EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS

1. Sets of evaporating dishes: dishes of 100 ml capacity made of porcelain,

platinum or high silica glass and apparatus.










2. Muffle furnace for operating at 500
0
C + 50
0
C



















3. Desiccator









4. Vacuum pump









5. 10 ml pipette













6. Oven operating at the temperature 180
0
C










7. Analytical balance




















PROCEDURES
A. Total solid test
Weight of 2 evaporating disc are measured, one is for sample A and one for sample B. then 5 ml
water sample is putted into each evaporating disc and weight of evaporating disc with water sample
for each are measured. After that, put the sample A and B into oven in temperature 103C for 45
minutes. After 45 minutes, the sample are taking out from the oven and cooling it into desiccator for
10 15 minutes. After it cooled, weights of each sample are measured again.

B. Total suspended solids (TSS)
Mass of 2 dry filters paper is measured by put it into evaporating disc. First of filter as a sample A
and the second filter paper as sample B. then one of the filter paper are insert into the base on
funnel and clamp it. 5 ml water sample are pipette into the filter paper. After that, mass of filter
paper with evaporating disc are measured and dry it into the oven on 103C for 15 minutes. After 15
minutes, evaporating disc are cooling in desiccator for 10 15 minutes, then mass of filter paper
with evaporating disc are measured and total suspended solid for sample can be measured. The
same step applies to the sample B.

C. Total dissolved solids (TDS)
Balanced of water sample from filtering process to find suspended solids are make as a sample for
define total dissolved solids in water sample. Before that, take 2 evaporating disc and measured the
weight. One of evaporating disc is for sample A and second is for sample B. put the balanced water
into evaporating disc and measured the weight of the evaporating disc with sample. Then put the
evaporating disc into oven for 15 minute in temperature 103C or until water sample in evaporating
disc are dry. After 15 minute, take out the evaporating disc and cooling it in desiccator for 10 15
minutes. Then weight of the evaporating disc is measured. The same step applies to the sample B.


D. Total volatile solids
The residue from sample A and B are ignited at 500C 50 C for 15 minutes in muffle furnace. After
that, cooling it into desiccator for 10 15 minutes. Then weights of samples are measured.
Whichever is less were repeated and then stored in desiccator until needed.