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". Opera
#. Play
$. Circus
%. Ballet
&. Conservatoire
'. Puppet show
(. Musical
). Rock music
* The introduction of wild animals to the performance dates from about 1!1" when the #rench trainer $enri
Martin performed with his lions" elephant" and other animals at the Cir%ue Olympi%ue in Paris. $e was
soon followed by the &merican trainer 'saac &. (an &mbur)h" reputedly the first man to stick his head
into a lion*s mouth" who in 1! took his act to +n)land and so fascinated the youn) ,ueen (ictoria that
she commissioned the artist +dwin -andseer to paint a portrait of the brave &merican with his .bi) cats...
2 't is one of the world*s most presti)ious dance competitions" open to both male and female dancers of all
countries" and much like the Olympic /ames in purpose. 't was first held in Bul)aria in 0uly 1123. The
competitions were or)ani4ed by the Bul)arian Ministry of Culture to sponsor a dance event of international
interest" creatin) opportunities for dancers" choreo)raphers" directors" and teachers to demonstrate and
e5chan)e skills. #ollowin) the ori)inal competitions the ne5t were held in 1126" 1122" 112" and every
two years thereafter.
3 Britain*s worldwide influence in music in the second half of the 78th century" especially in the area of
popular music" is enormous. 9uch )roups and sin)ers as the Beatles" the Rollin) 9tones" The :ho" +lton
0ohn" and 9tin) are famous all over the world. The British people are of opinion that pop and rock music
remain the most popular kinds of music in Britain" althou)h ;a44 also has a lar)e followin).
+ Throu)hout the world the name Sha!"#!a$! is associated with the )reatest achievements of +n)land in the
performin) arts. <nfortunately" we have va)ue facts about 9hakespeare*s life. $e apparently arrived in
-ondon about 16 and by 1617 had attained success as an actor and a playwri)ht.
, The )enre had taken a new turn with the production in 117= of 9how Boat> it was the first musical to
provide a cohesive plot and initiate the use of music that was inte)ral to the narrative" a practice that took
hold until the 1138s. Based on a novel by +dna #erber" the performance presented a serious drama based
on &merican themes incorporatin) music that was derived from &merican folk melodies and spirituals.
- .Chinese shadows." the +uropean version of the Chinese shadow?puppet show" was introduced in +urope
in the mid?1th century by returnin) travelers. 9oon adopted by #rench and +n)lish showmen" the form
)ained prominence in the shows of the #rench puppeteer @omini%ue 9eraphin" who presented the first
popular performance in Paris in 1==2. 'n 1=1 he moved his show to (ersailles" where he entertained the
#rench court" and three years later he established a hi)hly successful puppet theatre in Paris.
. &lthou)h sta)e plays have been set to music since the era of the ancient /reeks" when the dramas of
9ophocles and &eschylus were accompanied by lyres and flutes" the usually accepted date for the
be)innin) of opera as we know it is 1288. &s part of the celebration of the marria)e of Ain) $enry '( of
#rance to the 'talian aristocrat Maria de Medici" the #lorentine composer 0acopo Peri produced his famous
+uridice" )enerally considered to be the first opera.
1 7 ! 3 6 2 =
#3 %&' & 1-6 '( & A-G.
A-G . %& .
Music is part of virtually every culture on +arth" but it varies widely amon) cultures in style and structure. Many
people feel that * BBBB. 't )ives us pleasure" soothes" e5cites" or cheers us up. Music can be happy" sad" romantic"
sleepy" spine?tin)lin)" healin) C all kinds of thin)s. But what is itD 9ome people define it 2 BBBB. Our ears interpret
these sounds as loud or soft" hi)h or low" rapid and short" or slow and smooth. The sounds need to continue for a
time in some sort of pattern to become music. Music" like lan)ua)e" is a uni%uely human form of communication
with well?developed rules of construction much like )rammar. Most ancient /reek philosophers believed that listenin)
to music based on positive modes in use at the time was beneficial to the development of a youn) person*s
character" and warned a)ainst listenin) to music based on certain other modes 3 BBBB. #or centuries Chinese
beliefs about music were influenced by the philosophy of Confucius" accordin) to which music was not to
entertain but to purify one*s thou)hts.
&s with lan)ua)e" there are many different kinds of music such as ;a44" rock" classical" folk" country" and many other
kinds of music. +ach kind of music has its own rules and .speaks. to us in its own way. Today" many cultures divide music
into art music and music of the people. &rt music" + BBBB" is more complicated than the music of the people E folk
music and popular music. &rt music is )enerally harder to write and perform. Musicians who perform it need a lot of
trainin). Popular and folk styles typically are easier to create" perform" and understand. Fo one knows for sure , BBBB.
Music )oes alon) with many of our activities. :e dance to music" sin) son)s" or e5ercise to music" we hear music in cars
and stores. Music entertains us and
accompanies many important occasions" - BBBB.
". which we call classical music
#. so music is part of our lives
$. as an artful arran)ement of sounds across time
%. because melody and rhythm are two basic elements of music
&. when music be)an
'. music makes life worth livin)
(. because it would have harmful effects
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%&' ( 1!-"1) ( *& 1) ") # $) +
& & & .
/)& )0/$))01&2
&ndrea turned off the motorway onto the road to Brockbourne" the small villa)e in which she lived. 't was
four o*clock in the afternoon" but the sun was already fallin) behind the hills. &t this time in @ecember it would
be completely dark by five o*clock. &ndrea shivered. 't was not cold in the car" but the trees bendin) in the harsh
wind and the patches of yesterday*s snow made her feel chilly inside. 't was another ten miles to the cotta)e
where she lived with her husband Michael" and the dim li)ht and wintry weather made her feel a little lonely.
9he was ;ust comin) out of the little villa)e of Mickley when she saw an old lady standin) by the road. 9he was
holdin) a hand?written si)n sayin) .Brockbourne. in her hand. &ndrea was surprised. 9he had never seen an old
lady hitchhikin) before. $owever" the weather and the comin) darkness made her feel sorry for the lady.
Formally" &ndrea would never pick up a hitchhiker when she was alone" thinkin) it was too dan)erous" but
what was the harm in doin) a favour for a little old lady like thisD &ndrea pulled up a little way down the road"
and the lady" holdin) a bi) shoppin) ba)" hurried over to climb in the door which &ndrea had opened for her.
:hen she )ot in" &ndrea could see that she was not" in fact" so little. Broad and fat" the old lady had some
difficulty climbin) in throu)h the car door" with her bi) ba)" and when she had )ot in" she more than filled the
seat ne5t to &ndrea. 9he wore a lon)" shabby old dress" and she had a yel low hat pulled down low over her eyes.
9he pushed her bi) brown canvas shoppin) ba) down onto the floor under her feet" and said in a voice which
was almost a whisperG
.Thank you" dear E '*m ;ust )oin) to Brockbourne..
.@o you live thereD. asked &ndrea" thinkin) that she had never seen the old lady in the villa)e in the four
years she had lived there herself.
.Fo" dear". answered the passen)er" in her soft voice" .'*m ;ust )oin) to visit a friend. $e was supposed to
meet me back there at Mickley" but his car broke down" so ' decided to hitchhike E there isn*t a bus until seven"
and ' didn*t want to wait. ' knew some kind soul would )ive me a lift..
9omethin) in the way the lady spoke" and the way she never turned her head" but stared continuously into
the darkness ahead" made &ndrea uneasy about this stran)e hitchhiker. 9he did not know why" but she felt
instinctively that there was somethin) wron)" somethin) odd" somethin) dan)erous. But how could an old lady
be dan)erousD 't was absurd.
Careful not to turn her head" &ndrea looked at her passen)er. 9he studied the hat" the dirty collar of the
dress" the shapeless body" the arms with their thick black hairs...
Thick black hairsD $airy armsD &ndrea*s blood fro4e. This wasn*t a woman. 't was a man.
&t first" she didn*t know what to do. Then suddenly" an idea came to her mind. 9win)in) the wheel
suddenly" she brou)ht the car to a halt.
.My /odH. she shouted. .& childH @id you see the childD ' think '*ve hit herH.
The .old lady. was clearly shaken.
.' didn*t see anythin)" dear". she said. .' don*t think you*ve hit anythin)..
.'*m sure it was a childH. insisted &ndrea. .Could you ;ust )et out and have a lookD 0ust see if there*s
anythin) on the roadD.
9he held her breath. :ould her plan workD
't did. The passen)er slowly opened the car door" leavin) her ba) inside" and climbed out to investi)ate.
&s soon as she was out of the car" &ndrea drove %uickly away.
't was only ten minutes later that she thou)ht about the ba) lyin) on the floor. Maybe the ba) would
provide some information about the real identity of the old woman who was not an old woman. &ndrea lifted
the heavy ba) onto her lap and opened it curiously.
't contained only one item E a small hand a5e" with a ra4or?sharp blade. The a5e" and the inside of the
ba)" were covered with the dark red stains of dried blood.
&ndrea be)an to scream.
"*, The phrase ....made her feel chilly inside. means
1I she felt upset.
7I she felt lonely.
!I she felt an5ious.
3I she was cold.
"*- &ndrea decided to pick up a lady because
1I she felt lonely.
7I she was afraid to drive alone.
!I she felt sorry for an elderly lady.
3I a lady would not do her a harm.
"*. The lady decided to hitchhike because
1I her car broke down.
7I her friend did not meet her.
!I buses did not )o to Brockbourne.
3I her friend could not meet her as his car broke down.
"*3 9ittin) beside the lady &ndrea felt all e5cept
1I distressed.
7I disturbed.
!I uneasy.
3I troubled.
"*9 &ndrea understood the hitchhiker pretended to be a lady because
1I the lady was not little.
7I she saw her hairy hands.
!I the lady spoke in a whisper.
3I the lady never turned her head.
"20 &ndrea was able to escape
1I by deceivin) the hitchhiker.
7I by ;umpin) out of the car.
!I by persuadin) the lady to let her )o.
3I by haltin) the car abruptly.
"2* &ndrea could be characteri4ed as a
1I smart person.
7I cold?blooded woman.
!I haltin) person.
3I hesitatin) woman.
JK KLKMNOMPP QRSKTMUMPV WOXOMPY "" # P 1!-"1 ,- ./012- %-3-,-42 456 625-27
%&' ()( * 1+ 6/3.22- 5,8.,-" NZK KZQUZR MO WOXOMPV "-#" 1!-"1
[O\SKTO]O^Z\V Q [OWMR_ NO\ZV_ `TOMLO.

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