0,27
0,27
0,24
0,28
0,27
0,34
0,28
0,28
0,25
1) For product thickness up to 50 mm.
2.2.4 Post weld heat treatment
2.2.4.1 Post weld heat treatment shall be carried out on
welded joints in accordance with 3.1 to 3.4.
Stress relief heat treatment at temperatures
specified in Table 2.2.4.1, is generally sufficient.
The stress relief heat treatment shall be carried
out by means of slow, even heating of the components to the
prescribed temperature ranges, holding in these ranges for
two minutes per mm of wall thickness (but not less than 30
minutes), slow cooling down to 400
o
and after that complete
cooling in still air. For thick-walled components, the holding
time need not be longer than 150 minutes.
Table 2.2.4.1
Heat treatment temperatures for stress-relief heat treatment,
of welded joints using similar filler metals
Category in accordance
with
DIN V 1738 (CR 12187)
Steel grades
Examples of appropriate
steels in accordance with So-
ciety's Rules or the
Standards
1
)
Heat treatment
temperature
[
o
C]
1.1
Normal-strength hull structural steels and
comparable structural steels, grade of steel
forgings and castings
Grades A - E 550-600
1.2
Higher-strength hull structural steels and
comparable structural steels, grades of steel
forgings and castings
Grades A36- E36 530-580
1.2 High-temperature, low Mo alloy steels 16 Mo 3 550-620
2
Normalised or thermo-mechanically proc-
essed fine-grained steels with yield
strengths > 360 N/mm
2
Grades A39- E39
S 460 tm
550-600
3
Quenched and tempered fine-grained
structural steels with yield strengths
> 360 N/mm
2
S 690 QL 530-580
5
5.1
5.2
Steels with a max. Cr content of 10%, max.
Mo content of 1,2%
13 Cr Mo 4-5
10 Cr Mo 9-10,
10 Cr Mo 9-10
630-680
670-720
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
Nickel steels with a max. Ni content of 10%
13 Mn Ni 6-3 (0,5% Ni)
12 Ni 14 (3,5% Ni)
12 Ni 19 (5% Ni)
X 8 Ni 9 (9% Ni)
X 7 Ni 9 (9% Ni)
530-560
530-560
550-560
2
)
2
)
Note:
1
) Steel grades not listed here are to be classed with comparable grades.
2
) Heat treatment should be avoided.
2.3 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF
WELDS
2.3.1 General
This Chapter apply to the performance of non-
destructive tests of welded joints according to the methods
and scopes prescribed in the individual sections of Chapter 3
for various fields of application. The present part shall also
apply to the non-destructive tests of welded joints specified
in other Parts of the Rules for which no specific details are
given therein. The standards specified in the following para-
graphs of this Chapter are integral part of these Rules and
shall be complied with when performing the non-destructive
weld tests. When the standards differ from the Rules, the lat-
ter shall take precedence.
The works inspection department shall be inde-
pendent and free from the fabrication department what is
necessary to ensure that the testing and evaluation of the re-
sults are carried out objectively. This applies to outside in-
spection bodies in analogous manner.
PART 26
2009
2.3.2 Test methods, appliances and test
equipment
The choice of the test method to be applied in
each particular case shall be determined, among other things,
by the weld shape, the material and the defects to be expected
(type and position). The following basic requirements shall
be mostly complied with:
a) For wall and weld thickness up to 30 mm,
radiographic inspection shall be prefer-
able method; for larger thickness, ultra-
sonic inspection shall be used as the basic
test method.
b) For wall or weld thickness of 10 mm and
above, either radiographic or ultrasonic
examinations shall be applied in agree-
ment with the Register.
c) For radiographic examination, x-ray
sources shall be used wherever possible.
Gamma-ray sources may be used only in
agreement with the Register on the basis
of examination and approval of the test
method.
d) For magnetic materials, testing for sur-
face cracks shall be carried out by the
magnetic particle method; the use of
penetrants for magnetic materials shall be
in agreement with the Register.
The test method shall be such as to enable
detecting of possible external or internal
defects. Where necessary, two or more
test methods may be used in combination.
The particular test method to be used
shall be stated in the inspection schedule.
The test appliances as well as media used
shall comply with the requirements of the
relevant standards and shall be properly
used and serviced.
2.3.3 Inspection personnel, supervisors
The non-destructive weld testing may be
performed only by persons trained in the use of the relevant
test method and appliances as well as having the practical
experience. The Register may require the appropriate
documentary proof of such training and experience of the
personnel for the particular non-destructive weld test
methods.
2.3.4 Inspection schedule, inspection reports
Inspection schedule for the non-destructive
weld test shall cover the following information:
components of welded joints to be tested;
scope and method of testing;
areas to be inspected (location of sections,
product);
criteria to be complied with;
test method and/or standard, if the different
standards from those specified in these
Rules, shall be applied.
The inspection schedule shall be submitted to
the Register for approval.
The reports on testing shall be prepared on the
basis of all testing results and shall be submitted to the sur-
veyor to the Register with other relevant documentation.
2.3.5 Timing of testing
Non-destructive tests of welds shall, as a gen-
eral rule, be carried out after all welding operations are com-
pleted on the components concerned. Prior to these tests,
welded joints shall be visually inspected and all surface de-
fects which may cause misinterpretation of test results or
conclusion shall be removed. Components subjected to the
post-weld heat treatment shall be, as a general rule, inspected
after heat treatment. In case of higher strength, specially
high-strength structural steels and similar where the delayed
cracking are likely to occur (due to the presence of hydrogen
in the weld metal) the tests shall not be carried out earlier
than 48 hours after completion of the welding work. The
Register may require longer waiting time (e.g. 72 hours up to
a maximum of 7 days) or repeated tests (on a random sam-
pling basis) after appropriate waiting time.
2.3.6 Preparation and performance of tests
The areas to be tested shall be sufficiently clean
and smooth for the respective test method. Irregularities in
the welded joint remains of auxiliary welds, welding spatter,
slag remains etc. and any protective coatings shall be re-
moved before the tests, if they are liable to prevent them from
being performed properly. In special cases (e.g. ultrasonic
testing for transverse defects), machining of the weld and the
associated edge surface may be required. Non-destructive
tests are specified in 2.3.11. to 2.3.14.
2.3.7 Evaluation of test results
In the case of radiographic testing and individ-
ual methods of surface testing, the symbols specified in Table
2.3.7-a shall be used to identify test defects
(HRN EN ISO 6520).
For evaluation of particular sections of steel
welded structures, the evaluation categories in compliance
with HRN EN ISO 5817, shall be used, and for evaluation of
particular sections of aluminium alloys welded structures the
evaluation categories in compliance with HRN EN ISO
10042 shall be used.
The test results shall be evaluated by the quality
control department, while the ultimate evaluation shall be
made by a surveyor to the Register.
In the case of radiographic examination, the
results shall be rated in accordance with Table 2.3.7-c and for
ultrasonic examination the results shall be rated in two
categories: "acceptable" and "not acceptable" (repaired or
rejected).
Acceptability of welded joints (radiographically
tested) may be evaluated by applying the evaluation category
with three or five grades.
Evaluation of quality, according to the evalua-
tion category with five grades, shall be performed under the
Table 2.3.7-c or under the standard recognized by the Regis-
ter.
PART 26
2009
Evaluation of quality, according to the evalua-
tion category with three grades, shall be performed in accor-
dance with HRN EN ISO 5817 or HRN EN ISO 10042 re-
spectively of base material.
The quality of welded joints shall comply with
the requirements set forth in Table 2.3.7.-b.
Table 2.3.7-a
Symbols denoting defects (taken from HRN EN ISO 6520)
Symbol No. / symbol ac-
cording to MIZ
Description
1
)
100 E Cracks
101 E
a
Longitudinal cracks
102 E
b
Transverse cracks
104 E
c
End crater cracks
2011 A
a
Pore
2015 A
b
Elongated cavity
2016 A
b
Worm hole
2024 K End crater cavity
301 B
a
Slog inclusion
304 H Metallic inclusion
4011 - Lack of side-wall fusion
4012 - Lack of inter-run fusion
4013 D Lack of root fusion
402 D Incomplete penetration
5011 F Undercut, continuos
5012 F Undercut, intermittent
5013 - Root notch
502 - Excessive weld reinforcement
(butt weld)
503 - Excessive convexity (fillet weld)
504 - Excessive root reinforcement
507 - Misalignment of edges
510 - Burn-through
511 - Incompletely filled groove
515 - Root concavity
517 - Poor restart
Table 2.3.7-b
Quality of Welded Joints
Minimum permissible grade
Structure Category
According to
Table 2.3.7-b
According to HRN
EN ISO 5817 or
HRN EN ISO
10042
Hull 3* C
Heat
exchangers
and pressure
vessels
I
II
III
2
3
3
B
C
C
Pipings I
II
III
2
3
3
B
C
C
Machinery
and gears
On agreement with the Register
*) Depending on the loads applied to welded joints, the
Register may increase or decrease the required grade,
stated in the Table.
Table 2.3.7-c
Evaluation ratings
Findings Rating Remark
Weld free from detectable defects 1 = excellent -
Minor defects such as isolated pores and
small slag inclusions which do not reduce
the strength of the welded joints
2 = serviceable -
Acceptable defects such as small rows or
clusters of pores, small slag lines, short
root defects and minor lack of fusion
3 = leave as is
Repair not recommended for components
subject to normal stresses. Short root
defects and minor lack of fusion may be
left only at non-critical points.
Defects to be avoided, e.g. coarse slag in-
clusions, pore accumulations, root defects,
lack of fusion, small isolated cracks
4 = to be repaired Repair required
Extensive major defects and cracks 5 = to be replaced
Replacement of the sections of weld or of
the entire welded joints required
PART 26
2009
2.3.8 Extension of the scope of inspection
If the percentage of defects exceeds that of the
prescribed, the Register may extend the scope of inspection.
2.3.9 Repairs, re-inspection
Welded joints shall be repaired in agreement
with the Register. Repaired welds shall be re-inspected and
shall be specially indicated in the inspection report and on the
radiographs ( R= repair).
2.3.10 Visual examination
Visual examination shall cover ( using the opti-
cal appliances, where necessary ) as follows:
completeness; (if welded all required)
dimensional accuracy;
compliance with the specified weld shape;
presence of inadmissible external defects.
The dimensional accuracy shall be checked by
means of suitable measuring instruments, on a random sam-
pling basis.
When checking the shape and external defects,
special attention shall be paid to:
weld reinforcement or depression;
weld edge angle;
misalignment of edges,
undercuts;
visible porosity and slag inclusions;
fused weld spatter;
arc strikes on the base material;
concave root surface and incomplete root
fusion;
cracks;
unequal side lengths (with fillet welds).
Tolerances are referred to in 2.3.7.
Repair of visible cracks is mandatory.
2.3.11 Radiographic examination
X-ray sources shall be used for the radiographic
inspection. In particular cases, in agreement with the
Register, gamma-ray sources may be used. Radiographic
parameters prescribed in the HRN EN 1435 for the test
category A shall be preferably used in shipbuilding and for
test category B, in steam boiler, pressure vessel and pipeline
manufacture. In applying several films to inspect the welds
(e.g. for circumferential radiographs) they shall overlap at the
ends. When pipes are inspected having an outside diameter
90 mm, elliptical radiograph may be made.
Each radiograph shall include one image
quality indicator in accordance with HRN EN 462-1 (wire
indicator). Each radiograph shall also include the appropriate
symbols (marks) to uniformly indicate its relation to the
structure as well as to the test report. The inspection report
shall cover the following information together with
explanatory sketches (where necessary):
work number, component, inspection
schedule number, inspection position;
material, welding process;
workpiece or weld thickness;
date and time of test;
radiation source;
tube voltage during inspection;
radiographic parameters (to HRN EN 1435)
position of wire indicator;
type of film;
test category, image quality index;
symbol denoting defect, to Table 2.3.7-a.
The initial evaluation shall be usually carried
out by the quality control department and the ultimate
evaluation on the basis of the radiographs and relevant re-
ports shall be carried out by the Surveyor to the Register.
2.3.12 Ultrasonic examination
The test appliances, probes and other accesso-
ries shall be in accordance with relevant standards (e.g. HRN
EN 27963 or HRN EN 1714). Calibration of the instruments
prior to inspection shall be performed on the calibration
blocks to HRN EN 27963.
Depending on the required echo sensitivity
(height) setting of sensitivity shall be done to DIN 54127,
Part 1.
The weld test surface shall be smooth and free
from impurities, rust and spatter on both sides. Paint and
protection coatings which are not likely to affect the test re-
sults need not be removed prior to testing. The testing proc-
ess shall depend on the weld geometry and the possible ori-
entation of defects. The Table 2.3.12 shows the limit values
(number and length of defects) of the longitudinal and trans-
versal defects above which the repair shall be carried out.
Continuous echo indication which point at the
systematic weld defects (e.g. root defects due to incomplete
penetration or rows of pores), requires the repair even if the
repair limit values are not attained (to Table 2.3.12). Echo in-
dications which point at the presence of cracks necessitate
repairs anyway. Echo indication due to transverse defects call
for the repair in any case unless they are below the repair
limit values stated in Table 2.3.12. If the evaluation of echo
indications gives rise to doubt regarding the need for repairs,
the evaluation may be complemented with radiographic in-
spection as to obtain accurate assessment.
Inspection report (prescribed in HRN EN 1714)
shall be prepared for all testing and shall contain essential in-
formation. Where echo indications below repair limit values
referred to in Table 2.3.12. are also stated in the report, each
defect thus identified shall be marked (e.g. leave as it is or to
be repaired: a - acceptable, or b - not acceptable).
PART 26
2009
Table 2.3.12
Repair limit values (number and length of defects)
Longitudinal defects Transverse defects
Category to
HRN EN ISO
5817 and HRN
EN ISO 10042
Wall thickness
of the weld
[mm]
Number of
defects per
meter
of the weld
Registration
length
[mm]
Max. permissible
excess of echo
high
[dB]
Number of
defects per m
of the weld
Registration
length
[mm]
Max. permissible
excess of echo
high
[dB]
10...15
10 and
3 and
1
10
20
10
6
6
12
3 10 6
> 15...20
10 and
3 and
1
10
20
10
6
6
12
3 10 6
> 20...40
10 and
3 and
1
10
25
10
6
6
12
3 10 6
B
> 40
10 and
3 and
1
10
30
10
6
6
12
3 10 6
10...20
10 and
3 and
1
15
30
10
6
6
12
3 10 6
> 20...40
10 and
3 and
1
15
40
10
6
6
12
3 10 6 C
> 40
10 and
3 and
1
15
50
10
6
6
12
3 10 6
10...20
10 i
3 i
1
15
50
10
6
6
12
5 10 6
> 20...40
10 and
3 and
1
15
00
10
6
6
12
5 10 6 D
> 40
10 and
3 and
1
20
50
10
6
6
12
5 10 6
2.3.13 Magnetic particle testing
The test appliances and media shall comply
with the requirements of the relevant standards (e.g. HRN EN
1290; HRN EN 1291). The magnetising equipment shall be
provided with measuring devices which indicate the magnet-
ising current strength. Magnetic particles (black or fluores-
cent) in a suitable suspension under influence of magnetic
current, shall accumulate at the limits of defects. The choice
of the magnetisation method depend on the geometry of the
component and shall be agreed with the Register. The testing
surface shall be free from loose scale, rust, weld spatter and
other impurities. Notches, indentations, scratches and edges
which may cause false indications shall be removed prior to
inspection. Thin, dry layers (e.g. coat thickness up to 20
mm) shall not be removed if they do not impede the inspec-
tion. Every spot of accumulation of magnetic particles which
is not due to false indication shall be stated in testing-report
and shall be repaired. In the case of small cracks, this may be
done by grinding. Larger cracks shall be machined out and
repair-welded.
Inspection report shall cover the following de-
tails:
details on the component, or a weld tested;
data on magnetisation ;
magnetizing equipment data;
test media;
test results;
place and time of testing, testing body and
person performing the test.
PART 26
2009
2.3.14 Penetrant testing
Coloured or fluorescent penetrants may be used
as penetrant media. Penetrant removers and developers shall
be compatible with the penetrant used. The testing surface
shall be completely free from scale, rust, greases, oils and
paints before the penetrant is applied as to enable penetration
into any surface defect. Also care shall be taken to ensure that
defects are not mechanically sealed by preliminary cleaning.
The testing surface shall be dry and the temperature of the
workpiece shall be between 5
o
and 50
o
C. The penetration
time shall be chosen in accordance with the manufacturers
instructions but shall not be less than 15 minutes for work-
piece temperatures of 15
o
C and over, or less than 30 minutes
where the temperature is below 15
o
C. After this procedure
the surplus penetrant shall be completely wiped off. The de-
veloper shall be applied evenly and thinly as possible on the
dried surface. The developing time shall be the same as that
of penetration.
Visual inspection shall be carried out upon the
expiry of application time of the developer. The test results
shall be assessed analogously as those in 2.3.13.
Test report shall cover the following:
details on the component or a weld joint;
test media (type, brand name);
description of the test procedure;
test results;
place and time of testing, testing body and
person performing the test.
2.4 MECHANICAL AND TECHNO-
LOGICAL TESTS
2.4.1 General
This Chapter shall prescribe the usual shapes of
test specimens as well as the mechanical and technological
testing of welds.
2.4.2 Preparation of specimens and testing
All tests shall be carried out by trained person-
nel using calibrated testing machines. The testing machines
shall be kept in good working condition and shall be calibrate
at regular intervals by an independent inspection authority.
Before being cut out of test piece, specimens
shall be marked by a Surveyor. They shall be, as a rule , me-
chanically cut and machined to the required dimensions.
When cut by a thermal process, test specimens shall be wide
enough to ensure that the heat-affected zone can be com-
pletely machined off.
All mechanical and technological tests shall be
performed in the presence of the Surveyor, unless otherwise
stipulated or agreed.
Specimen thickness a
5 > 5
to
10
> 10
to
20
> 20
to
30
Specimen thickness b 15 20 25 30
Gauge length L
c
Weld width
b
s
+ 80 mm
1)
Head width B 25 30 35 40
Total length L
t
L
c
+ 180
Radius r 35
Note:
1
) b
s
measured on the side of the weld with the greater
seam width.
Figure 2.4.2-1
Flat tensile specimen (welded joint)
2.4.3 Tensile tests
a) Flat tensile specimen (HRN EN 895)
This test is carried out to determine the
tensile strength, position and type of
fracture and elongation of specimen
(where required). The dimensions of flat
specimen are shown in Fig. 2.4.2-1. The
thickness "a" of the specimen is usually
the wall thickness. If the thickness is
grater than 30 mm and less than 50 mm,
the specimen may be machined down to a
thickness of 30 mm. With thickness of
50 mm, two or more specimens shall be
prepared.
b) Round tensile specimens (HRN EN 876)
tensile strength, yield strength
02
, reduc-
tion in area and elongation of the weld
metal. Where necessary, in the case of
high-temperature steels, yield strength
02
at elevated temperatures shall also be de-
termined. Wherever possible, the test
shall be performed on a 10 mm round
tensile specimen with longitudinal axis is
in the direction of the seam.
PART 26
2009
Figure 2.4.2-2
Round tensile specimen (weld metal)
Figure 2.4.2-3
Location of specimen in weld metal
If the dimensions of weld do not permit the
preparation of a 10 mm diameter tensile specimen, specimens
with a smaller diameter may be used provided that the gauge
length is 5 times and the parallel length at least 6 times the
diameter of the specimen.
2.4.4 Bend test
a) Transverse bend test (HRN EN 910)
ductility of the welded joint across the
seam. For this purpose the specimen is
bent over a mandrel or prescribed diame-
ter and the angle achieved, with the modi-
fication of the bending elongation on the
tension side of the specimen. The speci-
men dimensions are shown in
Fig. 2.4.4-1.
The thickness of the specimen is normally the
wall thickness. If the thickness is greater than 30 mm, the
specimen may be machined down on one side to thickness of
30 mm. On the tension side during the test, the edges may be
rounded to the specified radius r. Depending on the test pro-
cedure, the specimens shall be mounted in the testing device
so that either the upper and lower side of the weld is in ten-
sion during the test. The test rig for bend test is shown in Fig.
2.4.4.-2.
Specimen thickness a
Dimensions
11 > 11 14 > 14 17 > 17 22 > 22 27 > 27 35
Specimen width b 20 30 30 1,5 a 1,5 a 1,5 a
3
a
d
250 250 250 250 300 380

4
a
d
=
250 250 250 290 350 430
Specimen
length Lt
where
6
a
d
=
250 250 290 350 430 530
Radius r, side in tension 2 2 2 3 3 3
Figure 2.4.4-1
Dimensions of the transverse bend test specimen
Section A - B
PART 26
2009
Figure 2.4.4-2
Test rig
If the elongation values of the base material and
the weld metal differ greatly (e.g. in the case of welded alu-
minium test pieces), the test rig shown in Fig. 2.4.4-3 may be
used in order to prevent premature incipient cracking of the
specimen.
Figure 2.4.4-3
Special test rig ("wrap round")
b) Side bend test (HRN EN 910)
ductility of the welded joint in the cross-
sectional plane. For this purpose the
specimen is bent over a mandrel of speci-
fied diameter and the bending angle at-
tained is measured. The shape and dimen-
sions of the specimen is shown in Fig.
2.4.4.-4 and Table 2.4.4-4.
Figure 2.4.4-4
Side bend test specimen
Table 2.4.4-4
Dimensions for side bend test
Ratio d/a
Dimensions
3 4 6
Specimen thickness a 10
Specimen width b Product thickness
Radius r, tension side 1 ( 3)
1)
Specimen length, L
t
150 170 200
Notes:
1
) The radius in brackets applies to specimens where the
weld reinforcements are not machined off.
Testing specimen are to be mounted in the
testing device shown in Fig. 2.4.4-3 in such a way that the
testing load acts in the direction of the original longitudinal
axis of the seam. On the side of in tension during the test, the
long edges of the specimen may be rounded to the specified
radius.
If the welded clad plates are subjected to side
bend testing, the form of specimen shown in Fig. 2.4.4.-5
shall be used. The dimensions are stated in the Table 2.4.4.-4.
Figure 2.4.4-5
Form of clad side bend test specimen
PART 26
2009
c) Bend test specimen from pipe joints
If the bend test specimens are taken from
the circumferential pipe welds, the side
faces shall be parallel. If necessary, the
side of the specimen which is in compres-
sion shall be machined in accordance
with Fig. 2.4.4-6
side in compression
Figure 2.4.4-6
Cross section of bend test specimen (cut out from a pipe)
2.4.5 Impact test
(HRN EN 875)
The purpose of this test is to determine impact
energy in joules ( J ). ISO V-notched specimens shall be
used; their location in the test piece shall be such that the
longitudinal axis of the specimen is perpendicular to the di-
rection of the seam while the notch axis is at right angles to
the surface of the product (Fig. 2.4.5-1).
Depending on the test specification, the notch
shall be located either at the centre of the weld metal, on the
fusion line or in the heat-affected zone of the base metal at a
specified distance from the fusion line (Fig. 2.4.5-1). The test
shall be carried out at the specified test temperature. Where
the product thickness is < 10 mm, specimens measuring 7,5 x
10 mm and 5 x 10 mm shall be used wherever possible. For
these specimens the required impact energy in relation to the
standard 10 x 10 mm test specimen shall be as indicated in
the Table below 2.4.5-1.
Notch located on fusion line
(K
s
)
Notch located at centre of
weld metal (K
M
)
Notch located in heat-
affected zone (K
u
)
Figure 2.4.5-1
Locations of specimens for notched bar impact testing
Table 2.4.5-1
Impact energy for the specimen of reduced section
Cross section of specimen
(mm)
Mean impact energy value re-
quired, E
Standard specimen
10 x 10
E
Specimen of reduced
section
10 x 7,5
10 x 5
5/6 E
2/3 E
Where specimens are taken from only one side
of a double V-welds, they shall be taken from the side of the
seam which was welded last. The specimens shall be ma-
chined down to the dimensions shown in Fig. 2.4.5-2, and the
compliance with the specified tolerances shall be verified.
Dimensions Nominal size Tolerance
Length 55 mm 0,60 mm
Width 10 mm 0,11 mm
Height 10 mm 0,06 mm
Notch angle 45
o
2
o
Height from the notch bottom 8 mm 0,06 mm
Notch radius 0,25 mm 0,025 mm
Distance between centre of
notch and ends of specimen
27,5 mm 0,42 mm
Angle between plane of
symmetry of notch and lon-
gitudinal axis of specimen
90
o
2
o
Angle between adjacent lon-
gitudinal specimen surfaces
90
o
2
o
Figure 2.4.5-2
ISO V-notch specimen dimensions
2.4.6 Hardness tests of welds
(HRN EN 1043-1)
The hardness of welded joints shall be meas-
ured by Vickers hardness tester using the load of 49 or 98 N
(HV 5 or HV 10) on polished or etched specimens whose test
face is perpendicular to the weld axis. The choice of test load
depends on the test material grade. Positions of impressions
made by hardness tester are shown in Fig. 2.4.6-1.
PART 26
2009
hO = distance from the surface
hG = distance from the bottom
hW= distance of the impression location from root to
surface
Figure 2.4.6-1
Hardness testing - impression location
The impressions made by the hardness tester
shall be close enough to give an accurate hardness curve
(Fig. 2.4.6-2)
Vickers hardness sym-
bol
Distance between hardness test
impressions l (mm)
HV 5 0.7
HV 10 1
Figure 2.4.6-2
Location of hardness test impressions in the
heat-affected zone
2.4.7 Metallographic examinations
The macro and micro -structure shall be evalu-
ated by reference to polished sections.
Unless otherwise agreed, the polished surface
of the sections shall be perpendicular to the weld axis
(Fig. 2.4.6-1). The metallographic specimens shall be of such
dimensions (sizes) and so ground and etched that they reveal
nature and structure of the crystallisation of the weld metal
and the heat-affected zone as well as the structure of the base
material and in case of micrographs, the grain boundaries in
the area under examination. The report on testing shall con-
tain one photo of a macro metallographic specimen and three
photos of micro metallographic specimens ( weld metal, fu-
sion lines and heat-affected zone ), magnified at least 100:1.
2.4.8 Inspection report
Inspection report shall cover the following:
Type of inspection or test (e.g. welding
procedure test);
Dimensions and numbers of test pieces;
Base material;
Weld preparation;
Welding processes and positions;
Welding (and auxiliary) consumables/ ma-
terials (dimensions, quality);
Welding current source;
Welding current strength and voltage;
Post-weld heat treatment;
Test methods and shapes of specimens;
Test results.
The report shall be submitted to the Surveyor to
the Register (at least two copies).
The Surveyor shall confirm the correctness of
the results obtained by his stamp and signature.
PART 26
2009
3 WELDING IN THE VARIOUS
FIELDS OF APPLICATION
3.1 WELDING OF HULL STRUC-
TURES
3.1.1 General
The requirements of this Chapter apply to all
welding works carried out on the ships hull, superstructure
and deckhouses including the components forming part of the
ships structure (e.g. hatch covers, masts, deck cranes etc.) re-
ferred to in the Chapter 1.1.1 of these Rules.
3.1.2 Approval of shipyards and welding
shops
All shipyards and welding shops intended to
perform works on structures covered by these Rules under
supervision of the Register, shall comply with the require-
ments referred to in the Chapter 1.2 of these Rules and shall
be approved by the Register. Application for approval shall
be submitted to the Register before starting the welding and
shall contain information and documentation prescribed in
the Chapter 1.2 of these Rules.
3.1.3 Quality control
Shipyards and welding shops shall ensure
regular quality control during the manufacture. The welding
works shall be in compliance with these Rules, approved
workshop documentation and good welding practice.
3.1.4 Materials, weldability
Welded structures shall be fabricated only us-
ing base materials of proven weldability.
The welding of hull structural steels of quality
grades A, B, D and E tested by the Register may be per-
formed without preliminary verification. Welding of hull
structural steels of quality grades A32, A36, A40, D32, D36,
D40, E36, E40, F32, F36 and F40, tested by the Register
shall be verified before welding procedure. High-strength
steels, fine-grained structural steels, steels for low tempera-
tures and stainless steels shall be verified in combination with
welding process and welding consumables.
3.1.5 Welding consumables
All the welding consumables used for welding
the structures referred to in 3.1.1 shall be approved by the
Register in compliance with 1.5 of these Rules. Choice and
grades of welding consumables for hull structural steels shall
be in compliance with the Table 3.1.5.
The welding consumables may only be used in
the approved welding positions and in accordance with the
requirements and recommendations of the manufacturer.
Table 3.1.5
Choice of welding consumables for hull structural steels
Hull structural steel grades Grade of welding
consumables
A B D E A32/36 D32/36 E32/36 F32/36 A40 D40 E40 F40
1, 1S, 1T, 1M, 1TM, 1V X
1YS, 1YT, 1YM, 1YTM,
1YV
X
1)
X
2)3)
2, 2S, 2T, 2M, 2TM, 2V X X X
2Y, 2YS, 2YT, 2YM,
2YTM, 2YV
X X X X
3)
X
3)
2Y40, 2Y40S, 2Y40T,
2Y40M, 2Y40TM, 2Y40V
1) 1) 1)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
3, 3S, 3T, 3M, 3TM, 3V X X X X
3Y, 3S, 3YT, 3YM, 3YTM,
3YV
X X X X X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
3Y40, 3Y40S, 3Y40T,
3Y40M, 3Y40TM, 3Y40V
1) 1) 1) 1)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
4Y, 4YS, 4YT, 4YM,
4YTM, 4YV
X X X X X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
4Y40, 4Y40S, 4Y40T,
4Y40M, 4Y40TM, 4Y40V
1) 1) 1) 1)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
X
3)
Notes:
1
) Not to be used, if possible. Otherwise, only with the approval of the Register.
2
) For A32/36 welding consumables of quality grade 1Y may be used only when welding thinner plates (up to 25 mm).
3
) For plates over 50 to 70 mm thick, welding consumables and materials with one quality grade higher shall be used and for those
over 70 and up to 100 mm thick those with two quality grades higher shall be used in each case in compliance with the higher
base material requirements.
PART 26
2009
Table 3.1.6
Requirements applicable to hull structural steels
Impact energy
1)
(J)
Grade
(base material)
Yield strength
(yield metal)
[N/mm
2
]
Tensile
strength
[N/mm
2
]
Elongation
(weld metal
L
o
= 5 d
o
)
[%]
manual and
semi-autom.
automatic Temp.
[
o
C]
Bending angle
(D = 4t)
A/B + 20
D 0
E
305 400 22 47 34
- 20
180
o
A32 + 20
D32 0
E32 - 20
F32
335 440 22 47 34
- 40
180
o
A36 + 20
D36 0
E36 - 20
F36
375 490 22 47 34
- 40
180
o
A40 + 20
D40 0
E40 - 20
F40
400 510 22 47 34
- 40
180
o
Note:
1
) Notch on ISO-V notch test piece is in the middle of the weld metal. Average value of three test pieces as well as individual
value shall not be less than 33J i.e. 24 J.
3.1.6 Welding processes and welding proce-
dure tests
Welding processes shall, regularly, be tested by
the Register in compliance with 1.4.
The requirements to which the welded joints of
the hull structural steels shall be complied with are shown in
the Table 3.1.6.
3.1.7 Welding of clad steels
Edge preparation of the welded joint shall be in
accordance with the standards or drawings approved by the
Register. Edges shall be machined or ground. The edges of
parts to be assembled shall fit each other closely and shall not
be out of alignment on the clad surface. Corrosion resistance
and the thickness of the clad side shall be equal to that of the
clad material. The chemical composition of weld metal, ex-
cept of that in the root size, shall correspond to that of clad
material.
As a rule, the plate surface opposite to the clad
surface shall be welded first and than on the clad side. The
non clad side shall be welded so that no melting of the clad-
ding layer is likely to occur. Prior to welding on the clad side,
the root of the unalloyed weld shall be cleaned to sound
metal by machining or grinding and given a concave shape.
For a back sealing run the same welding consumables shall
be used as for welding the cladding layer. The cladding layer
shall be welded so as to reduce the interpenetration of alloyed
and unalloyed materials to a minimum. For welding the clad-
ding layer, welding electrodes and wires of the smallest pos-
sible diameter shall be used.
The welding shall be carried out at the lowest
possible rate of energy input. The weld on the clad face shall
be made at least two layers. Transverse weawing of the elec-
trode in welding the cladding layer shall not be permitted.
Where the top layer width is such that it should be deposited
in several runs, the last run shall be made along the middle of
the weld. When the two-side welding of clad steel pipes is
not possible, the entire joint shall be welded by welding con-
sumables appropriate for the cladding material.
Thin steel plates shall be welded by welding
consumables appropriate for the cladding material.
3.1.8 Welding of castings and forgings
Steel castings and forgings regardless of the
ambient temperature, shall be pre-heated or subjected to other
technological measures prior to welding, to ensure the re-
quired quality of welding. The defects in the new steel forg-
ings and castings may be rectified by welding only in case
the weldability of the steel concerned has been previously
checked with due regard to the special conditions of the cast
or forged element.
The repair shall be carried out prior to the final
heat treatment. Welding after the final heat treatment shall be
permitted only exceptionally. The repair of castings and
forgings by welding shall not be permitted if the same defects
appear repeatedly. The welding of defects in castings shall be
carried out after sprues and heads have been removed and the
castings thoroughly cleaned of sand, scale and inclusions.
The surfaces to be repaired shall be ground to sound metal so
as to ensure the full penetration throughout the welded area.
The surfaces to be welded shall be horizontal and shall be
without sharp corners.
PART 26
2009
The normal strength hull structural steels do not
require preheating. However, with large cross sections (e.g.
steel castings or forgings where unfavourable conditions re-
garding design or welding technology apply, uniform pre-
liminary heating of the areas surrounding the welded joints is
advisable. Higher strength hull structural steels shall gener-
ally be preheated if the temperature of the workpiece is less
than 5
o
C.
If it is higher than this, preheating shall be car-
ried out upwards of a specific threshold wall thickness with
respect to other factors referred to in Table 3.1.9.
For an average carbon equivalent and an aver-
age heat input (energy applied per unit length of weld) the
wall thickness t and preheating temperature T shown in Fig.
3.1.9 may be used as a guide.
Table 3.1.9
Influence of various factors on the preheating temperature
Lower preheating temperature Factors influencing preheating Raised preheating temperature
Low-alloyed steels Chemical composition (hardening properties) of the base
material, e.g. expressed by the carbon equivalent.
higher-alloyed steels
small Thickness of workpiece (heat dissipation, rigidity,
state of residual stresses)
large
Butt welded joints (uniting two
plates) thick (multiplepass) seam
Type of joint, shape and dimensions of weld, heat input,
heat dissipation
T-joints(uniting three plates), thin
(single-pass) seams
high Ambient temperature, temperature of workpiece (heat
dissipation)
low
high Heat input during welding (energy applied per unit
length of weld)
low
low Hydrogen content of weld metal (type and re-baking of
welding consumables and auxiliary materials)
high
3.1.9 Preheating
Necessity and degree of preheating shall be in
accordance with Table 3.1.9.
Figure 3.1.9
Wall thickness and preheating temperatures for higher-
strength hull structural steels (guide values)
Preheating shall be applied uniformly through-
out the thickness of the plate and to a distance four times the
plate thickness, but not more than 100 mm on both sides of
the weld. Localized preheating shall not be permitted. The
preheating temperature shall be kept constant throughout the
duration of the welding work.
3.1.10 Welding of aluminium and its alloys
The welding operations on aluminium and on
its alloys referred to in 1.1.1. shall be performed by certified
welders approved by the Register.
Welding consumables and the welding proce-
dure applied shall be approved by the Register and the weld-
ers shall be qualified. The welding operations shall be so per-
formed as to ensure a good quality joint, its maximum
strength, chemical composition similar to that of the base
metal and the sufficient corrosion resistance. Edge prepara-
tion prior to welding shall be carried out in compliance with
the standards or technical documentation approved by the
Register. The joints shall be arranged so as to make it possi-
ble to weld them in the most convenient position. Intermittent
fillet welds shall not be permitted. Where scalloped con-
structions are concerned, the welding shall be performed
round the ends of all lugs.
The reinforcement of edges shall be removed
only if stated in the drawings. Just before welding, the joint
edges of aluminium and aluminium shall be degreased and
cleaned from dirt by steel wire brush. In case of multirun
welding, each run of deposit shall be brushed before the next
run is applied. The welding of wires and rods of aluminium
and its alloys shall be degreased, cleaned from dirt and oxide
film. The welding of aluminium alloys by means of remain-
ing or removable backing shall be permitted. The removable
backings may be made of structural steel, copper or stainless
steel. The backings that are not removed shall be made of al-
loy of the same kind as that used for the parts to be welded.
In case of the double-sided welding prior to
welding of the reverse side, the root of the weld shall be
cleaned to the sound metal. In way of riveted structures made
of aluminium alloys, all major welding operations shall be
completed before riveting.
non-hydrogen controlled weld metal
low-hydrogen weld metal
TMsteel, low-hydrogen weld metal
PART 26
2009
Welded joints shall have no machining or
painting whatsoever when submitted for acceptance. Appli-
cation of non-destructive methods other than radiography
shall be specially considered by the Register.
The requirements to which the welded joints of
aluminium alloys shall be complied with are shown in Table
3.1.10.
Table 3.1.10
Requirements applicable to aluminium alloys
Base material Welded joints
1)
Numerical Chemical symbol
Tensile strength
[N/mm
2
]
Bending angle
2)
5754 Al Mg 3 190
5086 Al Mg 4 240
5083 Al Mg 4,5 Mn 0,7 275
5383 Al Mg 4,5 Mn 0,7 mod 290
6005A Al Si Mg (A) 165
6061 Al Mg Si 1 Cu 155
180
o
6082 Al Si 1 Mg Mn 170
1
) Using a weld consumable of a quality grade in accordance with 1.5.8.1
2
) Bending mandrel diameter to be selected in accordance with 1.5.8.3
3.1.11 Inspection of welding and welded joints
3.1.11.1 Inspection of welding operations and welded
joints during manufacture and repairs of structures and com-
ponents shall be performed through the inspection authorities
of the working organizations. The inspection results shall be
registered by the working organization and filed until the
commissioning of the item and shall be submitted to the Sur-
veyor to the Register on his request, for supervision. When
necessary, the working organization shall perform the fol-
lowing tests of welded joints:
1. tightness test;
2. strength test;
3. non-destructive testing.
The method of these testing shall comply with
the requirements of the relevant Parts of the Rules, or with
standards approved by the Register. The welds shall be ex-
amined by the following non-destructive methods:
visual inspection;
radiographic examination;
ultrasonic examination;
magnetic particle examination;
liquid penetrant examination.
Other methods may be applied on agreement
with the Register. Personnel performing the non-destructive
testing methods shall be specially qualified and their qualifi-
cations shall be confirmed by the competent authorities (in
accordance with the recommendations of the Croatian Asso-
ciation for Non-destructive testing).
At request of the Surveyor, the additional num-
ber of welded joints may be examined.
3.1.11.2 The number of radiographs at radiographic ex-
amination or controlled weld lengths at the ultrasonic exami-
nation of welded joints in hull structures referred to in
3.1.11.3 shall be determined by the formula:
,
,
L
n
5 0 100
=

where:
n = number of the controlled weld
lengths,
L = total length of welded joints, m;
0,5 = controlled weld length, m;
= ratio of the controlled weld lengths
and total weld lengths in percentage
(in accordance with Fig. 3.1.11.3).
Where the controlled weld length is less than
0,5 m, the real value of controlled weld length shall be sub-
stituted in the formula. The working organization shall de-
termine the percentage of weld defects, once every six
months at least, on the basis of the examination results and
shall report these data to the Register. The percentage of de-
fects K shall be determined by the formula:
L
K
100
=
l
,
where:
l = total length of welds found defective
during the examination, m.
L = total weld length controlled, m
If the percentage of defects is more than 5 per-
cent, Register reserves the right to require, for every percent
of rejected welds exceeding 5 percent, an increase in the
number of the controlled weld lengths by 10 percent. The
number of controlled weld lengths may be reduced if the
Register finds the general standard of welding operations
satisfactory. The sections of welded joints where the major
defects are found shall be cut and re-welded. Rectified sec-
tions shall be re-tested and the testing results reported to the
Register.
3.1.11.3 Number of welded joints to be subjected to a
non-destructive examination shall comply with the approved
scheme and their positions on the relevant object shall be de-
termined by the manufacturers quality control in agreement
with the Register after welding operations are complied with.
In addition to the number of controlled weld lengths in ac-
cordance with the diagram 3.1.11.3 and Table 3.1.11.3, the
following welded joints shall be controlled:
PART 26
2009
Table 3.1.11.3
Location of welded
joints to be examined
Percentage of the total
number of controlled
weld lengths
Note
Strength deck
(deck plating)
20 See note
Bottom plating,
including bilge strake
20 See note
Side plating 10 See note
Hatch coamings and
second deck girders
20
Hatch coamings and
strength deck girders
10
Watertight bulkhead
plating
10
Stern frame 5
See
3.1.11.3.5
Double bottom plating
and other parts of hull
structure subjected to
high loads
5
Note:
2/3 of the total number of controlled weld lengths shall
be of butt transverse welds and 1/3 of butt longitudinal
welds.
.1 those lying amidship (according to the
Rules, Part 2 - Hull) but not closer than
0,4 L on the longitudinal and transversal
seams of the strength and second deck
plating at hatchway corners at points ad-
joining the coaming, but not less than one
controlled weld length per seam;
.2 butts on thickened stringer plates of the
upper deck at the ends of superstructures,
but not less than one controlled weld
length per butt,
.3 butts of the sheerstrake lying amidship,
but not less than one controlled weld
length per butt,
.4 mounted butt weld joints of hull members
lying amidships at least;
one controlled weld length for every 5
butts of longitudinal framing mem-
bers,
one controlled weld length for 10
butts of transverse framing members.
5. joints of stern, sternframe and ice belt of
ship with 1 AS, 1 A, 1 B, 1C and 1D ice
category and icebreakers, the number of
weld length shall be agreed with the Reg-
ister.
6. T-joints between deck stringer plate and
sheerstrake, examination is required for
20 percent of the length of welds,
.7 when welding into a rigid contour is car-
ried out, the welded joints shall be con-
trolled along whole length.
Besides, the welded joints of all structures ex-
posed to heavy loads such as cargo masts and posts, cantile-
ver beams etc. shall be also subject to control. When the
quality grade of weld is not achieved, two additional lengths
of the same weld shall be controlled at another two places.
Should these lengths reveal any defects, further control shall
be undertaken along the same weld in both directions until
satisfactory results are obtained.
Where conversion or repair is concerned, the
number of controlled weld lengths shall be determined by the
Register depending on the extent of the welding operations as
well as on the class of structure.
3.1.11.4 The evaluation category of welded joints of
ships hull is specified in 2.3.7 of the Rules.
Diagram of the part of welded joints to be controlled
The total length of welded joints, L, m
Figure 3.1.11.3
PART 26
2009
3.2 WELDING OF STEAM BOILERS
AND PRESSURE VESSELS
3.2.1 General
The requirements of this Chapter apply to the
welding of steam boilers and pressure vessels manufactured
from base metal and welding consumables which comply
with the requirements of the present part of the Rules as well
as with those of the Part 25 - Metallic Materials.
3.2.2 Execution of welded joints
Welded joints of boilers shall be so marked as
to make it possible to identify the operator (welder) who has
performed the welding. Longitudinal and transversal welds of
boiler shells shall be performed by full penetration welding,
except where the welding coefficient of the welded joint in
accordance with the Rules, Part 10 - Boilers, Heat Exchang-
ers and Pressure Vessels, paragraph 2.1.5.1, is adopted to be
0,8. Longitudinal and transversal joints of boiler shells as
well as those of pressure vessels shall be butt welded. If butt
welding cannot be applied, the type of weld and the welding
procedure shall be specially considered by the Register in
each particular case. Any welding of fastenings, catches and
similar components for erecting purposes on the boiler shell,
shall be considered by the Register in each particular case.
When the openings in boilers are closed up by means of
plugs fixed by welding the requirements of standards ap-
proved by the Register shall be complied with.
Worn-out shell plates of boilers and pressure
vessels can be repaired by building-up only on agreement
with the Register.
The built-up area shall not exceed 500 cm
2
and
its depth shall not be over 30 per cent of the plate thickness.
If these conditions cannot be fulfilled, the defect area shall be
repaired by inserting a new plate.
3.2.3 Heat treatment
Heat treatment of boilers and pressure vessels
shall be carried out in compliance with the standards or in-
formation of the base material manufacturer. Welded joints
which are oversized or which are of special design and can-
not be subjected to stress relief heat treatment as a whole ,
shall be heat treated partly in agreement with the Register.
Such heat treatment shall be performed by uniform heating
along the welded joint (see 2.2.3.2). Oxyacetylene heat
treatment shall not be permitted to be applied locally.
3.2.4 Inspection of welded joints
The mechanical properties and macrostructure
of the welded joints when manufacturing boilers, heat ex-
changers and pressure vessels classified in accordance with
the Rules, Part 10 - Boilers, Heat Exchangers and Pressure
Vessels, paragraph 1.3.1.2., shall be examined within the
following extent:
1. Boilers and pressure vessels of class I
In case of the individual and serial pro-
duction, each longitudinal joint for each
plate thickness shall be tested. Transver-
sal joint shall be tested only in case the
welding procedure is substantially differ-
ent from that applied to the longitudinal
joint or when a pressure vessel is manu-
factured with a transverse joint only.
In case of serial production of pressure
vessels which are welded solely applying
a transverse joint, one test assembly shall
be prepared for each 30 m of joint length.
Welded joint on a separately prepared test
assembly shall be as equivalent as possi-
ble to the transverse joint on the vessel.
2. Boilers and pressure vessels of class II
In case of the individual production, each
longitudinal joint for each plate thickness
shall be tested.
In case of serial production, one test as-
sembly shall be prepared for each 40 m of
the longitudinal and transverse joint
length.
3. Pressure vessels of class III
In case of individual production, one test
assembly shall be prepared and in serial
production for each 40 m of the longitu-
dinal and transversal joint length, one test
assembly shall be prepared.
Test assemblies shall be attached to the longi-
tudinal joint of a boiler or pressure vessel so that the test plate
joint to be welded is a continuation of the joint of the relevant
part. The test assembly shall be manufactured from the same
plate as that of the boiler shell or the relevant pressure vessel,
and the welding procedure shall be the same as employed in
the welding of the boiler or pressure vessel joint. Dimensions
of test assembly shall be sufficient to enable the preparing of
test pieces as well as the re-tests. Prior to heat treatment, test
assembly shall be straightened. For that purpose, it may be
heated to the temperature which is lower than that for heat
treatment. Test assemblies shall be heat treated simultane-
ously in the same furnace integral with the items to which
they belong. They are separated from the boiler shell after
being marked by the Register. A test assembly thus prepared
shall provide:
Class I
one transverse tensile test specimen;
two transverse bend test specimens (one
with the face of the weld in tension, the
other with the root of the weld in tension);
three impact test specimens.
The longitudinal axis of the test specimen shall
be perpendicular to the weld and shall run through the middle
of the plate parallel with its surface. The notch in the test
specimen shall be perpendicular to the plate surface nearly to
the middle of the weld.
Class II
one transverse tensile test specimen,
one transverse bend test specimen (the root
of the weld in tension)
Class III
one transverse tensile test specimen.
But welded joints of boilers, heat exchangers
and pressure vessels shall be examined by one of the non-
destructive methods to the extent referred to in the Table
PART 26
2009
3.2.4, depending on the class of construction (see 1.3.1.2,
Part 10 , Boilers, Heat Exchangers and Pressure Vessels).
Table 3.2.4
Length of tested welds, in per cent,
compared to total weld length
Class
Longitudinal
welds
Transverse
welds
I 100 50
II 25
III On agreement with the Register
The evaluation category of welded joints of
boilers and pressure vessels is specified in 2.3.7 of the Rules.
3.3 WELDING OF PIPELINES
3.3.1 General
The type of welded joints in pipes shall be in
compliance with the standards.
The butt welded joints of pipes shall be carried
out with full root penetration. Welding with the removable
backing rings shall be permitted. The use of remaining back-
ing rings in butt welds of pipelines shall be permitted only
where these rings do not adversely affect the performance.
Butt joints of flanges with pipes shall not be carried out with
the remaining backing rings.
Welded joints of pipes shall be heat treated in
the following cases:
1. in pipes of low-alloy steel;
2. in case of welding of main steam pipe-
lines at temperature above 350
o
C
The welded joints of piping depending on the
class indicated in Table 1.2.2, Part 8, Piping, shall be ra-
diographed to the extent as stated below:
Class I piping with the outer diameter of
pipe 75 mm-100% butt joints;
Class I piping with the outer diameter of
pipe < 75 mm-10% of butt joints;
Class II piping with the outer diameter of
pipe 100 mm -10% of butt joints;
Class II piping with the outer diameter of
pipe < 100 mm -random check of butt
joints.
When 10% of the butt joints are radiographed,
not less than one joint from the total number made by a par-
ticular welder shall be controlled.
If required by the Register, the scope of testing
may be extended depending on the type of material or weld-
ing procedure.
The Class III piping shall be examined visually
but the Register may require a random check of welds by ra-
diography.
Where, for technical reasons, the Class I and II
piping cannot be radiographed, the Register may permit other
methods of examination.
In some cases, the ultrasonic examination may
be applied instead of radiography.
For controlling fillet welds of Class I and II
piping, magnetic particle method may be applied on agree-
ment with the Register, depending on the type of material,
thickness, outer diameter and on the composition of the
working medium.
In the case of automatic and semi-automatic
welding of pipes, or in the case of serial production of pipes,
the scope of radiographic examination may be reduced on
The acceptance criteria of welded piping are
specified in 2.3.7 of these Rules.
The repair of pipeline damaged areas by weld-
ing in each case shall be subject to special consideration of
the Register.
3.4 WELDING OF MACHINERY
COMPONENTS
3.4.1 General
The requirements of this Chapter apply to the
welding of the ship machinery structures manufactured from
base materials and welding consumables which comply with
the requirements of the present Part of the Rules as well as
with the Part 25 - Metallic Materials. The structures may
also be manufactured from the equivalent material if agreed
with the Register.
The welded joints in structures exposed to dy-
namic loads shall be welded with full penetration. The transi-
tion from the base metal to the weld shall be smooth. Where
the structure is intended to operate at high temperature or in a
chemically aggressive medium, these conditions shall be
taken into account when selecting the welding consumables.
The application of welding to shafting and
crank shafts shall be specially considered by the Register in
each particular case. Conditions to be fulfilled shall be as
follows:
100 per cent of testing shall be carried out
by one of non-destructive methods;
the fatigue strength of welded joint adopted
in calculation shall be guaranteed.
Scope of test welding as well as the test pro-
gram prior to welding procedure shall be agreed with the
Register. The application of welding, building-up, metal pul-
verisation and other similar methods, when manufacturing or
repairing ship machinery items, may be permitted in case the
testing results are satisfactory in accordance with the method
approved by the Register and provided that such a method
proves that it may be applied successfully with a particular
workshop.
Ships shafts of carbon steel, up to 0,45 per cent
carbon content, which have been worn out or have surface
PART 26
2009
cracks may be repaired by building-up provided that the ex-
tent of wear or the depth of a cracking does not exceed 5 per
cent of shaft diameter, but not over 15 mm. The building-up
shall be performed according to the procedure agreed with
the Register. Welding may be performed in areas of compo-
nents where cold forming has been carried out, including the
adjoining surfaces over width of 5 times the plate thickness t,
provided that the requirements specified in Table 3.4.2 are
complied with.
The evaluation category of welded piping is
specified in 2.3.7 of the Rules.
Scope of examination of constructions which
are not listed in 3.1 up to 3.4 with non destructive methods,
shall be agreed with the Register.
Table 3.4.2
Requirements for welding in areas subjected to cold forming
Ratio r/t
Elongation,
[%]
Acceptable plate thickness, t
[mm]
10 < 5 any
3,0 14 24
2 20 12
1,5 25 8
1,0 33 8
PART 26 - APPENDIX I
2009
APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
OF SHIPYARD / WELDING SHOP TO
PERFORM WELDING WORKS IN SHIPBUILDING AND THE MACHINERY
COMPONENTS THEREOF
In accordance with the Rules of the Croatian Register of Shipping, Part 26-Welding,
we Company:
Address:
hereby make application to the CRS for approval together with following documents:
Nature of the approval sought
Approval for
shipyard/welding shop
Extension
1. Application from shipyard/welding shop
2. Description of shipyard/welding shop in accordance with Appendix II
1)
3.
"Range of application" appendix(es) to description of shipyard/welding
shop
1)
4. Proof of qualifications for welding supervisor(s)
1)
5. List of qualified welders
1)
6. Descriptions of welding procedures (WPS)
1)
7. List of qualified welding procedures
1)
8. List of inspection (supervising) personnel
1)
9. Other proofs, approvals (e.g. proof of compliance with the quality re-
quirements:
1)
- in accordance with HRN EN ISO 3834-2, or
1)
- in accordance with HRN EN ISO 3834-3 or
1)
- in accordance with HRN EN ISO 3834-4
1)
Note:
1
) Only if changes have been made since first approval.
Place, Date Applicant
PART 26 - APPENDIX II
2009
DESCRIPTION OF SHIPYARD/WORKSHOP FOR APPROVAL
TO PERFORM WELDING WORKS IN
SHIPBUILDING AND THE MACHINERY COMPONENTS THEREOF
SHIPYARD/
WORKSHOP
Address:
Telephone: Fax: e-mail:
Responsible person:
Range of welding work:
1. WELDING PERSONNEL
1.1 Supervisor(s)
(welding engineer, welding technician, foreman)
1.2 qualified welders
a) Certificates and records, renewal, withdrawal
b) Welders file
c) Intervals and shop control of welders
d) Welders activities to Certificate
e) Welders marks
f) Promotion of welders, new welders
g) Supervision of the welders performance
h) Existing number of welders
2. WELDING CONSUMABLES
2.1 Warehouse
a) Records (input-output)
b) Drying
c) Dispatch
2.2 Type of welding consumables
3. BASE MATERIALS, (PLATES, PROFILES, PIPES)
3.1 Warehouse
a) Records
b) Marking
3.2 Grade of material
PART 26 - APPENDIX II
2009
4. WELDING EQUIPMENT
4.1 Electric sources
a) Types (prospectus)
b) Records (file of sources)
c) Maintenance (with respect to the Protection at Work Requirements and technological performance properties)
d) Number of existing electrical sources
4.2 Welding equipment
a) Control units for MIG/MAG, TIG, plasma, SMAW
4.3 Welding jigs
a) Positioners
b) Turnovers
c) Other
5. PERFORMED WELDING PROCEDURES AND WELDERS QUALIFICATION TESTS
5.1 Performed welding procedure qualification tests
5.2 Performed welders qualification tests
6. SUPERVISION AND CONTROL
6.1 Organisational scheme and control position
6.2 Non-destructive examination of welds (internal)
6.3 Qualifications of supervising personnel
6.4 Non-destructive examination of welds (external)
7. DOCUMENTATION
7.1 Workshop documentation and its review from the technological point of view
7.2 Technological instructions (instruction sheets) for integral welding
7.3 Scope and method of welded joints examination
8. MISCELLANEOUS
8.1 Heat treatment (equipment)
8.2 Protection at work with respect to welding
9. REFERENCES
Welding supervisor:
Place, date, Name

Rules For The Classification of Ships, Pt. 26, 2009

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Rules For The Classification of Ships, Pt. 26, 2009

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