Murmansk, 15 May 2012 Jostein Pettersen Outline Gas/liquid separation equipment Absorbers, columns, towers Heat exchangers Shell and tube Kettle Plate and frame Air cooled Special cryogenic exchangers Compressors Centrifugal Axial 2012-02-29 2 Gas/liquid separation equipmenmt Compressor suction drums Phase separators Reflux drums Gas scrubbers 2012-02-29 3 Source: Amistco Separation equipment 2012-02-29 4 Aker Separation equipment - internals Absorption column (Acid gas removal) Sources: SULZER, hyper-tvt.ethz.ch Upward vapour flow with reduced concentration Mass transfer Absorption Diffusion Downward amine film flow with increased concentration Reaction Mass transport Surface area Structured Packing Contactor Increase contact area Increased efficiency Reduced flooding and pressure drop Reduce height, diameter and weight Typical contactor Rich amine outlet Lean Amine inlet Gas inlet Gas outlet Demister Liquid distributo r Packing material Chimney tray Support grid Chimney tray outlet Source: SULZER Vane distributor Source: DOW Chemicals Absorbers 2012-02-29 9 Source: SULZER Scrub column for LPG extraction Fractionation train 2012-02-29 10 Fractionation tower 2012-02-29 11 Shell and tube exchangers TEMA classification Extensive experience Several design programs available ASPEN (HTFS-TASC) HTRI Important issue: Flow induced vibration www.amerindustrial.com Shell and tube exchangers Compressor intercoolers Compressor aftercoolers Desuperheater Subcooler Feedgas cooler 2012-02-29 13 www.chrisexeter.en.made-in-china.com Cross flow condensation (Propane condenser) Source : knowledgepublications.com Kettle re-boiler as process cooler Source wermac.org Source ASPENTECH 16 Kettle type heat exchanger Shell and tube exchanger with separator function Flooded Tube bundle submerged in boiling liquid Propane kettle exchangers in LNG plant 4 pressure levels 17 18 Core in kettle 1:Hot stream inlet 2: Hot stream inlet connection through shell and into PFHE core 3: PFHE core 4: Hot stream pipe from outlet of core 5: Hot stream outlet connection through shell 6: Hot stream outlet 8: Refrigerant inlet to shell 9: Shell side liquid level 10: Liquid/vapour separation space 11: Vapour outlet nozzle 12: Manway (Typically 20-30 inch) Source: Chart Energy and Chemicals, Inc. Tube bundle replaced by plate fin heat exchanger core Compact and efficient geometry Classificati on: Internal 2010-11-01 Air cooled exchangers 20 Air cooled condensers Plate and frame exchanger Source: Alfa Laval 22 Cryogenic Heat Exchangers Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers Spiral-Wound Heat Exchangers 23 Spiral Wound Heat Exchanger (SWHE) Picture showing Snhvit subcooler Specialized proprietary type of heat exchanger Large capacity in one unit Reasonably robust, and well proven in gas liquefaction 24 Spiral Wound LNG Heat Exchanger (Linde) Spiral wound exchanger (Air Products) 2012-02-29 25 26 Plate fin (PFHE) Stack of plain and folded plates Brazed in vacuum furnace Compact, multi stream capability Pressures up to ca 120 bar Exposed to thermal stress Needs clean fluids C a
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m Fin height 5-10 mm 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Block or Core Header Nozzle Width Stacking height Length Passage outlet Cover sheet Parting sheet Heat transfer fin Distribution fin Side bar End bar 28 Centrifugal compressor Horizontally split casing Source: GE Source: Siemens 29 Centrifugal compressor Barrel type casing 2012-02-29 30 Centrifugal compressors (GE) 2012-02-29 31 Axial compressor (GE) 2012-02-29 32 Normal boiling points: Propane: - 42.1 o C Ethane: - 88.7 o C Methane: -161.6 o C Nitrogen: -195.9 o C 2012-02-29 33 LNG Plant Equipment Jostein Pettersen Advisor LNG Technology jospet@statoil.com Tel: +4790952718 www.statoil.com 2012-02-29 34