Locomotion Locomotion is the ability to move from one place to another in search of food, shelter, mating, etc. The cells of human body exhibit amoeboid, ciliary, and muscular types of movements. 1. Amoeboid movement Example: leucocytes present in the blood 2. Ciliary movement Example: passage of ova through fallopian tube 3. Muscular movement Example: movement of limbs, jaws, and tongue. Movement in Other Animals Hydra it shows movement with the help of its tentacles. In looping movement it bends and touches the surface with its tentacles. After that foot also looses its hold and in this way hydra moves forth. In somersaulting movement the hydra takes a somersault to move forth. Earthworm - It moves by alternate extension and contraction of the body using muscles. It has bristles connected to muscles that help in gripping the ground. Snail - It moves with the help of a muscular foot. Cockroach - It has distinct muscles for moving and also has two pairs of wings. Birds - The bones of hind limbs are used for walking and perching and the bones of forelimbs are modified as wings. Fish - It has streamlined body shape, fins, and tail that help in movement. Snake - It slithers on ground by looping sideways. The bones and muscles help in movement. Skeletal System The human skeleton is made up of bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilages. The human skeleton consists of skull, rib cage, backbone, shoulder bones, and pelvic bones. It protects many internal organs and also gives shape to the body and helps in its movement. Tendons connect muscles to the bones Ligaments hold two bones together at joints Cartilage found wherever two bones come together and prevent their rubbing together.
Movement Alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles helps in the movement of bones. The muscles work in pairs to move a bone. There are different types of joints in our body that help in movement. Joints The places where two parts of our body seem to be joined are known as joints. For example, elbow, shoulder, neck, etc. Types of Joints Ball and Socket Joint 1. This joint allows movement in all directions. 2. Example - shoulder joint Pivotal Joint 1. This joint allows only forward and backward movement. 2. Example - neck joint Hinge Joint 1. This joint allows only back and forth movement. 2. Example - knee joint Fixed Joint 1. The bones at this joint cannot move. 2. Example - skull joint Movement in Plants Plants show tropic movement and nastic movement. In tropic movement plant either moves towards or away from the stimulus. The movement could be phototropic (towards/away from light), geotropism (gravity stimulated), thigmotropism (touch stimulated) or hydrotropism (moisture stimulated) Nastic movements occur in response to environment stimulus but they are different from the tropic movements since the direction of response is not dependent on the direction of stimulus.
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