Experiment 7 Forced and Natural Response of RC circuits with DC excitation Forced and Natural Response of RC circuits with DC excitation CORONEL, JLL!N "ER#L $% &roup No%' ( Date of )erformance' Fe*ruar+ ,,, ,-.. Date of Su*mission' "arch -., ,-.. &rade Engr% John "ercado /NS0RC0OR /% O1JEC0/$ES .%2 0o anal+3e the effect of energ+ storing de4ices li5e capacitors in DC circuits ,%2 0o demonstrate the charging and discharging response of a capacitor with DC excitation 6%2 0o 4erif+ the natural response and forced response of a DC excited RC circuit (%2 0o distinguish among the natural response, forced response and complete response of a d+namic RC circuit //% D!0!70!1LES7&R!)8S Preliminary Data Sheet Experiment 7: Forced and Natural Response of RC circuits with DC excitation Name:Coronel, Jullan "er+l $% Date: Fe*ruar+ ,,, ,-.. Crs/Sec: EE.-.L719 Group no: ( 0a*le :%. Charging ;Complete response2 0ime ;ms2 $oltage;$ p <=-m$2 Charge - - - .- ;.,2 .9> m$ .9%> ,- ;,-2 ,6, m$ ,6%, 6- ;6,2 ,>( m$ ,>%( (- ;(-2 6-- m$ 6- =- ;=,2 6.9 m$ 6.%9 9- ;9-2 6.9 m$ 6.%9 >- ;>-2 6,( m$ 6,%( .-- ;.--2 6,( m$ 6,%( .,- ;.,-2 6,( m$ 6,%( .(- .9- .>- 0a*le :%, Discharging ;Natural response2 0ime ;ms2 $oltage ;m$2 Charge - 6,> 6,%> .- ;.,2 .:9 .:%9 ,- ;,-2 >( >%( 6- ;6,2 (- ( (- ;(-2 ,- , =- ;=-2 ., .%, 9- ;9-2 ( -%( >- ;>-2 - - .-- ;.--2 - - .,- ;.,-2 - - .(- .9- .>- ppro!ed "#: Engr. John Mercado $nstructor ///% /N0ER)RE0!0/ON /n this experiment, we use oscilloscope to 5now the $oltage across the capacitor at specific time and its wa4eforms% Since, we 5now the 4oltage across the capacitor at specific time, and then we were a*le to 5now the 4alue of the charge of the capacitor at specific time% !s / o*ser4ed, *ased on m+ research, the resisti4e?capitance time constant is the time re@uired to charge a capacitor to approximatel+ 96A of the maximum 4oltage or to discharge a capacitor to approximatel+ 6:A of the initial 4oltage of the capacitor% Be use 0ina pro *ecause the amount of time re@uired to charge and discharge a capacitor is 4er+ small% /n RC circuit, it composed of a source, resistor and a capacitor% Be use resistor to control the charge and discharge time necessar+% /f the resistance of the resistor decreases, it ta5es less time to charge a capacitor% 1ecause of that, the amount of time of the capacitor to *ecome full+ charged is depends on the capacitances of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor% 0he natural response of an RC circuit is the exponential part of the response that usuall+ dies out, due to the presence of capacitor in the circuit% 0herefore, this is the charging and discharging of the capacitor% $% CONCLS/ON7S""!R# !fter this experiment in Forced and Natural Response of RC circuits with DC excitation, / was a*le to 5now that when the 4oltage across a capacitor is not changing with time, the current through the capacitor is 3ero% 0herefore, / conclude that a capacitor is an open circuit to dc and that the 4oltage on a capacitor cannot change a*ruptl+ *ecause the capacitor resists an a*rupt change in the 4oltage across it% 8ere, / also conclude that capacitance is directl+ proportional to the area of the plates and in4ersel+ proportional to the distance *etween the plates of the capacitor% / also learned that the role of a capacitor is to store energ+% !dditionall+, / also conclude that natural response of an RC circuit is the circuitCs temporar+ response that will die out with time% 8ere, / conclude that forced response of an RC circuit is the *eha4ior of the circuit a long time after an external excitation is applied% !nd lastl+, complete response is the summation of all the response% $/% REFERENCE7SORCES Electrical Circuits La*orator+ . "anual *+ 8ortinela and $allestero
http'77www%ee%surre+%ac%u57)roDects7C!L7complex?fre@uenc+7ForcedA,-response%htm http'77www%m+oops%org7cocw7usu7ElectricalEandEComputerEEngineering7SignalsEandES+stems7 .E9node9%html /$% FES0/ONS !ND )RO1LE"S 1. What are the factors governing capacitance? 0he factors that go4ern capacitance are charge and 4oltage% !lso, the following can still include' surface area of the plates where the greater plate area the greater the capacitance whereas, the lesser the plate area the lesser the capacitance, distance *etween plates where the greater the plate spacing the lesser the capacitance whereas, the closer the plate spacing the greater the capacitance and permitti4it+ of material where the higher the permitti4it+ the greater the capacitance% 2. What are the characteristics of the capacitor when connected to a ! so"rce? 0he following are the characteristics of the capacitor in DC source' 0he capacitor is an open circuit ! finite amount of energ+ can *e stored in a capacitor e4en if the current through it is 3ero% ! capacitor resists an a*rupt change in the 4oltage through it% 0he capacitor ne4er dissipates energ+ *ut onl+ stores it% #. isc"ss $rief%& the different t&pes of capacitors Dielectric Capacitors are usuall+ of the 4aria*le t+pe such as used for tuning transmitters, recei4ers and transistor radios% Film Capacitors are the most commonl+ a4aila*le of all t+pes of capacitors, consisting of a relati4el+ large famil+ of capacitors with the difference *eing in their dielectric properties% Ceramic Capacitors or Disc Capacitors as the+ are generall+ called, are made *+ coating two sides of a small porcelain or ceramic disc with sil4er and are then stac5ed together to ma5e a capacitor% Electrol+tic Capacitors are generall+ used when 4er+ large capacitance 4alues are re@uired% '. What are the $asic app%ications of an (! circ"it? 0he *asic applications of an RC circuit are dela+ circuit and electronic flash unit% /t *asicall+ consists of an RC circuit with the capacitor connected in parallel with a neon lamp% ). efine the time constant of an (! circ"it? 0he time re@uired to charge a capacitor to 96 percent ;actuall+ 96%, percent2 of full charge or to discharge it to 6: percent ;actuall+ 69%> percent2 of its initial 4oltage is 5nown as the 0/"E CONS0!N0 ;0C2 of the circuit% 6. etermine the e*"iva%ence capacitance when a capacitor is p%aced in para%%e% with series connect and #0 capacitors. 7. +ind the e*"iva%ent capacitance when series connected and capacitors are connected in para%%e% with series connected and capacitors. ,. etermine the time constant of an (! circ"it with a resistance (- 200 .hms and a )0 micro +arad capacitor connected in series with a 20/ d! so"rce. 9. etermine the time constant of an (! circ"it with a resistance ( - and a capacitor connected in para%%e% with a #0/ dc so"rce.
10. etermine the vo%tage after ) after the switch is c%osed if the circ"it is connected to a #0/ s"pp%& and the capacitor is initia%%& "ncharged. = = .(